Digestive System Flashcards
saliva contains what enzyme
salivary amylase
alcohol in the stomach
can cross lining so it gets into the bloodstream quickly
digestive system
Mouth > pharynx > asophagus > stomach > small intestine > large intestine
epiglottis
closes to prevent food from going in
second class lever
load is the middle between fulcrum and effort
what kind of joint is the ankle joint
hinge joint
first class lever
fulcrum or pivot point is located on the lever between effort and load
third class lever
effort is in the middle between fulcrum and load
trypsin
breaks down protein into amino acids
3 parts of small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ilium
after food enters small intestine
mixes with pancreatic enzymes that break down carbs, protein and fat
digestion times
meat and fish- up to 2 days
fruit and veg- less than a day
what is poop
undigested food and fiber
large intestine
- final stage of digestion
- partial breakdown of cellulose (soluable)
- reabsorbs water from undigested food
center of villi
lacteal, connects to lymphatic system
small intestine
- major site for digestion and absorption of nutrients
- 7 meters long
- transport nutrients to bloodstream
- water absorption
pharynx
- part of digestive and respiratory
- epiglottis acts as a switch for food and air
protein and fat breakdown
- pepsin breaks protein into smaller amino acids
- peptides and gastric lipase are released to break down short chain triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides
3 enzymes produced in pancreas
lipase, amylase, trypsin
acid secretion
- controlled by nerve impulses and hormone gastrin in response to nerve impulses
- stimulated when you think about food
asophagus
food pushed through by peristalsis
pancreas
inferior and posterior to stomach, secretes digestive enzymes to small intestine
peristalsis
rhythmic waves of muscles contraction which push food to stomach
ulcers
too much acid or not enough mucus
HCL in stomach can
dissolve stomach lining, other cells produce mucus to coat stomach
aspirin can
be absorbed in the stomach, too much can cause irritation and bleeding
gastric lipase
breaks down fats into fatty acids
amylase
breaks down carbs into glucose
how much does liver weigh
3lbs, second largest organ
where is the liver
right of stomach, inferior to diaphragm, superior to small intestine
surface of small intestine
- covered with villi and microvilli
- covered in capillaries for absorption
how long does full digestion take
6-8 hours for food to pass to long intestine, but can stay in LI for up to 72 hours
galbladder
stores and recycles excess bile from SI to be released
liver’s function in digestion
production of bile acids and secretion into SI
how big is stomach
empty- 15-30cm/50ml
can expand to 4 liters
