chp10 Flashcards
1
Q
Frontal
A
Forehead bone
2
Q
Zygomatic
A
Cheekbone
3
Q
Mandible
A
Lower jaw bone
4
Q
Nasals
A
Bridge of nose
5
Q
Palatines
A
Posterior part of hard plate
6
Q
Parietals
A
Much of the lateral and superior cranium
7
Q
Occipital
A
Most posterior part of cranium
8
Q
Sphenoid
A
Single, irregular, bat- shaped bone, forming part of the cranial floor
9
Q
Lacrimals
A
Tiny bones, bearing tear ducts
10
Q
Maxillae
A
Anterior part of hard plate
11
Q
Ethmoid
A
Superior and middle nasal conchae formed from its projections
12
Q
Temporals
A
Site of mastoid process
13
Q
Sphenoid
A
Site of sella turcica
14
Q
Ethmoid
A
Site of cribriform plate
15
Q
Mandible
A
Site of mental foremen
16
Q
Temporals
A
Site of styloid process
17
Q
Ethmoid, Frontal, Maxillae, Sphenoid
A
Four bones, containing paranasal sinuses
18
Q
Occipital
A
condyles articulate with the atlas
19
Q
Occipital
A
Foramen magnum contained here
20
Q
hyoid
A
small U-shaped bone in neck, where many tongue muscles attach
21
Q
Temporals
A
Middle ear found here
22
Q
Vomer
A
Nasal septum
23
Q
Ethmoid
A
Bears an upward protrusion, the “ cock’s comb”, or crista galli
24
Q
mandible, maxilla
A
contain alveoli bearing teeth
25
Define suture
All but one of the bones of the skull are joined by interlocking joints.
26
With one exception, the skull bones are joined by sutures. Name the exception.
With the exception of 2 paired bones (the parietal and temporal), are all single bones.
27
What bones are connected by the lambdoid suture?
connects the parietal and temporal bones with the occipital bone
28
What bones are connected by the squamous suture?
temporal and parietal bones on each side of the skull.
29
Name the eight bones composing the cranium.
frontal bone, 2 parietal bones, 2 temporal bones, occipital bone, sphenoid, ethmoid
30
Give two possible functions of the sinuses:
They lighten the facial bones and act as resonance chambers for speech.
31
What is the orbit?
Eye Socket
32
What bones contribute to the formation of the orbit?
Frontal bone, maxilla, lacrimal, ethnoid, sphenoid, palatine, zygomatic.
33
Why can the sphenoid bone be called the keystone of the cranial floor?
Since it is in contact with all of the other cranial bones.
34
cervical vertebra - typical
vertebral type containing foramina in the transverse processes, through which the vertebral arteries ascend to reach the brain
35
axis
dens here provides a pivot for rotation of the first cervical vertebra (C1)
36
thoracic vertebra
transverse processes faceted for articulation with ribs, spinous process pointing sharply downward
37
sacrum
composite bone, articulates with the hip bone laterally
38
lumbar vertebra
massive vertebrae, weight sustaining
39
coccyx
"tail bone:; vestigial fused vertebrae
40
atlas
supports the head; allows a rocking motion in the conjunction with the occipital condyles
41
vertebral foramen
cavity enclosing the spinal cord
42
body
weight bearing portion of the vertebra
43
spinous process & transverse process
provide levers against which muscles pull
44
body & transverse process
provides an articulation point for the ribs
45
intervertebral foramina
openings providing for exit of spinal nerves
46
body & vertebral arch
structures that form an enclosure for the spinal cord
47
Describe how a spinal nerve exits from the vertebral column.
Spinal nerves ( motor axons) exit the vertebral column via the ventral root (where they synapse on motor neuron ganglia ) then the ventral horn. Sensory nerves enter the spinal cord via the dorsal horn, synapse on the dorsal ganglia and enter the spinal cord.
48
name two factors/structures that permit flexibility of the vertebral column
discs and the S-shaped of the vertebral column prevent shock to the head in walking and running and provide flexibility to the body trunk
49
What kind of tissue compose the intervertebral discs?
fibrocartilage
50
What is a herniated disc? What problems might it cause?
a disc in which the nucleus puposus herniates through the annulus;
51
Which two spinal curvatures are observed at birth?
The two primary curvatures that we're born with are the concave forward curvatures in the thoracic and sacral spines.
52
Under what conditions do the secondary curvatures develop?
The "secondary" curvatures, the compensatory curvatures, occur with normal development. (Normal development is the condition under which they occur) These are the cervical curvature, which develops first with infant head lifting and the lumbar curvature, which develops next sitting up. These curvatures prepare the spine for ambulation.
53
The major bony components of the thorax (excluding the vertebral column) are the ___________ and the _______________.
ribs and sternum
54
Differentiate between a true rib and a false rib.
a true rib is attached to cartilage that directly articulates with the sternum
55
Is a floating rib a true or false rib?
A free floating rib is neither a true or false rib. Ribs 1-7 are considered "true" ribs because they are directly attached to the sternum by individual coastal cartilages. Ribs 8-10 are considered "false" ribs because they are indirectly attached to the sternum by a common coastal cartilage. Ribs 11 and 12 are considered "free floating" because they are neither directly or indirectly attached to the sternum. Instead, they end in posterior abdominal musculature. They are still capped with cartilage though
56
What is the general shape of the thoracic cage?
cone-shaped
