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Biology 241 > chp10 > Flashcards

chp10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Frontal

A

Forehead bone

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2
Q

Zygomatic

A

Cheekbone

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3
Q

Mandible

A

Lower jaw bone

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4
Q

Nasals

A

Bridge of nose

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5
Q

Palatines

A

Posterior part of hard plate

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6
Q

Parietals

A

Much of the lateral and superior cranium

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7
Q

Occipital

A

Most posterior part of cranium

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8
Q

Sphenoid

A

Single, irregular, bat- shaped bone, forming part of the cranial floor

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9
Q

Lacrimals

A

Tiny bones, bearing tear ducts

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10
Q

Maxillae

A

Anterior part of hard plate

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11
Q

Ethmoid

A

Superior and middle nasal conchae formed from its projections

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12
Q

Temporals

A

Site of mastoid process

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13
Q

Sphenoid

A

Site of sella turcica

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14
Q

Ethmoid

A

Site of cribriform plate

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15
Q

Mandible

A

Site of mental foremen

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16
Q

Temporals

A

Site of styloid process

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17
Q

Ethmoid, Frontal, Maxillae, Sphenoid

A

Four bones, containing paranasal sinuses

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18
Q

Occipital

A

condyles articulate with the atlas

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19
Q

Occipital

A

Foramen magnum contained here

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20
Q

hyoid

A

small U-shaped bone in neck, where many tongue muscles attach

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21
Q

Temporals

A

Middle ear found here

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22
Q

Vomer

A

Nasal septum

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23
Q

Ethmoid

A

Bears an upward protrusion, the “ cock’s comb”, or crista galli

24
Q

mandible, maxilla

A

contain alveoli bearing teeth

25
Q

Define suture

A

All but one of the bones of the skull are joined by interlocking joints.

26
Q

With one exception, the skull bones are joined by sutures. Name the exception.

A

With the exception of 2 paired bones (the parietal and temporal), are all single bones.

27
Q

What bones are connected by the lambdoid suture?

A

connects the parietal and temporal bones with the occipital bone

28
Q

What bones are connected by the squamous suture?

A

temporal and parietal bones on each side of the skull.

29
Q

Name the eight bones composing the cranium.

A

frontal bone, 2 parietal bones, 2 temporal bones, occipital bone, sphenoid, ethmoid

30
Q

Give two possible functions of the sinuses:

A

They lighten the facial bones and act as resonance chambers for speech.

31
Q

What is the orbit?

A

Eye Socket

32
Q

What bones contribute to the formation of the orbit?

A

Frontal bone, maxilla, lacrimal, ethnoid, sphenoid, palatine, zygomatic.

33
Q

Why can the sphenoid bone be called the keystone of the cranial floor?

A

Since it is in contact with all of the other cranial bones.

34
Q

cervical vertebra - typical

A

vertebral type containing foramina in the transverse processes, through which the vertebral arteries ascend to reach the brain

35
Q

axis

A

dens here provides a pivot for rotation of the first cervical vertebra (C1)

36
Q

thoracic vertebra

A

transverse processes faceted for articulation with ribs, spinous process pointing sharply downward

37
Q

sacrum

A

composite bone, articulates with the hip bone laterally

38
Q

lumbar vertebra

A

massive vertebrae, weight sustaining

39
Q

coccyx

A

“tail bone:; vestigial fused vertebrae

40
Q

atlas

A

supports the head; allows a rocking motion in the conjunction with the occipital condyles

41
Q

vertebral foramen

A

cavity enclosing the spinal cord

42
Q

body

A

weight bearing portion of the vertebra

43
Q

spinous process & transverse process

A

provide levers against which muscles pull

44
Q

body & transverse process

A

provides an articulation point for the ribs

45
Q

intervertebral foramina

A

openings providing for exit of spinal nerves

46
Q

body & vertebral arch

A

structures that form an enclosure for the spinal cord

47
Q

Describe how a spinal nerve exits from the vertebral column.

A

Spinal nerves ( motor axons) exit the vertebral column via the ventral root (where they synapse on motor neuron ganglia ) then the ventral horn. Sensory nerves enter the spinal cord via the dorsal horn, synapse on the dorsal ganglia and enter the spinal cord.

48
Q

name two factors/structures that permit flexibility of the vertebral column

A

discs and the S-shaped of the vertebral column prevent shock to the head in walking and running and provide flexibility to the body trunk

49
Q

What kind of tissue compose the intervertebral discs?

A

fibrocartilage

50
Q

What is a herniated disc? What problems might it cause?

A

a disc in which the nucleus puposus herniates through the annulus;

51
Q

Which two spinal curvatures are observed at birth?

A

The two primary curvatures that we’re born with are the concave forward curvatures in the thoracic and sacral spines.

52
Q

Under what conditions do the secondary curvatures develop?

A

The “secondary” curvatures, the compensatory curvatures, occur with normal development. (Normal development is the condition under which they occur) These are the cervical curvature, which develops first with infant head lifting and the lumbar curvature, which develops next sitting up. These curvatures prepare the spine for ambulation.

53
Q

The major bony components of the thorax (excluding the vertebral column) are the ___________ and the _______________.

A

ribs and sternum

54
Q

Differentiate between a true rib and a false rib.

A

a true rib is attached to cartilage that directly articulates with the sternum

55
Q

Is a floating rib a true or false rib?

A

A free floating rib is neither a true or false rib. Ribs 1-7 are considered “true” ribs because they are directly attached to the sternum by individual coastal cartilages. Ribs 8-10 are considered “false” ribs because they are indirectly attached to the sternum by a common coastal cartilage. Ribs 11 and 12 are considered “free floating” because they are neither directly or indirectly attached to the sternum. Instead, they end in posterior abdominal musculature. They are still capped with cartilage though

56
Q

What is the general shape of the thoracic cage?

A

cone-shaped

Biology 241 (6 decks)

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