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Biology 241 > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Function of joints

A

permit movements and transfer a load between bones

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2
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Bones are joined by fibrous tissue, and the amount of movement allowed depends on the length of the CT fibers uniting bone No joint cavity is present Most are immovable Would these be strong joints? Three types: sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

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3
Q

Sutures

A

the irregular edges of the bones interlock and are united by very short connective tissue fibers

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4
Q

Syndesmoses

A

articulating bones are connected by short ligaments of dense fiberous tissues

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5
Q

Gomphoses

A

tooth is secured by a periodontal ligament

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6
Q

synovial joints

A

Articulating bones are separated by a fluid-containing joint cavity Arrangement permits much freedom of movement (diarthrosis)

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7
Q

Articulate cartilage

A

Made of hyaline

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8
Q

Articular capsule

A

A sleeve of connective tissue

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9
Q
A

synovial joint

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10
Q

6 features of synovial joints

A

Articular cartilage
Joint cavity
Articular (joint) capsule
Outer, fibrous capsule
Inner, synovial membrane
Synovial fluid
Reinforcing ligaments
Nerve and blood vessels

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11
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

joints united by cartilage, no joint cavity

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12
Q

Synchondroses

A

hyaline cartilage unites bones

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13
Q

symphyses

A

articulating surfaces of bones have articular cartilage fused to fibrocartilage

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14
Q

functions of synovial fluid

A

Lubrication
- Cells of articular cartilage are like sponges filled with synovial fluid
Shock absorption
Defense- Phagocytic cells
Nutrient distribution****
- Cells (chondrocytes) of articular cartilage

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15
Q

joint capsule

A

The outer layer is a fibrous layer of dense irregular connective tissue.
Continuous with periosteum; unites the bones
Tightness of capsule varies

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16
Q

accesories of synovial joints

A

Fatty pads, menisci
Associated with synovial joints- bursae, tendon sheaths, labrum

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17
Q

Gliding

A

one flat surface of a bone slips past another flat surface
A very small amount of movement!
Intercarpal & intertarsal joints, btwn articular processes of vertebrae

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18
Q

angular movements

A

increase or decrease the angle between two bones

19
Q

rotation

A

turning of a bone around its own long axis
Only movement allowed between C1 and C2
Seen at femur, humerus

20
Q

flexion

A

reduces the angle of the joint and brings bones closer together

21
Q

extension

A

increases the angle between articulating bones

22
Q

hyperextension

A

extensions past anatomical position

23
Q

abduction

A

movement away from midline

24
Q

adduction

A

movement of a bodypart toward the midline

25
Q

circumduction

A

movement of a limb so it “draws” a cone in space

26
Q

medial rotation

A

rotation towards the midline

27
Q

lateral rotation

A

rotation away from the midline

28
Q

supination/pronation

A

movements of radius around ulna
To move palm of hand anteriorly, or posteriorly

29
Q

Elevation/Depression

A

lifting a body part superiorly versus inferiorly
Shrugging shoulders

30
Q

Protraction/Retraction

A

faking an underbite versus faking an overbite, sort of

31
Q

Plantar flexion/Dorsiflexion

A

lifting foot so superior surface approaches shin, or the opposite motion
Digging in heels versus pointing toe, “tip toe”

32
Q

synovial fluid

A

viscous egg-white consistency due to hyaluronic acid secreted by cells in the synovial membrane

33
Q

bursae

A

flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane and conntaining a thin film of synovial fluid

34
Q

tendon sheath

A

elongated bursa that wraps completely around a tendon subjected to friction

35
Q

sprain

A

the ligaments reinforcing a joint are stretched or torn

36
Q

dislocation

A

bones are forced out of alignment

37
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa and is usually caused by a blow or friction

38
Q

tendonitis

A

inflammation fo tendon sheaths

39
Q

arthritis

A

inflammatory or degenerative diseases that damage the joints

40
Q

osteoarthritis

A

wear and tear arthritis

41
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

a chronic inflammatory disorder with an insidious onset

42
Q

gouty arthritis

A

urate crystals deposited in the soft tissues of joints, often the base of the great toe, normally in males

43
Q

pannus

A

an abnormal tissue that clings to the articular cartilages

44
Q
A

Biology 241 (6 decks)

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