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Level 2 PT Course > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

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1
Q

vertebral column

A

series of joints with small movement between joints

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2
Q

blood cell production

A

produced in bone marrow

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3
Q

pelvis

A

protects lower digestive system, bladder and reproduction

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4
Q

spine

A
  • vertebral column protects spinal cord and nerves going to body
  • flexibility
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5
Q

ribs

A

protect vital organs

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6
Q

skull

A

protects brain, made of several bones which fuse together

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7
Q

axial skeleton

A

mainframe

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8
Q

skeletal system functions

A
  • foster movement
  • shape and structure
  • protection
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9
Q

how does skeletal system foster movement

A

bones have muscles attached to them with joints as pivot points

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10
Q

how does skeletal give shape and structure

A

support internal organs, give framework

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11
Q

3 body types

A

endomorph, mesomorph and ectomorph

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12
Q

endomorph

A
  • soft round shape
  • short limbs
  • little muscle definition because body fat
  • wrestling or weight lifting
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13
Q

mesomorph

A
  • sturdy skeleton
  • prominent muscle
  • muscular limbs
  • good at power sports
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14
Q

ectomorph

A
  • slim build
  • little muscle mass but good defenition due to no fat
  • good at endurance
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15
Q

growth spurts

A
  • growth quickens due to hormonal activity

- muscles ligaments and tendons slower to adapt to changes in size

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16
Q

osteoperosis

A
  • bones get thinner and more fragile due to minerals lost in bones
  • drop in estrogen is a cause
  • when body levels are low in calcium takes it from bones
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17
Q

growing pains

A

bone growth quickens, muscles, ligaments and tendond adapt slower, weird coordination, stretching causes problems

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18
Q

peak bone mass not achieved until

A

25-30

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19
Q

weakest areas of growing skeleton

A

epiphyseal plates

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20
Q

epiphysial plates

A

areas of growing tissue in children and adolescents

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21
Q

foramen magnum

A

where spinal cord comes from brain and continues to back bone

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22
Q

how many vertabrae

A

33

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23
Q

vertebrae are connected by

A

facet joints

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24
Q

spinal cord runs through

A

neural canal

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25
Q

intervertebral disc

A

act as a cushion and absorb shock between vertebrae

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26
Q

what are the strongest vertebrae

A

lumbar

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27
Q

first 7 pairs of ribs are attached to

A

sternum

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28
Q

costal cartilage

A

attaches ribs to sternum

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29
Q

false ribs

A

cartilage attaching 8, 9, 10th ribs to sternum

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30
Q

floating ribs

A

not attached to sternum

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31
Q

osteocytes

A

bone cells

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32
Q

bone marrow stores

A

fat

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33
Q

yellow bone marrow produces

A

white blood cells

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34
Q

red marrow produces

A

red blood cells

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35
Q

red blood cells are produced in

A

Red blood marrow

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36
Q

White blood cells are produced in

A

yellow bone marrow

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37
Q

upper jaw

A

maxilla

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38
Q

lower jaw

A

mandible

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39
Q

6 main functions of skeleton

A

protection, movement, storage, production, muscle attachment, shape and structure

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40
Q

osteoclasts

A

removal of old bone

41
Q

ossification

A

bone growth

42
Q

bones adapt

A

to the stress placed on them

43
Q

irregular bones

A
  • non uniform shape
  • vertebrae, sacrum, mandible
  • mostly cancellous bone with thin outer layer of compact bone
44
Q

cervical spine

A

first 7 vertebrae- c1-c7

45
Q

flat bones

A
  • strong flat pieces to protect vital organs
  • sternum, breastbone, cranium
  • base for muscular attachment
  • anterior and posterior surfaces formed of compact bone to provide strength for protection
  • center is cancellous
46
Q

periosteum

A
  • thin protective fiberous sheath around bone except the ends
  • contains blood vessels to bring nutrients and transfer waste away
47
Q

c2

A

axis bone

48
Q

how many bones are there

A

203

49
Q

long bones grow until

A

18

50
Q

bones mature until

A

25

51
Q

thoracic curve

A

kyphotic

52
Q

bone cavity

A
  • medullary cavity running down middle of shaft
  • contains bone marrow
  • produces r&w blood cells
53
Q

