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Biology 241 > muscles - for merge > Flashcards

muscles - for merge Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  1. Name the muscle of the head that lifts the eyebrows and wrinkles the brow (as in when you look ?surprised?)
A
  1. frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis
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2
Q
  1. What is the origin of occipitofrontalis?
A
  1. epicranial aponeurosis
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3
Q
  1. What is the insertion of epicranius
A
  1. skin of eyebrow
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4
Q
  1. Name the muscle you contract when you draw your eyebrows together (as in frowning/looking mad)
A
  1. corrugator supercilii
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5
Q
  1. Name the muscle you use to close your eyes
A
  1. orbicularis oculi
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6
Q
  1. Name the muscle you use to close your lips (as in preparing for a closed-mouth kiss)
A
  1. orbicularis oris
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7
Q
  1. To lift your upper lip, as in a snarl, or look of disgust you would contract the
A
  1. levator labii superioris
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8
Q
  1. The zygomaticus is sometimes called ?the smiling? muscle. Where must it insert?
A
  1. corners of mouth
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9
Q
  1. Where is the epicranial aponeurosis? What is it made of?
A
  1. top of head; dense regular CT (lots of collagen fibers)
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10
Q
  1. What two muscles (or two bellies) are attached to the epicranial aponeurosis?
A
  1. frontal, occipital bellies
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11
Q
  1. What ONE of these two muscles, frontal or occipital bellies, originates at the epicranial aponeurosis?
A
  1. frontal
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12
Q
  1. On what cranial bone can you find the nuchal line?
A
  1. occipital
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13
Q
  1. What muscle originates on the zygomatic arch and inserts on the lateral ramus of the mandible?
A
  1. masseter
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14
Q
  1. What is the action of masseter?
A
  1. elevate mandible
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15
Q
  1. What muscle (on your list) depresses the mandible and participates in swallowing?
A
  1. digastric
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16
Q
  1. Choose one: The sternocleidomastoid is a major head (neck) (flexor / extensor). The two bellies of this muscle have different origins but share an insertion. Name the 2 origins. Name the one insertion site.
A
  1. flexor (should read as ?major NECK flexor)
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17
Q
  1. Where is the splenius capitus?
A
  1. posterior surface of neck
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18
Q
  1. Remember that there are two splenius capitus muscles (one on each side of the body). What action occurs when both contract simultaneously? What occurs when only the left splenius capitus contracts?
A
  1. extension at the neck; rotates, lateral flexion at neck to left side
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19
Q
  1. By just looking at a model or drawing, how could you differentiate the external obliques from the internal obliques, from the transverse abdominus, and rectus abdominus?
A
  1. direction of fibers: external fibers run at an angle toward midline (like fingers in pockets), internal fibers run at a 90 degree angle to externals, transverse fibers run horizontally, toward center, and rectus fibers run vertically, towards ribs and xiphoid (from pubis symphysis)
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20
Q
  1. Which of the above abdominal muscles is the most superficial?
A
  1. external obliques
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21
Q
  1. Which muscle looks like a serrated knife edge (jagged)?
A
  1. serratus anterior
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22
Q
  1. Circle one: Because the rhomboid major inserts along the entire medial edge of the scapula, contraction should (retract / protract) the shoulder. (Retract is to ?pull shoulders back?, protract is to ?roll shoulders forward/hunch forward?).
A

Retract

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23
Q
  1. What is the approximate insertion site of the latissimus dorsi?
A

Intertubular groove of humerus

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24
Q
  1. Choose one: The latissimus dorsi is a prime mover of the arm. At the shoulder it causes (extension/ flexion) and (adduction / abduction). (Realize that the arm is moving!)
A

Extension, adduction

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25
Q
  1. True or False: You will find the bulk of the supraspinatus (and its orgin site) residing in the supraspinous fossa of the scapula.
A

True

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26
Q
  1. True or False: The infraspinatus muscle is (for the most part) on the posterior side of the scapula.
A
  1. true
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27
Q
  1. True or False: The subscapularis muscle is on the anterior side of the scapula. When contracted, it causes medial rotation of the shoulder.
A
  1. true
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28
Q
  1. Name the muscle: This muscle creates the ?roundedness? of the shoulder, when contracted causes arm abduction. _________________________.
A

Deltoid

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29
Q
  1. For both heads of the biceps brachii, where is the insertion site? __________________________
A

Radial tuberosity

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30
Q
  1. What action does the biceps brachii cause? _________________________
A

Flexion at elbow

31
Q
  1. Name the muscle: This is a strong muscle that is immediately deep to the biceps brachii on the distal humerus ______________________________. Note: This muscle could be considered a synergist of the biceps brachii (in that it assists, or adds to the action of the biceps brachii).
A

Brachialis

32
Q
  1. Name the muscle: A superficial muscle of the lateral forearm, often visible in both anterior and posterior views of the arm ______________________________. Can you visualize this muscle causing supination of the forearm, as well as flexion at the elbow?
A

brachioradialis

33
Q
  1. Name the muscle: A three-headed muscle, the only muscle of the posterior upper arm ________________________________.
A

Triceps brachii

34
Q
  1. For the triceps brachii, Name the origin of ONE of its three heads ___________________
A

Origins: superior/lateral region of humerus, or posterior surface of humers, etc.

