Joints and Movement Flashcards
(ACJ) acromioclavicular joint
between acromion process of scapula and acromial end of clavicle. Has two parts, one connects to conoid and the other the trapezoid part.
Fibrous Joints
articulating bones that are United by fibrous connective tissue. Almost all are classified as synarthroses but this depends on fibre length.
synarthroses/synarthrotic
immovable joint
cartilaginous joints are…
articulating bones that are fused/unoted by cartilage. Mostly amphiarthroses but there are a few that are synarthroses.
amphiarthroses
slight movement of the joint is possible
diarthrosis
full movement of joint
synovial joints
complex and with the features:
- a joint cavity
- synovial fluid
- articular cartilage
- articular capsule/joint capsule
Hinge Joint
synovial join type a
- moves in one axis, allows extension/flexion
- eg elbow joint
pivot joint
synovial joint type b
- joint is uniaxial but allows pro/supination
- proximal radio-ulnar joint
planar joint
synovial joint type c
- joints glide, non-axial movement
- inter carpal and inter tarsal joints
condylar joint
synovial joint type d
- bi-axial
- eg metacarpophalangeal joints (knuckles)
saddle joint
synovial joint type e
- thumb MCPJ (metacarpophalangeal joint)
Ball and socket joint
synovial joint type f
- can move along multiple axis
- eg hip and shoulder
Bursae
flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane and a thin film of synovial fluid
tendon sheaths
elongated bursae that wrap around tendons
tendons provide
Dynamic support to muscles and are supporting joints of muscles
atlanto-occipital joint
lies between the occipital condyle and superior facet of the atlas.
Atlanta-occipital joint movement and classification
synovial, diarthrotic
Atlanto-axial joints x3
2x between atlas and axis lateral (on superior and inferior facets)
1x medial pivot joint with dens and facet of dens
Atlanto-axial joints movement and classification
synovial, diarthrotic
facet joints- diarthroses
articular synovial joints between each vertebra. each vertebra has two sets of superior and inferior facet articulations
Where is an Intervertebral joint (cartilaginous joint) found
Between two vertebral bodies.
Eg intervertebral disc which attaches adjacent bodies and provides cushioning and shock absorbency (only 2 fibre directions)
Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament (run the whole way down)
Continuous supporting bands cover the ventral and dorsal aspects of vertebral body from neck to sacrum
Interspinous ligament
Between the spinous process of the vertebrae and stabilised extension and flexion
Ligamentum flavum
Join vertebral lamina together segmentally
Supraspinous ligament
Cord-like band connecting spinous process from lower cervical region to sacrum. Merges with the Michal ligament superiorly
Ligamentum nuchae
Large, sheet like elastic ligament connecting cervical vertebrae to skull. Attaches from external occipital protein wrench to cervical spinous process. Finished at C7
Costovertebral joint- synovial and diarthrotic
Head of rib and two vertebral bodies
Costotransverse joint- synovial and diarthrotic
Tubercle of rib and transverse process of vertebra
Sternoclavicular joint (pectoral girdle)
Between manubrium of sternum and stern also end of clavicle at clavicular notch
Coracoclavicular ligament
Between coracoid process of scapula and inferior part of clavicle (conoid and trapezoid parts)
Coracoacromial ligament
Between coracoid and acromial processes of scapula
Glenohumeral joint- ball and socket joint and diarthrotic
Head of humerus fits into shallow Glen lid cavity of scapula. Synovial cavity
Coracohumeral ligament
Attaches from coracoid process of scapula to proximal humerus. Adds stability to joint capsule
Glenohumeral ligament
Attaches from anterior Glen our cavity to humerus
Tendon of long head of biceps brachii muscle
Superstabiliser that secures the head of the humerus against the Glenoid cavity
Elbow joint- hinge joint, synovial joint
