Muscles, Bones, And Joints Video

Question 1

Normal Resting Length and do all muscles have one?

Answer 1

How long the muscle is when not contracting/in a resting state.

All skeletal muscles, have a normal resting length

Question 2

True or false: muscles are like rubber bands due to their elasticity. They cannot extend on their own.

Answer 2

True. Either another group of muscles or an outside force hast to pull on that muscle for it to become longer.

Question 3

Elasticity vs extend ability

Answer 3

Elasticity: ability to revert back to original form
Extend ability: ability to be stretched out

Question 4

Motor nerves and what happens to the muscle when these nerves are stimulated?

Bonus: can muscles push a bone?

Answer 4

A nerve that tells a muscle to contract.

Both ends of the muscle (tendons) try to move toward the middle of the muscle (belly of the muscle)

bonus: muscles can only pull on bones and other tissues, not push

Question 5

Isometric contraction

Bonus: what does iso- mean?

Answer 5

If the opposing force is equal to the force of the muscle, the muscle will not shorten, but will remain the same length, even though it is trying to shorten. While the length of the muscle does not change, the tension in the muscle does change; it increases.

Iso means equal, “equal metric, equal length”

Question 6

Concentric isotonic contraction

Bonus: what does isotonic mean and what is the other type?

Answer 6

When a muscle shortens during its contraction. If the muscle generates more force, then the opposing force, then the muscle will shorten, with one or both ends of the muscle, moving towards the middle of the muscle.

Bonus: the muscle has the same tension, but changes lengths (concentric = shorter, eccentric = longer)

Question 7

Origin of the muscle

Answer 7

The end of a muscle that usually remains fixed in place

Question 8

Insertion

Answer 8

The end of the muscle that normally moves

Question 9

Eccentric isotonic contraction (sometimes called a breaking or negative contraction.)

Answer 9

If the opposing force generates more force than the muscle can generate, then the muscle will lengthen.

Ways the muscles can move: either one of the ends, or both of the ends can move away from the center

Question 10

Antagonist muscle vs Agonist muscle

How do these types of muscles work together?

Answer 10

Agonist: the muscle that is performing the primary movement

Antagonist: the opposite muscle, that performs an action or movement, that is opposite to the primary

As the agonist muscle or muscle groups, shorten, the antagonist muscle, or muscle groups, lengthen and vice versa

Question 11

Chronic muscle contraction

Answer 11

If a muscle cannot return to its normal, resting length, then resides in a state of chronic contraction. Numerous undesirable consequences can result.

Question 12

Bony markings/landmarks

Answer 12

Places on bones, where muscles, tendons, and ligaments, attach, and where nerves and blood vessels pass

Question 13

A projection corner of a bone is known as…

Answer 13

an angle (mandibular angle)

Question 14

Border of a bone 

Answer 14

A linear ridge of a bone, often its edge. Examples: medial and lateral border of the scapula.

Question 15

Condyle

Answer 15

Rounded prominence at the end of a bone Example: occipital condyles and the femoral condyles

Question 16

Crest of a bone

Answer 16

A ridge or linear elevation on a bone. Example: iliac crest and pubic crest.

Question 17

Epicondyle

Answer 17

An enlargement, near, or above a condyle. example epicondyle of the humerus and epicondyle of the femur

Question 18

Head of a bone

Answer 18

And enlarged and rounded end of a bone. Example: femoral head and fibular head. 

Question 19

Line of a bone

Answer 19

A narrow ridge on a bone, and is less prominent than a crest. Example: nuchal line and gluteal line.

Question 20

Process of a bone

Answer 20

A prominent projection or prolongation from a bone. (Like a nubby cone shaped part of the bone)

Example: styloid process, and Olecranon process.

Question 21

Protuberance

Answer 21

A knob like protrusion from a bone. Example: occipital protrusion.

Question 22

Ramus

Answer 22

A long, branch, like prolongation of a bone example: pubic ramus and mandibular ramus

Question 23

Ridge

Answer 23

An elongated projection of a bone. Example supracondylar ridge.

Question 24

Spine

Answer 24

A sharp, slender projection from a bone example: scapular spine, and iliac spine

Question 25

Trochanter

Answer 25

A large, rounded projection, found only on the femur. Example: greater trough, Chander and lesser trochanter. 

Question 26

Tuberosity

Answer 26

A large and rounded, or roughened projection on a bone. Example: deltoid, tuberosity and ischial tuberosity.

Question 27

Foramen

Answer 27

An opening through a bone and usually serves as a passageway for blood vessels, nurse, or ligaments. Examples: obturator foreman, and foreman magnum.

Question 28

Facet

Answer 28

A small, flattened, shallow, depression, articulating with another bone. Example: vertebral facets.

Question 29

Fossa

Answer 29

A shallow depression example: subscapular fossa, and iliac fossa

Question 30

Groove

Answer 30

A linear depression, accommodating another structure. Example: intertunercular groove and laminar groove.

Question 31

Notch

Answer 31

A deep indentation or narrow gap in bone. Example: radical notch, and Sciatic notch.

Question 32

Sinus

Answer 32

A cavity or hollow space in a bone. Example: frontal, sinus and maxillary sinus.

Question 33

Joint

Answer 33

Where two or more bones come together, or join. Other terms for joints are articulation and arthrosis. (arthro-means joint).