muscles - for merge Flashcards
1
Q
- Name the muscle of the head that lifts the eyebrows and wrinkles the brow (as in when you look ?surprised?)
A
- frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis
2
Q
- What is the origin of occipitofrontalis?
A
- epicranial aponeurosis
3
Q
- What is the insertion of epicranius
A
- skin of eyebrow
4
Q
- Name the muscle you contract when you draw your eyebrows together (as in frowning/looking mad)
A
- corrugator supercilii
5
Q
- Name the muscle you use to close your eyes
A
- orbicularis oculi
6
Q
- Name the muscle you use to close your lips (as in preparing for a closed-mouth kiss)
A
- orbicularis oris
7
Q
- To lift your upper lip, as in a snarl, or look of disgust you would contract the
A
- levator labii superioris
8
Q
- The zygomaticus is sometimes called ?the smiling? muscle. Where must it insert?
A
- corners of mouth
9
Q
- Where is the epicranial aponeurosis? What is it made of?
A
- top of head; dense regular CT (lots of collagen fibers)
10
Q
- What two muscles (or two bellies) are attached to the epicranial aponeurosis?
A
- frontal, occipital bellies
11
Q
- What ONE of these two muscles, frontal or occipital bellies, originates at the epicranial aponeurosis?
A
- frontal
12
Q
- On what cranial bone can you find the nuchal line?
A
- occipital
13
Q
- What muscle originates on the zygomatic arch and inserts on the lateral ramus of the mandible?
A
- masseter
14
Q
- What is the action of masseter?
A
- elevate mandible
15
Q
- What muscle (on your list) depresses the mandible and participates in swallowing?
A
- digastric
16
Q
- Choose one: The sternocleidomastoid is a major head (neck) (flexor / extensor). The two bellies of this muscle have different origins but share an insertion. Name the 2 origins. Name the one insertion site.
A
- flexor (should read as ?major NECK flexor)
17
Q
- Where is the splenius capitus?
A
- posterior surface of neck
18
Q
- Remember that there are two splenius capitus muscles (one on each side of the body). What action occurs when both contract simultaneously? What occurs when only the left splenius capitus contracts?
A
- extension at the neck; rotates, lateral flexion at neck to left side
19
Q
- By just looking at a model or drawing, how could you differentiate the external obliques from the internal obliques, from the transverse abdominus, and rectus abdominus?
A
- direction of fibers: external fibers run at an angle toward midline (like fingers in pockets), internal fibers run at a 90 degree angle to externals, transverse fibers run horizontally, toward center, and rectus fibers run vertically, towards ribs and xiphoid (from pubis symphysis)
20
Q
- Which of the above abdominal muscles is the most superficial?
A
- external obliques
21
Q
- Which muscle looks like a serrated knife edge (jagged)?
A
- serratus anterior
22
Q
- Circle one: Because the rhomboid major inserts along the entire medial edge of the scapula, contraction should (retract / protract) the shoulder. (Retract is to ?pull shoulders back?, protract is to ?roll shoulders forward/hunch forward?).
A
Retract
23
Q
- What is the approximate insertion site of the latissimus dorsi?
A
Intertubular groove of humerus
24
Q
- Choose one: The latissimus dorsi is a prime mover of the arm. At the shoulder it causes (extension/ flexion) and (adduction / abduction). (Realize that the arm is moving!)
A
Extension, adduction
25
25. True or False: You will find the bulk of the supraspinatus (and its orgin site) residing in the supraspinous fossa of the scapula.
True
26
26. True or False: The infraspinatus muscle is (for the most part) on the posterior side of the scapula.
26. true
27
27. True or False: The subscapularis muscle is on the anterior side of the scapula. When contracted, it causes medial rotation of the shoulder.
27. true
28
28. Name the muscle: This muscle creates the ?roundedness? of the shoulder, when contracted causes arm abduction. _________________________.
Deltoid
29
29. For both heads of the biceps brachii, where is the insertion site? __________________________
Radial tuberosity
30
30. What action does the biceps brachii cause? _________________________
Flexion at elbow
31
31. Name the muscle: This is a strong muscle that is immediately deep to the biceps brachii on the distal humerus ______________________________. Note: This muscle could be considered a synergist of the biceps brachii (in that it assists, or adds to the action of the biceps brachii).
Brachialis
32
32. Name the muscle: A superficial muscle of the lateral forearm, often visible in both anterior and posterior views of the arm ______________________________. Can you visualize this muscle causing supination of the forearm, as well as flexion at the elbow?
brachioradialis
33
33. Name the muscle: A three-headed muscle, the only muscle of the posterior upper arm ________________________________.
Triceps brachii
34
34. For the triceps brachii, Name the origin of ONE of its three heads ___________________
Origins: superior/lateral region of humerus, or posterior surface of humers, etc.
