Muscles

Question 1

Diaphragm

Answer 1

Origin
Sternal portion: posterior surface of xiphoid process
Costal portion: inner surfaces of ribs 6-12
Lumbar portion: Anterior surface of 1-3 lumbar vertebrae
Insertion:
Central Tendon
Action:
primary muscle of respiration, descends during inhalation, ascends during exhalation
Innervation:
motor innervation Phren nerve C3-5; sensory innervation IC nerves T7-12

Question 2

External intercostal Muscles

Answer 2

Innervation: intercostal nerves
Action: Inspiration

Question 3

Internal intercostal

Answer 3

Innervation: intercostals nerve
Actions: Forced Expiration

Question 4

Lat

Answer 4

Origin: SP T7-12, TLF, post iliac crest, all lumbar and sacral vertebra

Insertion: floor of bicipital groove of humerus

Action: extension, adduction, medial rotation of hummers, depresses shoulder complex, may assist with back extension

Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve C6-8

Question 5

Spinalis Thoracis

Answer 5

Origin: SP T11-12 and L1-2

Insertion: SP T1-4

Action: Bilateral trunk extension, weak ipsilateral trunk SB

Innervation: Dorsal rami of thoracic spinal nerves

Question 6

Longissimus

Answer 6

Origin: common tendon, TLF, post surface of lumbar TP and sacrum

Insertion: TP of all T vertebra, lower 8-9 ribs

Action: bilateral trunk extension, ipsilateral SB

Innervation: Dorsal rami of lumbar and thoracic spinal nerves

Question 7

Iliocostalis

Answer 7

Origin: lower 6-7 ribs at angles

Insertion: Angles of upper 6 ribs

Actions: bilateral trunk extension and ipsilateral SB

Innervation: dorsal rami of thoracic and lumbar spine

Question 8

Multifidi

Answer 8

Origin: TP of lumbar through lower cervical vertebrae, sacrum, PSIS, dorsal SI ligaments

Insertion: SP of the more superiorly located vertebra

Action: trunk extension, ipsilateral SB, contralateral rotation, stabilization of SI joints and lumbar joints

Innervation: dorsal rami of corresponding level

Question 9

Rotatores

Answer 9

Origin: TP of T spine T1-12

Insertion: lamina of next superior vertebra

Action: trunk contralateral rotation, and bilateral extension

Innervation: dorsal rami of corresponding level

Question 10

R.A

Answer 10

Origin: pubic crest, pubic symphysis, and pubic ligaments

Insertion: xiphoid process, costal cartilages ribs 5-7

Action: bilaterally flexes the trunk and compresses abdominal viscera, posterior pelvic tilt

Innervation: ventral rami T6-12

Question 11

E.A.O

Answer 11

Origin: lower 8 ribs (5-12) on exterior and inferior surfaces

Insertion: Anterior 1/2 iliac crest, ASIS, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Action: bilaterally flexes the trunk, compresses abdominal viscera and post pelvic tilt; unilaterally SB trunk and contra laterally rotates trunk

Innervation: ventral rami T7-12

Question 12

I.A.O

Answer 12

Origin: lateral 2/3 inguinal ligament, anterior iliac crest, TLF

Insertion: lower 3-4 ribs and their costal cartilage, aponeurosis to midline linea alba and pubic crest

Actions: bilaterally flexes the trunk, compresses viscera and post pelvic tilt; ipsilateral SB and rotation of trunk

Innervation: ventral rami T7-12

Question 13

T.A

Answer 13

Origin: lateral 1/3 inguinal ligament anterior iliac crest TLF b/n 12th rib and iliac crest, lower 6 costal cartilages

Insertion: aponeurosis to linea alba and pubic crest

Action: compression of abdominal viscera; lumbar stabilization

Innervation: ventral rami of T7-12

Question 14

Quadratus Lumborum

Answer 14

Origin: posteromedial iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament

Insertion: 12th rib along medial 1/2 of lower border, TP of T12-L4

Action: stabilizes 12th rib and lumbar spine, ipsilateral SB; bilateral extension; hikes hip

Innervation: ventral rami T12-L3

Question 15

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Answer 15

Action: Flex, internally rotates and abducts the hip, flexes and externally rotates the knee.

Question 16

Psoas

Answer 16

Action: Flexes the hip

Question 17

Pectineus

Answer 17

Action: Adduction and flexion of the hip

Question 18

Gluteus Maximus

Answer 18

PA: posterior gluteal line of ilium, posterior sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament
DA: gluteal tuberosity of femur and ITB
Action: Hip extension, ABD, and ER; assists in stabilization of knee through action of ITB
Inn: inferior gluteal nerve (L5,S1,S2)

Question 19

Glut Med

Answer 19

PA:lateral ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal lines
DA:lateral aspect of greater trochanter
Action:
Action Posterior fibers: external rotation
Action Anterior Fibers:
Medial hip rotation
Action in single limb support: keeps pelvis level (trendelenburg sign)

Inn:superior gluteal nerve, L4-S1

Question 20

Glut Min

Answer 20

Action:
O.C: Abduct and internally rotate the hip.
C.C: PRevent Trendelenbergs sign

Question 21

Piriformis

Answer 21

Action: Externally rotate the extended hip, abduct the flexed hip.

Question 22

GOGOQ

Answer 22

Gemellus superior
Obturator internus
Gemellus inferior
Obturator externus
Quadratus femoris

Question 23

Gemellus superior

Answer 23

Action: Externally rotates the extended hip, abduct the flexed hip.

Question 24

Obturator internus

Answer 24

Action: Externally rotates the extended hip, abduct the flexed hip.

Question 25

Gemellus inferior

Answer 25

Action: Externally rotates the extended hip, abduct the flexed hip.

Question 26

Obturator externus

Answer 26

Action: Externally rotates the hips

Question 27

Quadratus Femoris

Answer 27

Action: Externally rotates the femur