Chemistry

Question 1

Name 3 monosaccharides.

Answer 1

Glucose, Frutose and Galactose

Question 2

Name 3 Disaccharides.

Answer 2

Sucrose, Maltose and Lactose

Question 3

Which 2 monosaccharides compose each of the 3 disaccharides?

Answer 3

Sucrose = Glucose and Fructose
Maltose = Glucose and Glucose
Lactose = Glucose and Galactose

Question 4

What is the difference between GLUCOSE and GLYCOGEN?

Answer 4

Glucose is a single monosaccharide.

Glycogen is polysaccharide composed of multiple Glucose units.

Question 5

What is the general structure of a triglyceride molecule?

Answer 5

A Triglyceride contains a Glycogen and 3 Fatty Acids.

Question 6

Compare and contrast the structure of a triglyceride molecule with that of a phospholipid?

Answer 6

Triglyceride: Glycogen and 3 Fatty Acids

Phospholipid: Phosphate, Glycogen and 2 Fatty Acids

Question 7

Contrast Saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated acids in their structure.

Answer 7

Saturated FAs: contains all single bonds

Monounsaturated FAs: contains one double bond.

Polyunsaturated FAs: Contains two or more double bonds.

Question 8

What is the General Structure of Steroids?

Answer 8

4 interlocking hydrocarbon rings

Question 9

Name 2 important steroid hormones.

Answer 9

Estrogen and Testosterone

Question 10

What are the 4 main coponents of amino acid structure?

Answer 10

An Acid group, and Amine Group, a central carbon and an R group.

Question 11

What type of bond hold amino acids together?

Answer 11

Peptid bonds

Question 12

Describe an Enzymes

Answer 12

Lowers the energy of activation to speed up chemical reactions.

Question 13

Describe a cytoskeleton.

Answer 13

Protein fibers that provide cell integrity.

Question 14

Describe a Hormone.

Answer 14

Circulates in the blood; chemical messengers.

Question 15

Describe an Antibody.

Answer 15

Immunoglobulins; bind up pathogens

Question 16

Describe a Receptor.

Answer 16

receptors

Question 17

Describe a Skeletal Muscle.

Answer 17

Contains Actin (thin) / Myosin (thick) which slide past each other during contractions.

Question 18

Channels

Answer 18

Always open

Question 19

Transformers

Answer 19

Bind items may change conformation

Question 20

Pumps

Answer 20

“pump” molecules against their diffusion gradient. Usually enzymes (ATpase) are associated with pumps.

Question 21

Describe/define primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins.

Answer 21

Primary: a single-long polypeptide chains

Secondary: The polypeptide chains fold and begin to create an alpha helix and Beta sheets.

Tertiary: Alpha-Helices and/or Beta-sheets are folded up to form a compact globular molecule held together by intermolecular bonds.

Quaternary: Two or more polypeptide chains, each with its own tertiary structure combine to form a functional protein.