5 types of bones

A

-long bones, short bones, irregular bones, sesamoid bones, flat bones

54
Q

pregnancy

A

exaggeration of spinal curves

55
Q

lumbar spine curves

A

concave

56
Q

lumbar spine

A

5 vertebrae, l1-l5, very little movement

57
Q

lordotic

A

inward

58
Q

epiphysis

A

ends of bone where it widens to form a joint made of spongy bone

59
Q

ischium

A

spits bones

60
Q

compact bone

A

forms diaphysis, very dense and strong

61
Q

what happens when bone stops growing

A

epiphysian plate fades which leaves a bony structure called epiphysial line

62
Q

cartilage

A

tough smooth tissue that helps reduce friction between bones and provides shock absorbtion to joints

63
Q

diaphysis

A

middle section of the bone

64
Q

thoracic spine

A

12 vertebrae
t1-t12
part of ribs, go small to big

65
Q

hyper-kyphosis

A

-exaggerated rounding of thoracic vertebrae, hunched, anterior shift of head, internal rotated arms, rounded shoulders

66
Q

kyphatic

A

rounding or hump

67
Q

hyper-kyphosis muscular set up

A

short pecs, longer lower trapezeus, short upper trapezeus, longer rhomboids

68
Q

what part of spine is slightly mobile

A

thoracic spine

69
Q

posture

A

optimal posture is the ability to hold yourself in neautral alignment with minimal muscle activity

70
Q

osteoblasts

A

bone builders

71
Q

what is the most mobile part of the spine

A

cervical

72
Q

hyperlordosis

A

exaggerated inward curve of lumbar spine, hollow lower back, makes butt look bigger

73
Q

poor sitting on posture

A

can shorten chest muscles and lengthen back muscles

74
Q

types of long bones

A

femur, humerus, tibia, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges

75
Q

elbow

A

primary hinge joint, additional joint that allows pronation and supination

76
Q

cancellous

A

honeycomb structure, spongey bone in epiphysis

77
Q

axial bones

A

skull, cranium, ribs, sternum, spine (core)

78
Q

ilium

A

largest part of pelvis (flared), upper rim is called iliac crest

79
Q

long bones

A

longer than it is wide, growth plates at either end, hard surface of compact bone, spongey innter called cancellous bone containing bone marrow

80
Q

pelvic girdle

A

ilium, pubis, ischium

81
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

covers bone, protects and aids in shock absorbtion

82
Q

pubis

A

pubic bones form together to form cartilaginous joint

83
Q

mineral storage

A

calcium, magnesium, phosphate which add strength and create bone density

84
Q

growth plate (epiphysial plate)

A
  • between epipysis and disphysis
  • fused in adult bone
  • where bone growth takes place
85
Q

lumbar curve

A

concave or hollow curvature

86
Q

appendicular

A

appendages

87
Q

c1

A

atlas bone

88
Q

two sections of bones

A

axial and appendicular

89
Q

short bones

A

wide as they are long, primary function of support and stability, little movement, carpals and tarsals, thin layer of compact hard bone and large amounts of marrow

90
Q

vertebral column

A

spine

91
Q

sesamoid bones

A

short bones irregular bones embedded in a tendon, patella, pisiform, visually present in a tendon where it passes over a joint which serves to protect the tendon

92
Q

scoliosis

A

s curve of spine, some vertebrae maybe rotated, congenital defect

93
Q

8 weeks post conception, bones do…

A

skeleton bones have already formed in cartilage

94
Q

normal spine alignment

A

4 curves- disperse shock, protect brain from shock

95
Q

sacrum and coccyx

A

5 vertebrae fused together line up with ilium

tailbone

96
Q

c1 and c2

A

pivot joint which allowes neck to rotate

97
Q

why is bone more vulnerable while growing

A

more bone is cartilage, at risk from muscles pulling on tendons

98
Q

ligament

A

tough fiberous tissue taht connects bones to bonestf

Level 2 PT Course (10 decks)

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