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Biol 430 > Muscles and Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscles and Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Contraction

A

To shorten or develop tension, an ability highly developed ing muscle cells

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2
Q

Synaptic Vesicles

A

Small membranous sacs containing neruotransmitters

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3
Q

Contractility

A

Muscle cell’s ability to move by shortening

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4
Q

Fascicle

A

Bundle of nerve or muscle fibers bound together by connective tissue

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5
Q

Glycolysis

A

Breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid-an anaerobic process

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6
Q

Muscle tone

A

Low levels of contractile activity in relaxed muscle’ Keeps the muscle healthy and ready to act

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7
Q

Neuromuscular Junction (motor end plate)

A

Region where a motor neuron comes into close contact with a skeletal muscle cell

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8
Q

Anaerobic threshold

A

The point at which muscle metabolism converts to anaerobic glycolysis

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9
Q

Myoglobin

A

Oxygen-binding pigment in muscle

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10
Q

Stressor

A

Any stimulus that directly or indirectly causes the hypothalamus to initiate stress-reducing reponses, such as the fight-or-flight response

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11
Q

Sarcomere

A

The smallest contractile unit of muscle; extends form one Z disc to the next

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12
Q

Myofibril

A

Rodlike bundle of contractile filaments found in muscle fibers (cells)

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13
Q

Perimysium

A

Connective tissue that bundles muscle fibers into fascicles

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14
Q

Excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling

A

Sequence of events by which transmission of an action potential along the sarcolemma leads to the sliding of myofilaments

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15
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

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16
Q

Actin

A

A contractile protein of muscle

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17
Q

Endomysium

A

Thin connective tissue surrounding each muscle cell

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18
Q

Muscle fiber

A

A muscle cell

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19
Q

Latent period

A

Period of time between stimulation and the onset of muscle contraction

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20
Q

Creatine Kinase

A

Enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate from creatine phosphate to ADP, forming creating and TAP, Important in muscle contraction

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21
Q

Myosin

A

One of the principal contractile proteins found in muscle

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22
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation

A

Process of ATP synthesis during which an inorganic phosphate group attached to ADP; occurs via the electron transport chain within the mitochondria

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23
Q

Aerobic endurance

A

The length of time a muscle can continue to contract using aerobic pathways

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24
Q

Graded Muscle response

A

Variations in the degree of muscle contraction by changing either the frequency or strength of the stimulus