35
35. For the triceps brachii, name the insertion site of all three heads __________________________.
Insertion: olecranon of ulna
36
36. Choose one: When this muscle contracts it causes (extension / flexion) at the elbow.
extension
37
37. Choose one: For the lower arm, flexors are found on the (anterior / posterior) surface. Extensors are found on the (anterior / posterior) surface.
anterior; posterior
38
38. flexor carpi radialis
flexion at wrist, runs diagonally across anterior forearm
39
39. flexor carpi ulnaris
. flexion at wrist, found at medial edge of anterior forearm
40
40. flexor digitorum superficials
flexion at base of fingers (think of fingers as ?digits?)
41
41. flexor pollicis longus
flexion at joints of the thumb (the thumb is the pollex!)
42
42. extensor carpi radialis longus
A. extends wrist, in posterior view this muscle runs along the lateral edge of posterior forearm
43
43. extensor carpi ulnaris
B. extends wrist, most medial of extensors
44
44. extensor digitorum
C. finger extension
45
45. extensor pollicis longus
D. abducts, extends thumb
46
46. The iliacus and psoas major are major muscles that move the thigh (cause motion at the hip joint). The iliacus originates up high on the anterior surface of the ilium and inserts on the femur, near the lesser trochanter. The psoas major originates on the anterior surface of the transverse process of the lower vertebrae and inserts at the lesser trochanter of the femur. When these two muscles contract, what action must they cause? ____________________________________ In this motion, does the femur get pulled up and forward, or back?
flexion at hip
47
47. True or False: The gluteus maximus causes extension and lateral rotation at the hip.
true
48
48. True or False: The gluteus medius is a synergist of the gluteus maximus, as it also causes extension and lateral rotation at the hip.
false. The gluteus medius causes abduction and medial rotation
49
49. True or False: In terms of rotation at the hip, the gluteus medius could be considered an antagonist of the gluteus maximus.
true
50
50. The adductor longus runs from near the pubis symphysis to its insertion site along the back length of the femur. If you had to take a wild guess, what is one of the major actions of the adductor longus? ____________________________________
adduction at hip (of leg)
51
51. The sartorius is a funky muscle! It is draped across our upper leg from lateral to medial and causes a few different actions. It participates in flexion of the knee, as well lateral rotation at the hip. Name its origin and insertion _____________________________________________
Origin= anterior superior iliac spine, Insertion= medial surface of tibia (upper portion)
52
52. List the four knee extensors!! _____________________________________________
rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis
53
53. Where do all of the knee extensors insert? ___________________________________
tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament)
54
54. Of the four knee extensors, which is the most medial? _________________ The most lateral? ________________? The deepest? _______________________________
vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius
55
55. List the three hamstrings (flexors of the knee) __________________________________________
biceps femoris, semitendenosus, semimembranosus
56
56. Feel the tendons behind your knee. The lateral tendon belongs to which hamstring muscle? _______________________________
biceps femoris
57
57. The tendon on the medial side is usually quite easy to feel, AND you can usually follow it superiorly for quite a ways up. This is the prominent tendon of the semitendinosous muscle. What hamstring muscle is just deep to the semitendinosous (on the same medial side of the posterior leg)? _________________________
semimembranosus
58
58. If you want to tone your inner most thigh area, you might target the _________________ muscle.
gracilis
59
59. Where do you think the tibialis anterior is? _________________________________________
on the front (anterior) surface of the tibia
60
60. The tibialis anterior has two actions. Name them. ___________________________________
flexion at ankle, inversion of foot
61
61. Choose one: The fibularis longus is (medial / lateral) to the tibialis anterior? (How do you know? Think about where the tibia bone is relative to the fibula, right????)
lateral
62
62. Choose one: Now that you?ve remembered where those lower leg bones are, think about the actions of inversion and eversion of the foot. Inversion of the foot is the action of moving the (medial / lateral) edge of the sole superiorly. See page 258 of your text to review.
medial
63
63. Choose one: Sooooo, if you want to perform inversion, you must have to contract a lower leg muscle that is on the (medial / lateral) side of the leg. Which muscle might this be? _________________.
medial, tibialis anterior
64
64. Name the actions of the fibularis longus ________________________________. (This is another tricky one, because, first of all, the muscle sits at the lateral edge of the leg. AND, its crazy, long tendon runs behind the lateral malleolus AND UNDER the foot!!
extension at ankle, eversion of foot
65
65. Name the muscle: Origin is femoral condyles, insertion is the calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon. The primary action of this powerful, superficial muscle is extension at ankle (aka, plantar flexion, aka, going up on tip toes, or at least pointing the toes). ______________________________________
gastrocnemius
66
66. What muscle is deep to muscle in #65? _________________________________
soleus
67
67. True or False: The soleus muscle is an antagonist to the gastrocnemius.
false
68
68. True or False: The soleus muscle can synergize with the gastrocnemius to cause extension at the ankle.
TRUE
69
69. flexor digitorum longus
flexes the little toes, visible from a posterior view of leg
70
70. flexor hallucius longus
flexes the big toe, visible from a posterior view of leg
71
71. extensor digitorum longus
extends little toes
72
72. extensor hallucius longus
extends big toe
73
Name the large, most superficial muscle of the upper back/thorax
Trapezius