Radius and ulna articulate with capitulum and trochlea of humerus. Movement limited by olecranon
Ulnar collateral ligament (elbow joint)
From ulna to humerus in MEDIAL elbow
Annular ligament (elbow joint)
Encircles head of radius within radial north of ulna allowing pronation and supination
Radial collateral ligament (elbow joint)
From head of radius to humerus LATERAL elbow
Ulna collateral ligament (wrist/carpal joint)
From ulna to 5th metacarpal
Radial collateral ligament (wrist/carpal joint)
From radius to scaphoid bone of wrist
Palmar radiocarpal ligament (wrist joint)
From radius over carpals (anterior). Ensures hand moves with radius during supination and pronation
Dorsal radiocarpal ligament (wrist joint)
From radius to 1st row of carpal bones
Sacroiliac joint (pelvic girdle)
Between sacrum and ilium
Anterior sacroiliac ligament (sacroiliac joint in pelvic girdle)
Attaches from sacrum to iliac fossa
Posterior sacroiliac ligament (sacroiliac joint in pelvic girdle)
Attaches from sacrum to posterior superior ilium
Sacrospinous ligament (pelvic girdle)
Attaches sacrum to ischial spine
Sacrotuberous ligament (pelvic girdle)
From sacrum and coccyx to ischial tuberosity
Iliolumbar ligament (pelvic girdle)
From lumbar vertebrae to ilium
Pubic symphysis (pelvic girdle)
Cartilaginous joint between the two pubic bones at midline
Greater sciatic foramen (pelvic girdle)
Passageway for structures entering or leaving pelvis. Formed by sacrotuberous and sacrispinous ligaments
Lesser sciatic foramen (pelvic girdle)
Passageway for structures entering or leaving perineum. Formed by sacrotuberous and sacrispinous ligaments
Inguinal ligament (pelvic girdle)
From pubic tubercle to anterior superior iliac spine. Associated with connective tissue if external oblique muscle
Hip/ Coxyl joint- ball and socket but ligaments limit range
Head of femur and deep acetabulum of pelvic bones
Iliofemoral ligament (hip joint)
Strong v-shaped anterior ligament attaches from ilium to head of femur
Pubofemoral ligament
From pubis to femur
Ischiofemoral ligament
Spinal posterior ligament from ischium to femur
Ligamentum Teres (hip joint)
Ligament of the femoral head: flat band from femur head to acetabulum containing arterial supply to femur head
Knee joint- synovial
Lateral and medial consume of distal femur, superior articulated surface of tibia and articulate surface of patella
Medial and lalteral menisci (knee joint)
C-shaped cartilage associated with tibia and help prevent side to side rocking and absorb shock
Articular capsule (knee joint stabiliser)
Exists on sides and posterior aspects but absent anteriorly. Sesamoid bone
Intracapsular and extracapsular ligaments (knee joint stabilisers)
Prevent excessive medial/lateral and anterior/posterior movement between tibia and femur. Prevents hyperextension of knee joint
Anterior Cruciate ligament (knee joint)
Attaches from anterior tibia through the articulate capsule to posterior part of lateral consuls on femur. Prevents forward sliding of tibia on femur
Posterior crucible ligament (knee joint)
Attaches from posterior tibia through articulate capsule to anterior part of medial consult of femur. Prevents backwards displacement of tibia
Fibular and tibial collateral ligaments (knee joint) Both are extra capsular
Tibial collateral attaches to medial epicondyle of femur to tibia
Fibular collateral attaches head of fibula to lateral epicondyle of femur
Ankle joint - synnnovial
Lateral reinforcement of capsule by lateral collateral ligament which has three parts
Lateral collateral ligament (ankle joint) part 1
Anterior talofibular ligament- extends from lateral Malleolus to talus bones
Lateral collateral ligament (ankle joint) part 2
Calcaneofibular ligament- extends from lateral malleolus inferiorly, to lateral pet of calcaneous bone of ankle
Lateral collateral ligament (ankle joint) part 3
Posterior talofibular ligaments- extends posteriorly from talus to fibula
Medial collateral/ deltoid ligament (ankle joint)
Runs from medial tarsal bones to medial malleolus