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25
Sarcolemma
The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber
26
Polypeptide
A chain of amino acids
27
Aponeurosis
Fibrous or membranous sheets connecting a muscle and the part it moves
28
Smooth muscle
Spindle-shaped cells with one centrally located nucleus and no externally visible striation (bands). Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs
29
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
Enzyme present at the neuromuscular junction and synapses that degrades acetylcholine and terminates its action
30
Myofilament
Filament that constitutes myofibrils. Of two types: Actin and Myosin
31
Muscle Tension
The force exerted by a contracting muscle on some object
32
Cardiac muscle
Specialized muscle of the heart
33
Tetanus
A smooth, sustained muscle contraction resulting form high frequency stimulation; an infectious disease caused by an anaerobic bacterium
34
Insertion
Movable attachment of a muscle
35
Threshold stimulus
Weakest stimulus capable of producing a reaponse in an excitable tissue
36
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Chemical transmitter substance released by some nerve endings
37
Synaptic cleft
Fluid-filled space at a synapse
38
Peristalsis
Progressive, wavelike contractions that move foodstuffs through the alimentary tube organs (or that move other substances through other hollow body organs)
39
Motor unit
A motor neuron and all the muscle cells it stimulates
40
Excitability
Ability to respond to stimuli
41
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)
Specialized endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells
42
Isotonic Contraction
Contraction in which muscle tension remains constant at a given load, and the muscle shortens
43
Skeletal muscles
Muscle composed of cylindrical multinucleate cells with obvious striations; The muscle attached to the body's skeleton; voluntary muscle
44
Muscle twitch
The response of a muscle to a single brief threshold stimulus
45
Epimysium
Sheath of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a muscle
46
Tendon
Cord of dense regular connective tissue attaching muscle to bone
47
Myogram
A graphic recording of mechanical contractile activity produced by an apparatus that measures muscle contration
48
Resistance exercise
High-intensity exercise in which the muscles are pitted against high resistance or immovable forces and, as a result, muscle cells increase in size
49
Creatine phosphate (CP)
?
50
To shorten or develop tension, an ability highly developed ing muscle cells
Contraction
51
Small membranous sacs containing neruotransmitters
Synaptic Vesicles
52
Muscle cell's ability to move by shortening
Contractility
53
Bundle of nerve or muscle fibers bound together by connective tissue
Fascicle
54
Breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid-an anaerobic process
Glycolysis
55
Low levels of contractile activity in relaxed muscle' Keeps the muscle healthy and ready to act
Muscle tone
56
Region where a motor neuron comes into close contact with a skeletal muscle cell
Neuromuscular Junction (motor end plate)
57
The point at which muscle metabolism converts to anaerobic glycolysis
Anaerobic threshold
58
Oxygen-binding pigment in muscle
Myoglobin
59
Any stimulus that directly or indirectly causes the hypothalamus to initiate stress-reducing reponses, such as the fight-or-flight response
Stressor
60
The smallest contractile unit of muscle; extends form one Z disc to the next
Sarcomere
61
Rodlike bundle of contractile filaments found in muscle fibers (cells)
Myofibril
62
Connective tissue that bundles muscle fibers into fascicles
Perimysium
63
Sequence of events by which transmission of an action potential along the sarcolemma leads to the sliding of myofilaments
Excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling
64
The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
Sarcoplasm
65
A contractile protein of muscle
Actin
66
Thin connective tissue surrounding each muscle cell
Endomysium
67
A muscle cell
Muscle fiber
68
Period of time between stimulation and the onset of muscle contraction
Latent period
69
Enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate from creatine phosphate to ADP, forming creating and TAP, Important in muscle contraction
Creatine Kinase
70
One of the principal contractile proteins found in muscle
Myosin
71
Process of ATP synthesis during which an inorganic phosphate group attached to ADP; occurs via the electron transport chain within the mitochondria
Oxidative phosphorylation
72
The length of time a muscle can continue to contract using aerobic pathways
Aerobic endurance
73
Variations in the degree of muscle contraction by changing either the frequency or strength of the stimulus
Graded Muscle response
74
The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber
Sarcolemma
75
A chain of amino acids
Polypeptide
76
Fibrous or membranous sheets connecting a muscle and the part it moves
Aponeurosis
77
Spindle-shaped cells with one centrally located nucleus and no externally visible striation (bands). Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs
Smooth muscle
78
Enzyme present at the neuromuscular junction and synapses that degrades acetylcholine and terminates its action
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
79
Filament that constitutes myofibrils. Of two types: Actin and Myosin
Myofilament
80
The force exerted by a contracting muscle on some object
Muscle Tension
81
Specialized muscle of the heart
Cardiac muscle
82
A smooth, sustained muscle contraction resulting form high frequency stimulation; an infectious disease caused by an anaerobic bacterium
Tetanus
83
Movable attachment of a muscle
Insertion
84
Weakest stimulus capable of producing a reaponse in an excitable tissue
Threshold stimulus
85
Chemical transmitter substance released by some nerve endings
Acetylcholine (ACh)
86
Fluid-filled space at a synapse
Synaptic cleft
87
Progressive, wavelike contractions that move foodstuffs through the alimentary tube organs (or that move other substances through other hollow body organs)
Peristalsis
88
A motor neuron and all the muscle cells it stimulates
Motor unit
89
Ability to respond to stimuli
Excitability
90
Specialized endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)
91
Contraction in which muscle tension remains constant at a given load, and the muscle shortens
Isotonic Contraction
92
Muscle composed of cylindrical multinucleate cells with obvious striations; The muscle attached to the body's skeleton; voluntary muscle
Skeletal muscles
93
The response of a muscle to a single brief threshold stimulus
Muscle twitch
94
Sheath of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a muscle
Epimysium
95
Cord of dense regular connective tissue attaching muscle to bone
Tendon
96
A graphic recording of mechanical contractile activity produced by an apparatus that measures muscle contration
Myogram
97
High-intensity exercise in which the muscles are pitted against high resistance or immovable forces and, as a result, muscle cells increase in size
Resistance exercise
98

Biol 430 (10 decks)

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