Muscles: Lower Body Flashcards
External abdominal oblique
Muscles going down at an angle. (Hands in pockets) more superficial than internal abdominal obliques.
Action: compresses abdomen
Rectus abdominis
Vertical muscles that make up a six pack
Action: flexes torso O: pubic symphysis I: xiphoid process
Internal abdominal oblique
Muscles that go upward toward rectus abdominis. Deeper than external abdominal obliques.
Action: Compresses abdomen.
Transversus abdominis
Horizontal muscles going across abdomen. More deep.
Action: Compresses abdomen.
Linea alba
Fibrous strip that connects left and right rectus sheaths. On abdomen.
Gluteus Maximus
Big muscle on butt.
Action: extends hip O: ilium
Gluteus medius
Biggest triangle of muscle on hip. Most superior.
Action: Abducts hip O: ilium I: greater trochanter of femur
Gluteus minimus
Hip muscle deep under gluteus medius.
Action: abducts hip. O: ilium I: greater trochanter of femur
Piriformis
Second biggest triangle of muscle on hip. (Muscle is split on cadaver)
Action: lateral rotation of thigh I: greater trochanter of femur
Gemellus superior
One of three smaller triangle muscles in hip. Most superior.
Action: lateral rotation of thigh O: ischium I: greater trochanter of femur
Obturator internus
Middle hip muscle of three smaller triangle muscles.
Action: lateral rotation of thigh O: ischium I: greater trochanter of femur
Gemellus inferior
Most inferior hip muscle of three smaller triangle muscles.
Action: lateral rotation of thigh O: ischium I: greater trochanter of femur
Quadratus femoris
Most inferior muscle of the hip muscles. “Square” muscle.
Action: lateral rotation of thigh
Sciatic nerve
Main nerve of leg in between Piriformis and gemellus superior.
Refers collectively to the tibial and fibular nerves.
Femoral tirangle
Anterior region by groin. Bounded by inguinal ligament, sartorius, and adductor longus, contains the femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein and lymphatics.
Popliteal fossa
Posterior cavity of space on the back of the knee. Contains sciatic nerve (and branches), popliteal artery and popliteal vein.
Tensor facsiae latae
Superiorish muscle on leg on lateral side. Superficial. Close to head of femur.
Iliotibial band
Band of tissue all across lateral side of leg.
Sartorius
Longest muscle in the body. Medial to the leg. Superficial.
Action: laterally rotates hip
Iliopsoas
Long leg muscle that connects to the lesser trochanter of femur and goes into the abdomin/spine. Can be seen on medial side of upper leg. Small portion of it is seen. Superior to pectineus.
Action: flexes hip I: lesser trochanter of femur
Pectineus
Next to and more superior to adductor longus. Medial side of leg.
Action: adducts hip
Gracilis
Most medial muscle on leg.
Action: adducts hip
Adductor longus
Anterior to gracilis. In between pectineus and gracilis.
Action: adducts hip
Adductor magnus
Posterior to gracilis.
Action: adducts hip
Adductor brevis
Directly underneath adductor longus
Action: adducts hip
Biceps femoris - long head
Muscle on posterior and lateral side. A hamstring. More superficial than short head.
Action: flexes knee; extends hip O: ishcial tuberosity I: head of fibula
Biceps femoris - short head
A hamstring on lateral and posterior side. Deeper than long head
Action: flexes knee O: femur I: head of fibula
Semitendinosus
Hamstring on posterior of leg. Medial hamstring and more superficial than the semimembranosus.
Action: flexes knee; extends hip O: ishcial tuberosity I: tibia
Semimembranosus
Hamstring on posterior of leg. Deeper than the semitendinosus.
Action: flexes knee; extends hip O: ishcial tuberosity I: tibia
Quadriceps femoris rectus femoris
Anterior quad muscle on leg. Most anterior. Superficial to q.f. vastus intermedius.
Action: extends knee I: tibial tuberosity
Quadriceps femoris vastus lateralis
Quad muscle on leg. Anterior on leg. On lateral side. Next to q.f. Rectus femoris.
Action: extends knee I: tibial tuberosity
Quadriceps femoris vastus medialis
Anterior quad on leg. Next to q.f. rectus femoris. Lateral on leg.
Action: extends knee I: tibial tuberosity
Quadriceps femoris vastus intermedius
Directly underneath the q.f. rectus femoris. Anterior but deep.
Action: extends knee I: tibial tuberosity
Tibialis anterior
Most anterior muscle. Can be seen on lateral and sometimes medial sides.
Action: dorsiflexes foot
Extensor hallucis longus
Small muscle by tibialis anterior and slightly under extensor digitorum longus. Lateral side.
Action: extends big toe I: first phalanx
Extensor digitorum longus
Lateral side of leg. Next to tibialis anterior and fibularis longus.
Action: extends toes #2-5 I: phalanges 2-5
Fibularis brevis
Lateral side of leg. Under fibularis longus. Muscle fibers kind of go in a different different direction than fibularis longus. Deeper.
Action: everts foot
Gastrocnemius
Most posterior calf muscle. Attaches to the Achilles’ tendon.
Action: plantar flexes foot; flexes knee O: condyles of femur I: calcaneus bone
Soleus
Deeper than the gastrocnemius. Part of the calf muscle and attaches to the Achilles’ tendon.
Action: plantar flexes foot I: calcaneus bone
Calcaneal tendon
Aka Achilles’ tendon. Combined tendons of gastrocnemius and Soleus. By ankle.
Tibialis posterior
Muscle under gastrocnemius and soleus. In the middle of the leg on tibia.
Action: plantar flexes foot
Flexor digitorum longus
Muscle on medial inside of foot. Next to tibialis posterior. Deeper than flexor hallicus longus. Inferior to popliteus
Action: flexes toes I: phalanges 2-5
Popliteus
By knee on medial side. Muscle fibers going at a downward angle. Superior to flexor digitorum longus.
Extensor retinaculum
Thickened fascia that binds tendons in place as they cross the ankle. Y shaped on foot.
Fibularis longus
Seems to be most lateral muscle on leg. On top of fibularis brevis.
Action: everts foot
Flexor hallicus longus
Underneath the tibialis posterior directly on tibia bone.
Action: flexes big toe. I: first phalanx
