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Level 2 PT Course > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of muscle

A
  • smooth/involuntary (visceral)
  • skeletal/voluntary (striated)
  • cardiac muscle
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2
Q

fast twitch muscles

A
  • fast oxidative fibers
  • large number of mitochonria and myoglobin
  • manufacture and split ATP through aerobic and anaerobic exercise
  • fast, strong muscle connections, prone to fatigue
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3
Q

fast twitch glycolytic

A
  • white blood cells

- atp at a slow rate by anaerobic metabolism

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4
Q

slow twitch

A
  • red due to large volumes of myoglobin and o2
  • resistant to fatigue
  • repeated low level contractions
  • produce large amounts of ATP
  • postural muscles- neck and spine
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5
Q

skeletal muscle

A
  • voluntary
  • striated
  • conscious control
  • stimulated my somatic nervous system
  • muscles contract and create movement on the bones they’re attached to
  • produce movement, stabilize body
  • quads and biceps
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6
Q

muscle fiber types

A

slow twitch
fast twitch
fast twitch glycolitic

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7
Q

wearing heels effect on muscles

A

can shorted calf muscles and hamstrings, increase curve of lumbar spine

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8
Q

cardiac muscle

A

involuntary muscle found in walls of heart
striated
stimulated by sinoatrial node

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9
Q

intercostals

A

below ribs- ribs lift so lung volume increases

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10
Q

pelvic floor

A

controls continence and supports fetus

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11
Q

which muscle has highest workload

A

prime mover- agonist

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12
Q

half of body weight is

A

muscle

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13
Q

4 types of muscle actors

A

agonist, antagonist, synergist, fixator

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14
Q

skeletal muscles cross

A

at least 1 joint

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15
Q

when a muscle or group contracts

A

it will either create movement at a joint or stabilize a bone

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16
Q

fixator

A

muscle contracts statically to fix parts of the body to maintain correct position

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17
Q

synergist

A

other muscles may join in and help the agonist with its movement

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18
Q

antagonist

A

opposite muscle which relaxes while agonist is contracting allowing movement to occur at joint

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19
Q

agonist

A

prime mover

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20
Q

how do muscles work in pairs

A

each muscle has an opposite muscle to allow movement

-when one shortens, the other lengthens

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21
Q

skeletal maturity

A

girls 13-15

boys 15-17

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22
Q

isometric contractions

A

-muscle contracts, develops tension but muscle length remains the same with no movement in joint

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23
Q

isotonic contractions

A

maintain constant tension in muscle when it changes length

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24
Q

4 types of contractions

A

isometric, isotonic, eccentric, concentric

25
Q

hyper-lordosis muscle set up

A
  • shortened erector spinae
  • lengthened gluteus maximus
  • short hip flexors
  • weak transverse abs
  • lengthened rectus abs
26
Q

muscle tone

A

muscles are always in a slight state of tension ready to react

27
Q

push up actors

A

agonist- pecs
antagonist-trapezius
synergist-triceps and anterior deltiods
fixators- abs, obliques

28
Q

squat actors

A

agonist- quads
antagonist- hamstrings
synergists- glutes, gastrocnemius, hip flexors
fixators- muscles of core

29
Q

bicep curl actors

A

agonist- biceps
antagonist- triceps
synergist- brachioradialis and brachialis
fixators- anterior deltoids, abs and obliques

30
Q

agonists

A

contracting muscles

31
Q

transverse abs

A

deep muscle located anterior to spine

32
Q

elbow flexion

A

when bicep brachii concentrically contracts

33
Q

elbow extension

A

when tricep contracts concentrically

34
Q

knee extension

A

when quads contract concentrically

35
Q

hip extension

A

when glutes contract concentrically

36
Q

knee flexion

A

when hamstrings contract concentrically

37
Q

4 types of muscle contractions

A

concentric, eccentric, isometric, isotonic

38
Q

concentric

A

when a muscle shortens under tensions

39
Q

eccentric

A

when a muscle lengthens under tension

40
Q

isotonic

A

when a muscle is under tension and moving

41
Q

synergist

A

muscle that assists prime mover

42
Q

fixator

A

muscle or group of muscles which stabilize body or joint while movement is performed

43
Q

colors of muscle fibers

A

slow- red
fast- pink
faster- white

44
Q

example of activity for slow twitch muscles

A

long distance or low intensity run

45
Q

fast twitch activity example

A

heavy weight training or 400m run

46
Q

fast twitch 2 activity example

A

power lifting

47
Q

sliding filament theory

A

theory of how a muscle contracts- actin and myosin attach which allow contractions to occour

48
Q

motor unit consists of

A

one motor neuron and corresponding bundle of muscle fibers it’s attached to

49
Q

eccentric contractions

A

-muscle lengthening during contraction

50
Q

DOMS

A

delayed onset of muscle soreness

51
Q

eccentric training

A

allows a person to push muscles past normal point of failure, high risk of DOMS

52
Q

concentric contraction

A

causes muscles to shorten thereby generating force

53
Q

tendon

A

connects muscle to bone

-formed at the end of muscles by layers of connective tissues

54
Q

muscle attachments

A
  • tendons
  • aponeurosis
  • muscle fascia
55
Q

muscle fascia

A

muscles attach directly to periosteum, the fiberous sheath of the bone

56
Q

periosteum

A

fiberous sheath of bone

57
Q

aponeurosis

A

connective tissue that connects muscles to muscles

58
Q

smooth muscle

A
  • visceral
  • involuntary in motor function
  • contracts under unconscious control stimulated by autonomic nervous system

Level 2 PT Course (10 decks)

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