Muscles Names Flashcards
Pronator Teres
Only goes halfway up the arm
Flexor carpi group- insertion and origin points
Medial epicondyle of humerus to bones of writs (carpals) and hand (metacarpals)
Flexor carpi group 1
Flexor carpi radialis
Brachioradialis
Lateral humerus to radial stylus process. Good dividing line between forearm flexor group and extensor group running across radial side of arm
Flexor digitorum group x2
Medial epicondyle of humerus (deep to flexor carpi group) and ulna
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Anconeus
Lateral/posterior surface that helps move capsule of elbow joint out of the way with twisting movements. triangle shaped
Sternocleidomastoid
Sternum, clavicle, mastoid process. Flexed and tilts head to side
Scalenes
Deep to sternocleidomastoid.
Anterior scalene lies on top of posterior scalene and the medial (middle) scalene is closest to the neck vertebrae. Elevates ribs
I L(ove) S(pine) is the order of what muscles
Illiocostalis (lumborum) ilium to ribs, most lateral
Longissimus (thoracis)
Spinalis (thoracis) most medial
Rotator cuff muscle group what it is
Scapula to humerus (greater/lesser tubercles) theses muscles help keep humerus in place in the glenohumeral cavity.
Rotator cuff muscle group names
Subscapularis- (anterior, sits in subscapula fossa)
Supraspinatus- posterior
Infraspinatus- posterior
Teres minor- posterior
Extensor carpi group what it is
Mostly originate from lateral humerus. Three muscles
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Sits underneath extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Lies on top of brevis and has a longer tendon on muscle
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Connects to ulna
Anatomical snuff box three muscles
Abductor pollicis longus connects most laterally to the other two muscles. Abducts thumb
Extensor pollicis brevis- lies on the bottom part of the ASB, above Abductor PL
Extensor pollicis longus- lies on top part of ASB
Muscle compartments of thigh (anterior medial posterior)
Anterior- 4 quads, sartorius, iliopsoas
Medial- 5 adductors
Posterior- 3 hamstrings
Muscle compartments of lower leg
Anterior- dorsiflexors
Lateral- peroneal muscles everters
Posterior- plantar flexors (deep plantar flexors and superficial calf muscles)
Agonist (prime mover)
Muscle that has a major responsibility for producing a specific movement
Antagonists
Muscles that oppose or reverse a specific movement. Can relax and passively stretch when agonist contracts. Can prevent overshooting of movement
Agonists and antagonists
Lie on opposite sides of joint
Synergists (fixator)
May add force to a movement or reduce undesirable or unnecessary movements. May also help stabilise bones or joints that aren’t needed
Trapezius muscle (on back)
Pulls scapula around, has upper middle and lower parts. Extends longitudinally from occipital bone to lower thoracic vertebrae and lateral scapula spine. Lies above latissimus dorsi
Rhomboid major (on back)
Deep to the trapezius. Connects the scapula with the vertebrae of spinal column.
Rhomboid minor (on back)
Smaller than rhomboid major and connects scapula with vertebrae. Lies above rhomboid major
Levator scapulae
Elevates head, superficial muscles and can be palpated
Latissimus dorsi (on back)
Broad muscle attaching to humerus and vertebrae. Extends and adducts (eg swimming and climbing)
Pectoral is major (on front)
Superficial, covers superior portion of chest. Adducts and medially rotates arm
Deltoid (on front)
Covers shoulder and rotator cuffs. Has three parts/heads
Anterior, middle, posterior
Pectoralis minor
Deep to pec major. Attaches coracoid process and to ribs
Subclavius (front)
Small triangular muscle. Beneath clavicle and first rib
Serratus anterior (front)
Deep muscle covering lateral rib cage to medial border of scapula. Originates on surface of 1st to 8th rib and insets along entire anterior length of medial border of scapula
External oblique (torso front)
\/ slanted fibres. Superficial
Internal oblique (front torso)
/\ slanted fibres. Deep to external oblique
Rectus abdominus (front torso)
Medial bands deep to external oblique. Looks like rectangles
Transverse abdominus
Deepest. Fibres run horizontal =
Biceps brachii (upper arm)
Two heads, short head attaches to coracoid process, long head attaches to top of glamour cavity. Flexes and supinated forearm. Distal attachment/insertion point at radial tuberosity
Brachialis
Deep to biceps brachii. Attaches to ulna from humerus and flexes forearm at elbow
Coracobrachialis (brachial region)
Coracoid process to middle of brachial region
Triceps brachii (posterior brachial region) has three heads
Long head attaches to scapula
Medial attaches to humerus, deep
Lateral attaches to humerus
All insert into the ulna at olecranon of ulna
Pronation Teres (muscles of forearm)
Only goes half way up the arm
Flexor carpi group
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus (not in everyone)
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Brachioradialis (muscles of forearm)
Lateral humerus to radial stylus process and makes the border of anterior and posterior
Flexor digitorum group (deep to flexor carpi group, pronation Teres and brachioradialis)
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus (deep to flexor digitorum group)
Radius to thumbs, allows flexion and extension of thumb
Deepest layers of forearm
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus
Supinator
Extensor carpi group (posterior forearm muscles)
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Finger extensors- extensor digitorum
Goes to all fingers
Finger extensors- extensor indicis
To middle/index finger
Finger extensors- extensor digiti minimi
To little finger
Anconeus- a muscle to do with elbow
Small muscle that helps triceps and stops folding and pinching of elbow, keeping it out of the way
Quadratus lumborum (lower body)
12th run to iliac crest- laterally flexes the back
Iliopsoas is made of
Psoas major
Iliacus
Iliopsoas muscle
Iliac crest and vertebrae to lesser trochanter of femur. Lifts leg
Gluteus maximum (posterior thigh ie the but)
Sacrum to femur and iliotibial tract
Main extensor of thigh
Gluteus medius (deep to maximise)
Ilium to greater trochanter
Gluteus minimus (deepest of the glute muscles)
Starts lowest on the bone, from ilium to greater trochanter of femur
Quadriceps femoris group does what
Flexes hip joint, extends knee joint
Rectus femoris (quadriceps femoris group )
Anterior inferior iliac spine to tibial tuberosity via patella ligament
Vastus group composed of three muscles:
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermidius (deep toe ecrus femoris)
Vastus medialis
Abductor group in thigh
Pectineus
Adductor Magnus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Hamstring group
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosis
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris (hamstring group)
Ischial tuberosity (Long head) and femur (short head) to fibula and tibia. Extends hip and flexes knee
Tibialis anterior (lower leg)
Tendons passes lateral to tibia then anterior to ankle joint. Dorsiflexes foot
Extensor digitoxin limbus (lower leg)
Tibia and fibula to phalanges. Toe extension
Extensor hallucis longus (lower leg)
Fibula and interosseous membrane to big toe (extensions of big toe)
Gastrocnemius (posterior lower leg, superficial)
Calf muscle, from femur to calcaneous via calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon)
Plantar flexes foot
Soleus (posterior leg)
Tibia, fibula, to calcaneus. Plantar flexes foot
Flexor hallucis longus (posterior leg)
Fibula to hallux, flexes big toe
Popliteus (back of knee)
Lateral condyle of femur to tibia. Flexes knee
Flexor digitorum longus (lateral leg)
Back of tibia to toes. Plantar flexes toes and inverts foot
Fibularis group (lateral leg) everts and plantar flexes foot
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Fibularis tertius