35
Q
  1. For the triceps brachii, name the insertion site of all three heads __________________________.
A

Insertion: olecranon of ulna

36
Q
  1. Choose one: When this muscle contracts it causes (extension / flexion) at the elbow.
A

extension

37
Q
  1. Choose one: For the lower arm, flexors are found on the (anterior / posterior) surface. Extensors are found on the (anterior / posterior) surface.
A

anterior; posterior

38
Q
  1. flexor carpi radialis
A

flexion at wrist, runs diagonally across anterior forearm

39
Q
  1. flexor carpi ulnaris
A

. flexion at wrist, found at medial edge of anterior forearm

40
Q
  1. flexor digitorum superficials
A

flexion at base of fingers (think of fingers as ?digits?)

41
Q
  1. flexor pollicis longus
A

flexion at joints of the thumb (the thumb is the pollex!)

42
Q
  1. extensor carpi radialis longus
A

A. extends wrist, in posterior view this muscle runs along the lateral edge of posterior forearm

43
Q
  1. extensor carpi ulnaris
A

B. extends wrist, most medial of extensors

44
Q
  1. extensor digitorum
A

C. finger extension

45
Q
  1. extensor pollicis longus
A

D. abducts, extends thumb

46
Q
  1. The iliacus and psoas major are major muscles that move the thigh (cause motion at the hip joint). The iliacus originates up high on the anterior surface of the ilium and inserts on the femur, near the lesser trochanter. The psoas major originates on the anterior surface of the transverse process of the lower vertebrae and inserts at the lesser trochanter of the femur. When these two muscles contract, what action must they cause? ____________________________________ In this motion, does the femur get pulled up and forward, or back?
A

flexion at hip

47
Q
  1. True or False: The gluteus maximus causes extension and lateral rotation at the hip.
A

true

48
Q
  1. True or False: The gluteus medius is a synergist of the gluteus maximus, as it also causes extension and lateral rotation at the hip.
A

false. The gluteus medius causes abduction and medial rotation

49
Q
  1. True or False: In terms of rotation at the hip, the gluteus medius could be considered an antagonist of the gluteus maximus.
A

true

50
Q
  1. The adductor longus runs from near the pubis symphysis to its insertion site along the back length of the femur. If you had to take a wild guess, what is one of the major actions of the adductor longus? ____________________________________
A

adduction at hip (of leg)

51
Q
  1. The sartorius is a funky muscle! It is draped across our upper leg from lateral to medial and causes a few different actions. It participates in flexion of the knee, as well lateral rotation at the hip. Name its origin and insertion _____________________________________________
A

Origin= anterior superior iliac spine, Insertion= medial surface of tibia (upper portion)

52
Q
  1. List the four knee extensors!! _____________________________________________
A

rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis

53
Q
  1. Where do all of the knee extensors insert? ___________________________________
A

tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament)

54
Q
  1. Of the four knee extensors, which is the most medial? _________________ The most lateral? ________________? The deepest? _______________________________
A

vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius

55
Q
  1. List the three hamstrings (flexors of the knee) __________________________________________
A

biceps femoris, semitendenosus, semimembranosus

56
Q
  1. Feel the tendons behind your knee. The lateral tendon belongs to which hamstring muscle? _______________________________
A

biceps femoris

57
Q
  1. The tendon on the medial side is usually quite easy to feel, AND you can usually follow it superiorly for quite a ways up. This is the prominent tendon of the semitendinosous muscle. What hamstring muscle is just deep to the semitendinosous (on the same medial side of the posterior leg)? _________________________
A

semimembranosus

58
Q
  1. If you want to tone your inner most thigh area, you might target the _________________ muscle.
A

gracilis

59
Q
  1. Where do you think the tibialis anterior is? _________________________________________
A

on the front (anterior) surface of the tibia

60
Q
  1. The tibialis anterior has two actions. Name them. ___________________________________
A

flexion at ankle, inversion of foot

61
Q
  1. Choose one: The fibularis longus is (medial / lateral) to the tibialis anterior? (How do you know? Think about where the tibia bone is relative to the fibula, right????)
A

lateral

62
Q
  1. Choose one: Now that you?ve remembered where those lower leg bones are, think about the actions of inversion and eversion of the foot. Inversion of the foot is the action of moving the (medial / lateral) edge of the sole superiorly. See page 258 of your text to review.
A

medial

63
Q
  1. Choose one: Sooooo, if you want to perform inversion, you must have to contract a lower leg muscle that is on the (medial / lateral) side of the leg. Which muscle might this be? _________________.
A

medial, tibialis anterior

64
Q
  1. Name the actions of the fibularis longus ________________________________. (This is another tricky one, because, first of all, the muscle sits at the lateral edge of the leg. AND, its crazy, long tendon runs behind the lateral malleolus AND UNDER the foot!!
A

extension at ankle, eversion of foot

65
Q
  1. Name the muscle: Origin is femoral condyles, insertion is the calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon. The primary action of this powerful, superficial muscle is extension at ankle (aka, plantar flexion, aka, going up on tip toes, or at least pointing the toes). ______________________________________
A

gastrocnemius

66
Q
  1. What muscle is deep to muscle in #65? _________________________________
A

soleus

67
Q
  1. True or False: The soleus muscle is an antagonist to the gastrocnemius.
A

false

68
Q
  1. True or False: The soleus muscle can synergize with the gastrocnemius to cause extension at the ankle.
A

TRUE

69
Q
  1. flexor digitorum longus
A

flexes the little toes, visible from a posterior view of leg

70
Q
  1. flexor hallucius longus
A

flexes the big toe, visible from a posterior view of leg

71
Q
  1. extensor digitorum longus
A

extends little toes

72
Q
  1. extensor hallucius longus
A

extends big toe

73
Q

Name the large, most superficial muscle of the upper back/thorax

A

Trapezius

Biology 241 (6 decks)

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