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Anatomy 1 > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

Muscles nomenclature Muscles in action 1 and 2

1
Q

How do muscles work?

A

Skeletal muscles work together or in opposition

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2
Q

Muscles only do what?

A

Muscles only pull

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3
Q

What happens to insertion and origin when muscles shorten?

A

As muscles shorten, the insertion generally moves toward the origin

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4
Q

How do muscles affect each other?

A

Whatever a muscle (or group of muscles) does, another muscle (or group) “undoes”

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5
Q

Origin

A

fixed or immovable point of attachment

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6
Q

Insertion

A

attachment to movable bone

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7
Q

Prime Movers (agonist)

A

provide the major force for producing a specific movement

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8
Q

Antagonists

A

oppose or reverse a particular move; they can be a prime mover (located opposite side of joint)

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9
Q

Synergists

A

Add force to a move

reduce undesirable or unnecessary movement

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10
Q

Fixators

A

synergists that immobilize a bone or muscle’s origin (fixing of scapula)

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11
Q

Fascicle

A

bundle of skeletal muscle fiber surrounded by perimysium

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12
Q

Parallel

A

Fascicles run parallel to the long axis of the muscle (sartorius)

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13
Q

fusiform

A

spindle-shaped muscles

biceps brachii

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14
Q

Pennate

A

short fascicles that attach obliquely to a central tendon running the length of the muscle

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15
Q

convergent

A

fascicles converge converge from a broad origin to a single tendon insertion

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16
Q

Circular

A

fascicles are arranged in concentric rings

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17
Q

Where do our muscles produce movement?

A

at joints

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18
Q

How do muscles act at joints?

A

Muscle only act at those joints that lie between it origin and insertion

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19
Q

First question to ask yourself about muscle mechanics?

A

What joint or joints the muscle crosses?

Assume subject is in anatomical position

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20
Q

Optimum Angle of Pull

A

Optimum is reached when two bones are just near a right angle

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21
Q

MAJOR SKEL MUSCLES: ANTERIOR VIEW

A

40 superficial muscles here are divided into 10 regional areas of the body

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22
Q

Maj skel mus: post view

A

27 superficial muscles divided into 7 regional areas of the body

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23
Q

Frontalis

A

covers forehead and dome of skull and raises eyebrows

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24
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

sphincter muscle of eyelid

produces blinking and squinting

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25
Q

Zygomaticus

A

smiling muscle

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26
Q

Masseter

A

PM of jaw closure

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27
Q

Platysma

A

assists depressing mandible

Pulls lower lip back and down; tenses skin of neck

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28
Q

Temporalis

A

Closes Jaw
elevates and retracts mandible
holds mandible at rest position

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29
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

bisects neck diagnolly

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30
Q

What is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

manubrium of sternum and medial 1/3 of clavicle

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31
Q

What is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

mastoid process of temporal bone

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32
Q

What muscle is the prime mover action in the sternocleidomastoid?

A

head flexion and lateral flexion

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33
Q

sternohyoid

A

most medial muscle of neck, and Depression of hyoid bone

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34
Q

Trapezius

A

most superficial muscle of the posterior thorax; flat

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35
Q

What is the origin of the Trapezius muscle?

A

occipital bone

spinous process of C7 and all thoracic vertebrae

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36
Q

What is the insertion of Trapezius muscle?

A

lateral 1/3 of clavicle
acromion process
spine of scapula

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37
Q

What is action of upper fibers of traps ?

A

attach to clavicle aid suspending shoulder girdle

assists with elevate and upward rotation of scapula

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38
Q

Action of middle fibers of traps?

A

adduction of scapula, keeps scapulae from slipping laterally around the thorax when arms elevated

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39
Q

action of Lower fibers of traps?

A

stabilizes arm when trunk flexed example reach for high shelf

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40
Q

a shoulder shrug is an example of what fiber of the traps?

A

upper fibers

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41
Q

Bent-over or seated row is an example of what fiber of the traps?

A

middle fibers

42
Q

Erector spinae are prime movers of what action and who are they?

A

back extension
Iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis

43
Q

Iliocostalis

A

most lateral

extends from pelvis to neck

44
Q

Longissimus

A

intermediate

lumbar region to skull

45
Q

Spinalis

A

medial most

lumbar to cervical

46
Q

Quadratus lumborum origin

A

iliac crest and iliolumbar fascia

47
Q

Quadratus lumborum insertion

A

transverse processes of upper 4 lumbar vertebrae

and 12th rib

48
Q

what does quadratus lumborum maintain?

A

upright posture

lateral flexes lumbar spine

49
Q

Quadratus lumborum is a what for respiration?

A

accessory breathing muscle inspiration

50
Q

Ab muscle consist of what?

A

lateral and anterior abdominal wall
no bones
3 pairs=lateral wall
external and internal oblique, transervsus abdominis, and rectus abdominis

51
Q

When are abs the best?

A

best when muscle is toned (feels tough when relaxed)

52
Q

ab muscles functions?

