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Anatomy > Anatomy CNS > Flashcards

Anatomy CNS Flashcards

0
Q

Parietal lobe functions

A

Key in overall function

- sensory perception, body image, emotional response

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1
Q

Frontal lobe functions

A

Control movement, personality, planning for the future (immediate), speech production

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2
Q

Temporal lobe functions

A

Hearing, aspect of learning, memory, language recognition

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3
Q

Occipital lobe function

A

Vision

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4
Q

Broca’s area

A
  • frontal lobe, usually on left. Important in language production
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5
Q

Broca’s Aphasia

A

Few words are produced not able to actually produce thoughts

-“motor” or “expressive” aphasia

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6
Q

Wernickes area

A

Able to produce words but the sequence used is random and defective
-temporal

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7
Q

Types of Lower Motor Neuron

A

Alpha, Beta, Gamma

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7
Q

Left hemisphere specialization

A

More organized, gross motor skills, more analytical, math, numbers, concrete.

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8
Q

Dorsolateral system

A
  • movement of contralateral extremities
    1. Lateral corticospinal tract- controls distal extremities
    2. Rubrospinal tract- controls proximal extremities
    3. Corticobulbar tract- controls face and head
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8
Q

Right hemisphere specialization

A

More creative, liberal arts, design, emotional, “left-hemi neglect”
-music appreciation

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9
Q

Ventromedial system

A
  • dedicated to control posture and balance
    1. Vestibulospinal tract-balance
    2. Reticulospinal tract-life support
    3. Tectospinal tract- head/eye movement
    4. Ventral/Anterior Corticospinal tract- posture
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9
Q

Left hemisphere behavioral deficits

A 
-have a hard time getting out what you want to say
Processing delays
Difficulty initiating tasks
Distractability
Compulsive behaviors
Low frustration levels
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10
Q

Right hemisphere behavioral deficits

A 
Unrealistic expectations
Poor judgement
Impulsive behavior
Rigidity of thought
Emotional liability
Irritability and/or confusion
Lethargy
Denial of problems
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11
Q

A-Beta Afferent neuron

A
  • light touch/vibration
    DCML
    Fastest
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12
Q

A-Delta Afferent neuron

A

Fast/sharp pain

Neospinothalamic tract

13
Q

C fibers

A

Unmyelinated

  • paleospinothalamic tract
  • free nerve endings
  • slow pain
14
Q

DCML Pathway

A

Mechanoreceptor -stimulated in periphery

First order: enters ipsilateral side and into cord via dorsal root. Doesn’t synapse here. Immediately goes to medulla and synapses.

Second order: Turns into 2 order neuron crosses midline immediately goes to contralateral VPL. Continues up to Thalamus. Diencephelon regulates sensory information. Reroute a information and sends it in diff fervent directions.

Third order: sends to primary sensory cortex. Third order neuron. Thalamus to cortex.
LE travels via fasciculus gracilis, and everything from UE follows the Fasciculus cuneatus.

15
Q

Neospinothalamic Tract

A

-fast pain, pressure, temperature
Nociceptor- wherever the pain is

First order: synapses directly at root of injury and crosses midline wherever it enters dorsal root. Delta neuron is sent to DRG. Synapses exactly where it enters and where injury is.

Second order: neuron travels up to contralateral VPL or VPM.

Third order: neuron from VPL or VPM sent to sensory cortex.

16
Q

First order

A

Periphery to medulla

17
Q

Second order

A

Medulla to thalamus

18
Q

Third order

A

Thalamus to cortex

19
Q

Paleospinothalamic Tract

A

Slow pain, this is what we treat
Nociceptor
- May travel and synapse at multiple levels, can’t pin point exact location or level
First order: C fiber to DRG. Travels up and down and synapses at different locations.

Second order: synapses at various places including
Limbic- affective behavior, emotion
Reticular formation- control motor, autonomic , and sensory
PAG- release of endogenous opiates, try to inhibit pain by descending response
Hypothalamus- regulates vegetative and endocrine functions

Third order: neuron synapses in sensory cortex

20
Q

Spinal reflex pathway

A

Straight to the spinal cord and back.

21
Q

Lower motor neuron types

A

Alpha, Beta, Gamma

22
Q

Dorsolateral system

A

dedicated to learned, willed, and skilled movement of the contralateral extremities.

  1. Lateral corticospinal tract- controls distal extremities
  2. Rubrospinal tract- controls proximal extremity, shoulders/hips. Gives us proximal stability so we can position our extremity in space. Without rubrospinal lateral corticospinal wont function well either.
  3. Corticobulbar tract (head and face)- UMN ends in brainstem to control cranial nerves. Controls face and head
23
Q

Ventromedial System

A
  1. Vestibulospinal tract- balance
  2. Reticulospinal tract- life support
  3. Tectospinal tract- head/eye movement
  4. **Ventral/Anterior Corticospinal tract- Posture. 85% of this tract is crossed (left side of brain controls right side of body) and other 15% remains uncrossed and controls ipsilateral (right controlling right side)
    * A lot of these motor tracts function together.
24
Q

Medulla

A

Contains CN 9-12, contains life support, if compromised large risk of death

25
Q

Pons

A

Contains life support

  • CN 5-8
  • “bridge” that connects right and left sides of cerebellum
26
Q

Midbrain

A
  • Controls eye movement, visual and auditory reflexes.

CN 3-5

27
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • Located below occipital lobe and behind Pons.
  • Learning of coordination
  • Helps control and coordinate voluntary movement
  • Damage to cerebellum will result in intention tremors and ataxic gait.
  • Creates more force production by recruiting motor units when you miss something or don’t realize the weight of a object.
  • Proprioception, this tells you that you have to navigate around object to get to a certain point. Ex: Reaching for a water bottle
  • Damage to ataxic gait, not a smooth gait when falling, or drunk.
28
Q

Role of Thalamus

A
  • Receives auditory, somatosensory and visual sensory signals.
  • Regulator of sensory information
  • Relays sensory signals to the appropriate areas of the cortex.
29
Q

Role of hypothalamus

A
  • Controls Autonomic functions
  • Emotions
  • Endocrine functions
  • Homeostasis
  • Motor functions
  • Regulates food and water intake
  • Regulates sleep and wake cycle
30
Q

Basal Ganglia

A
  • Group of nuclei that interconnect with the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and brainstem. Associated with a variety of functions; motor control, cognition, emotions and learning.
  • Substantia Nigra- Parkinson’s, dopamine (neurotransmitter) is released here. Low levels of Dopamine lead to these type of patterns.
  • Internal driven movements, NOT reactionary movements like the cerebellum.
34
Q

Primary visual cortex association area

A

Occipital lobe

35
Q

Primary somatosensory area: association area

A

Parietal lobe

Anatomy (10 decks)

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