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Biol 430 > Anatomy Terms > Flashcards

Anatomy Terms Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Anatomical position?

A

Feet together, facing forward arms at side with palms up.

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2
Q

Name 3 plaines of the body.

A

Coronal/Frontal
Sagittal
Transverse

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3
Q

Identify movements made in the coronal plane.

A

Abduction and Adduction

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4
Q

Identify movements made in the sagittal plane.

A

Flexion and Extension

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5
Q

Anterior/posterior- which means more towards the frontside?

A 
Anterior = Forwards
Posterior = Backwards
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6
Q

Superior/inferior- which means more towards the feet?

A 
Superior = Higher/ Above
Inferior = Lower/Below
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7
Q

Medial/lateral- which means more towards the midline?

A 
Medial = Middle/Toward the midline
Lateral = Side/Away form the midline
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8
Q

Proximal/distal- which means closer to the point of trunk attachment.

A 
Proximal = Closer to 
Distal = Farther away
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9
Q

Superficial/deep- which means closer to the surface?

A 
Superficial = Near the surface
Deep = Farther form the surface
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10
Q

Which region is the head?

A

Cephalic

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11
Q

Which region is between the shoulder and elbow?

A

Brachial

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12
Q

Which region means “neck”?

A

Cervical

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13
Q

Which region is between the knee and ankle?

A

Crural (front) or Sural (calf)

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14
Q

Which region is between the elbow and wrist?

A

Antebrachial

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15
Q

Which cavity contains the heart and lungs?

A

Thoracic Cavity

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16
Q

Name the cavities that contain the brain and spinal cord.

A

Cranial and Vertebral Cavity

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17
Q

In the abdominal cavity, which side is the liver on, Left or Right?

A

Right

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18
Q

In the abdominal cavity, which side is the spleen on, Left or Right?

A

Left

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19
Q

Name the cavity that contains the urinary bladder.

A

Pelvic Cavity

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20
Q

Name the quadrants

A

RUQ
LUQ
RLQ
LLQ

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21
Q

Name the nine regions.

A 
R/L Hypochondriac
R/L Lumbar
R/L Inguinal 
Epigastric
Umbilical 
Hypogastric
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22
Q

Can you identify the elements (stimulus, sensor/receptor, control center, output effector, reponse) of the homeostatic controls that regulate body temperature?

A 
Stimulus:
Sensor/Receptor:
Control Center:
Output:
Effector:
Response:
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23
Q

Given:
Decrease in CRH
Increase in ACTH
Increase in Corisol

Where is the Adenoma?

A

Hypothalmus

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24
Q

A patient presents a tumor in the anterior pituitary in the part that affects cells secreting FSH/LH.
Predict levels of :
GnRH, FSH/LH, and est/prog

A

Decreased levels of GnRH Increased levels of FSH/LH

Increased levels of est/prog

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25
Q
  1. A patient presents a tumor in the hypothalamus in the part that affects cells secreting CRH. Predict levels of :
    CRH, ACTH, cortisol
A

Increased levels of CRH,
Increased levels of ACTH
Increased levels of cortisol

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26
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum total of the chemical reactions occurring in the body cells

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27
Q

Transverse plane

A

A plane running from right to left, dividing the body or an organ into superior and inferior parts

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28
Q

Atmospheric pressure

A

Force that air exerts on the surface of the body (760 mmHg at sea level)

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29
Q

Visceral organs (viscera)

A

A group of internal organs housed in the ventral body cavity

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30
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

Specific sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline

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31
Q

Cell

A

Structural unit of all living things

32
Q

inguinal

A

pertaining to the groin region

33
Q

Mediastinum

A

The medial cavity of the thorax containing the heart, great vessels, thymus and parts of the trachea, bronchi and esophagus

34
Q

Effector

A

Muscle or gland capable of being activated by nerve endings

35
Q

Negative feedback mechanisms

A

The most common homeostatic control mechanism. The net effect is that the output of the system shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity

36
Q

Excertion

A

Elimination of waste products from the body

37
Q

Insulin

A

A hormone that enhances the carrier-mediated diffusion of glucose into tissue cells, thus lowering blood glucose levels

38
Q

Organ

A

A part of the body formed of two or more tissues and adapted to carry out a specific function

39
Q

Parietal Serosa

A

The part of the double-layered membrane that lines the walls of the ventral body cavity

40
Q

Parasagittal planes

A

All sagittal planes offset from the midline

41
Q

Organ system

A

A group of organs that work together to perform a vital body function

42
Q

Serosa (serous membrane)

A

The moist membrane found in closed ventral body cavities

43
Q

Serous fluid

A

Clear, watery fluid secreted by cells of a serous membrane

44
Q

selectively permeable membrane

A

A membrane that allows certain substances to pass while restricting the movement of others; also called differentially permeable membrane

45
Q

Superficial

A

Located close to or on the body surface

46
Q

Receptor

A

A cell or nerve ending of a sensory neuron specialized to respond to particular types of stimuli; protein that bonds specifically with other molecules

47
Q

Homesostatsis

A

A state of body equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body

48
Q

Digestion

A

A series of catabolic steps in which complex food molecules are broken down to their building blocks by enzymes

49
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

organ system that distributes the blood to deliver nutrients and remove wastes

50
Q

Parietal

A

Pertaining to the walls of a cavity

51
Q

Complementarity of structure and function

A

The relationship between a structure and its function

52
Q

Axial

A

Relating to the head, neck, and trunk; one of the two major divisions of the body

53
Q

Tumor

A

An abnormal growth of cells; a swelling; may be cancerous

54
Q

Histology

A

Branch of anatomy dealing with the microscopic structure of tissue

55
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of the structure of living organisms

56
Q

Visceral Serosa

A

The part of the double-layered membrane that lines the outer surfaces of organs within the ventral body cavity

57
Q

Positive feedback mechanisms

A

Feedback that trends to cause the level of a variable to change in the same direction as an initial change

58
Q

Sagittal plane

A

A longitudinal plane that divides the body or any of its parts into right and left portions

59
Q

Nurtients

A

Chemical substances taken in via the diet that are used for energy and cell building

60
Q

Systemic

A

Pertaining to the whole body

61
Q

Vertebral Column

A

Formed of a number of individual bones called vertebrae and two composite bones (sacrum and coccyx)

62
Q

Physiology

A

Study of the function of living organisms

63
Q

Cross section

A

A cut running horizontally form right to left, dividing the body or an organ into superior and inferior parts

64
Q

Oblique Section

A

A cut made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical plane of the body or an organ

65
Q

Organism

A

The living animal (or plant), which represents the sum total of all its organ systems working together to maintain life; also applies to a microorganism

66
Q

Embryo

A

Developmental stage extending from fertilization to the end of the eighth week

67
Q

Pleural cavity

A

A potential space between the two layers of pleura; contains a thin film of serous fluid

68
Q

Frontal plane

A

Longitudinal plane that divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior parts

69
Q

Glucose

A

Principal blood sugar; a hexose

70
Q

Distal

A

Away from the attached end of a limb or the origin of a structure

71
Q

Hypotonic

A

Below normal tone or tension

72
Q

Renal

A

Pertaining to the kidney

73
Q

Dorsal

A

Pertaining to the back; posterior

74
Q

Appendicular

A

Relating to the limbs; one of the two major divisions of the body

75
Q

Excitablility

A

Ability to respond to stimuli

76
Q

Umbilicus

A

Navel; marks site where umbilical cord was attached in fetal stage

Biol 430 (10 decks)

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