Axial and appendicular Skeleton

Question 1

frontal bone

Answer 1

front part of skull

Question 2

parietal bones

Question 3

how many bones in axial skeleton and what types?

Answer 3

skull, rib cage, spinal column, sternum together make up 80 bones

Question 4

lamina

Answer 4

plates of the arch on a vertebrae

Question 5

pedicle

Answer 5

“foot” of vertebrae. On a vertebrae, the pedicle protrudes from the main bone body next to the vertebral foramen

Question 6

spinous process

Answer 6

posteromedial projection between junction of 2 laminae

Question 7

laminae/ a lamina- vertebrae

Answer 7

area/arch between the superior process and transverse process

Question 8

transverse process

Answer 8

lateral extension from arch

Question 9

superior/inferior articular process- vertebral column

Answer 9

a common feature on vertebrae. protrude from pedicle-lamina junction. successive vertebra join at body and articular process.

Question 10

Atlas C1 vetebra

Answer 10

no spinous process nor vertebral body.

Question 11

Atlas: the superior articular facets hold?

Answer 11

the occipital condyles (base of skull)

Question 12

Axis C2

Answer 12

• contains the dens and sits within the facet for the dens. allows rotation of movement such as when nodding NO

Question 13

Dens

Answer 13

projects superiorly from body of axis, sits within dens facet on anterior arch of the atlas

Question 14

Sacrum- apex

Answer 14

tip of triangle (inferior on the shape)

Question 15

Sacrum- base

Answer 15

base of triangle (superior on the shape)

Question 16

Sacrum- auricular surface

Answer 16

Articulates (forms joint with) hip bones

Question 17

Sacrum- superior articular surface

Answer 17

joins to lumbar L5

Question 18

Sternum- manubrium

Answer 18

• the top of sternum aka ‘knot of neck tie’

Question 19

sternum- clavicular notches

Answer 19

allow for clavicular articulation (connection)

Question 20

sternum- costal notches

Answer 20

• allow rib articulation. note: costal refers to rib

Question 21

sternum- body

Answer 21

main bulk of sternum

Question 22

costal notches on body of sternum

Answer 22

allow rib articulation

Question 23

sternum- xiphoid process

Answer 23

• originally cartilage which becomes bone structure. sword like structure, very fragile and helps s connection point for muscles.

Question 24

true ribs

Answer 24

cartilage has direct attachment to sternum

Question 25

false ribs and floating ribs

Answer 25

• floating ribs don’t have cartilage attached to sternum, act as muscle attachment points
• false ribs are joined to a common piece of cartilage first before joining to sternum.

Question 26

thoracic cage- tubercle

Answer 26

articulates with transverse process of vertebrae.

Question 27

pectoral girdle

Answer 27

shoulder girdle that attaches upper limbs to axial skeleton

Question 28

clavicle

Answer 28

medial end (cone shaped) joins the manubrium, the distal end (flattened) joins to the scapula at acromion

Question 29

pectoral girdle- acromion

Answer 29

posterior and is a continuation of the scapula. articulates with the acromial end of clavicle

Question 30

scapula

Answer 30

shoulder blades

Question 31

supra and infraspinous fossa on scapula

Answer 31

ditch on bone just above and below the spine of the scapula, visible from posterior view

Question 32

coracoid process on scapula

Answer 32

anterosuperior finger-like projection

Question 33

glenpid cavity- scapula

Answer 33

the head of the humerus fits in here

Question 34

Humerus

Answer 34

upper arm bone

Question 35

humerus- medial and lateral epicondyles

Answer 35

• medial epicondyle aka funny bone

- situated near the trochlea where the humerus connects to the elbow joint.

Question 36

humerus- capitulum

Answer 36

lateral, ball-like structure articulates with head of radius

Question 37

humerus- trochlea

Answer 37

anteromedial hourglass shape that is tipped on its side, articulates with ulna

Question 38

Ulna

Answer 38

longer than the radius, forms elbow joint with humerus

Question 39

ulna- olecranon process

Answer 39

elbow ‘point’

Question 40

ulna- trochlea notch

Answer 40

articulates with trochlea of humerus

Question 41

ulna- radial notch

Answer 41

articulates with head of radius

Question 42

radius head

Answer 42

articulates with capitulum of humerus

Question 43

Radius- radial tuberosity

Answer 43

biceps muscle anchors here.

Question 44

radius- carpal articular surface

Answer 44

articulates with carpal bones.

Question 45

carpal bones

Answer 45

wrist bones

Question 46

hip bones/ pelvic girdle

Answer 46

ilium

Question 47

hip bones/ pelvic girdle- ilium

Answer 47

superior region of hip bones (R-shape)

Question 48

pelvic girdle- ischium

Answer 48

inferior part of hip bones (U-shape)

Question 49

pelvic girdle- pubis

Answer 49

anterior (X-shape)

Question 50

Pelvic girdle- pelvic brim

Answer 50

imaginary circular line cutting from superior pubic crest to sacrum

Question 51

pelvic girdle- acetabulum

Answer 51

articulate with femur

Question 52

pelvic girdle- obturator foramen

Answer 52

opening for vessels and nerves

Question 53

femur- greater and lesser trochanters

Answer 53

attachment for thigh and buttock muscles

Question 54

femur- medial and lateral condyles

Answer 54

distal/posterior wheel like structures that articulate with the tibia (shin bone)

Question 55

femur- medial and lateral epicondyles

Answer 55

attachment points for muscles

Question 56

femur- patellar surface

Answer 56

smooth surface anteriorly between condyles for patella

Question 57

tibia- medial and lateral condyles

Answer 57

articulate with femur

Question 58

tibia bone is

Answer 58

the larger of the two lower leg bones

Question 59

tibial tuberosity- tibia

Answer 59

attachment for patellar ligament

Question 60

tibia- medial malleolus

Answer 60

inner bulge of ankle

Question 61

appendicular skeleton

Answer 61

upper and lower limbs, girdles (shoulder and hip bones), make up 126 bones