A

support
protect

movement
(Iateral flexion ,rotation of trunk, anterior flexion of trunk)

Relax during inspiration
contracted aid in forced expiration
Valsalva maneuver
Defecation, childbirth, vomiting, coughing, burping and nose blowing

53
Q

Rectus abodiminis

A

medial superficial muscle, vertical, lies on either side of the line alba, its the 6 pack

54
Q

Rectus abdominis origin

A

pubic crest and adjacent ligament

55
Q

Rectus abdominis insertion

A

xiphoid process, catrilages of ribs 5-7

56
Q

external oblique origin

A

outer surface of lower 8 ribs

57
Q

external oblique insertion

A

crest of pubic, linea alba iliac crest, and aponeurosis

58
Q

internal oblique origin

A

anterior 2/3’s iliac crest, inguinal ligament, and fascia sheaths

59
Q

internal oblique insertion

A

lower 3-4 ribs, pubic crest, linea alba

60
Q

Transversus abdominis origin

A

costal cartilage of lower 6 ribs, inguinal ligament, lumbodorsal fascia

61
Q

Transversus abdominis insertion

A

Linea alba, pubic crest

62
Q

What are the 9 muscles crossing the shoulder joint?

A

Prime movers:
Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis major
Deltoid

Rotator cuff:
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
Teres minor
subscapularis

Teres major
Coracobrachialis

63
Q

what makes up the anterior thorax?

A

Pec major and minor

64
Q

Pectoralis major origin

A

clavicle, sternum, 1-6 ribs, apneurosis of external oblique muscle

65
Q

Pec major insertion

A

greater tubercle of humerous

66
Q

Pec major action

A

PM of arm flexion, internal or medial rotation-rotate toward midline of body

67
Q

Pec minor origin

A

anterior surfaces of ribs 3-5

68
Q

Pec minor insertion

A

coracoid process of scapula

69
Q

Pec minor action

A

draws scapula fwd and downward with ribs fixed; draws rib cage superior with scapula fixed

70
Q

Serratus Anterior location

A

lies deep to the scapula, inferior to pectorals on lateral rib cage

71
Q

Serratus Anterior description

A

serrated or sawtooth

72
Q

Serratus Ant origin

A

series of muscle slips from ribs 1-8

73
Q

serratus ant insertion

A

anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula

74
Q

Serratus ant action

A

PM to protract and hold scapula against chest wall

rotates scapula: inferior angle moves laterally and upward, and play vital role in abduction and raising arm in horizontal plane

75
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

broad flat triangular muscle of low back; play vital role in bringing arm down in a power stroke

76
Q

Example latissimus dorsi use of power stroke

A

swimming(phelps)
rowing
hammering

77
Q

Latissimus dorsi origin

A

lumbodorsal fascia, spines of t6-t12, spines of lumbar and sacral vertebrae, lower 3-4 rings, posterior iliac crest

78
Q

Latissimus dorsi insertion

A

floor of bottom of intertubercular groove

79
Q

Latissimus dorsi action

A

extends, adducts and rotates arm medially; draws shoulder downward and backward

80
Q

deltoid forms

A

rounded shoulder muscle mass multipennate muscle

81
Q

deltoid origin

A

1/3 clavicle
acromion process
spine of scapula

82
Q

deltoid insertion

A

deltoid tuberosity of humerous

83
Q

deltoid action

A

antagonist to pec major and latissimus dorsi

PM abduction of arm
anterior fibers flex and medially rotate humerus; posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate humerus

84
Q

rotator cuff

A

muscles and tendons that stab shoulder

they keep head of humerus in the glenoid cavity

85
Q

Supraspinatus origin

A

supraspinatus fossa

86
Q

Supraspinatus insertion

A

superior most part of greater tubercle of humerus

87
Q

supraspinatus action

A

abduction arm
stabilize shoulder jt
assists prevention of downward dislocation of humerus

88
Q

Infraspinatus origin

A

lateral border of dorsal scapular surface

89
Q

infraspinatus insertion

A

greater tubercle of humerus

90
Q

infraspinatus action

A

lateral rotator of humorous; holds head of humerus in glenoid cavity

91
Q

subscapularis origin

A

subscapularis fossa

92
Q

subscapularis insertion

A

lesser tubercle of humerus

93
Q

subscapularis action

A

medial rotation of humerus; helps hold humerus in glenoid cavity

94
Q

Teres Major origin

A

Posterior/dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula

95
Q

Teres Major insertion

A

crest of lesser tubercle of humerus

96
Q

Teres Maj action

A

extends medially rotates and adducts humerus; synergist to latissimus dorsi

97
Q

Posterior Thorax location

A

at back and side of neck; deep to trapezius

98
Q

Posterior Thorax origin

A

Transverse processes of C1-c4

99
Q

Posterior Thorax insertion

A

vertebral border at the root of the spine

100
Q

Posterior Thorax action

A

elevates and adducts scapula, similar to upper fibers of traps (synergists), when scapula fixed= flexes neck to same side

Anatomy 1 (8 decks)

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