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Head And Neck > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

0
Q

What does the orbicularis oris do?

A

split into 2:
orbital and palpebral part
orbital closes eyelids
palpebral closes eyelids forcefully

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1
Q

What are the muscles of facial expression?

A 
orbicularis oris
oricularis oculi
frontalis
nasalis
buccinator
platysma
mentalis
depressor anguli oris
levator labii superioris
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2
Q

what does the orbicularis oris do?

A

closes and protrudes the mouth

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3
Q

what does the frontalis muscle do?

A

wrinkles the forehead

elevates eyebrows and forehead

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4
Q

what does the nasalis do?

A

draws the ala toward the septum to compress the opening

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5
Q

what does the levator labi superioris do?

A

dilates nostril
elevates lip
raises the angle of the mouth

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6
Q

what does the platysma do?

A

depresses the mandible

tenses the skin of lower face and neck

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7
Q

what does the mentalis do?

A

elevates and protrudes the lower lip and wrinkles the chin

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8
Q

what does the buccinator do?

A

presses against the cheek of molars which assists in chewing

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9
Q

what nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?

A

the facial nerve - CN VII

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10
Q

what pharyngeal arch do the muscles of facial expression come from?

A

second

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11
Q

what condition is it where the muscles of facial expression are drooped on one side?

A

Bell’s palsy

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12
Q

what do patients with Bell’s palsy present with?

A 
either of the following:
not be able to frown
not be able to wrinkle forehead
unable to close eyes tight
unable to smile
unable to purse lips
unable to tense skin on neck
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13
Q

what are the extraoccular muscles?

A 
superior oblique
lateral rectus
superior rectus
inferior rectus
inferior oblique
medial rectus
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14
Q

what muscles are not innervated by occulomotor?

A

lateral rectus

superior oblique

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15
Q

what nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle?

A

CN VI - abducens

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16
Q

what nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle?

A

CN IV - trochlear

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17
Q

what does the levator palpebrae superioris do?

A

elevates the eyelid

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18
Q

what does the superior rectus do?

A

elevates, abducts and rotates eyeball medially

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19
Q

what does the inferior rectus muscle do?

A

depresses, adducts and rotates eye medially

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20
Q

what does the medial rectus muscle do?

A

adducts eyeball

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21
Q

what does the lateral rectus do?

A

abducts eyeball

22
Q

what does the superior oblique do?

A

medially rotates
depresses
abducts eyeball

23
Q

what does the inferior oblique do?

A

laterally rotates
elevates
abducts eyeball

24
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles of the eye?

A

smooth muscles that affect the size of the pupil or the shape of the lens for accomodation

25
Q

what is pure abduction formed by?

A

lateral rectus

26
Q

what is pure adduction performed by?

A

medial rectus

27
Q

what 3 work together to abduct eye?

A

SR
LR
IR

28
Q

what 3 work together to adduct?

A

IO
MR
SO

29
Q

what 2 muscles elevate eyeball?

A

SR

IO

30
Q

what 2 muscles depress the eyeball?

A

IR

SO

31
Q

what is the space of the eye called?

A

palpebral fissure

32
Q

what action is superior oblique said to do?

A

reading a book

looking inwards and downwards

33
Q

what are the muscles of masstication?

A

lateral pterygoids
medial pterygoids
temporalis
masseter

34
Q

what does the temporalis do?

A

elevates mandible

posterior fibres retrude mandible

35
Q

what does the masseter do?

A

elevates and protrudes the mandible

36
Q

what does the lateral pterygoid do?

A

protrudes mandible and depresses the chin

can produce side to side movements

37
Q

what does the medial pterygoid do?

A

elevates the mandible
protrudes mandible
protrudes the side of the jaw
produces a griding motion

38
Q

what does tetanus of the masseter lead to?

A

lockjaw

39
Q

what is tetanus caused by?

A

clostridium tetani

40
Q

what do the muscles of the neck do?

A

position larynx during swallowing
stabilise the hyoid bone
move head and upper limb

41
Q

what are the infrahyoid muscles called?

A

strap muscles

42
Q

what are the suprahyoid muscles?

A

geniohyoid
mylohyoid
digastric
stylohyoid

43
Q

what are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

sternohyoid
omoyhoid
thyrohyoid
sternothyroid

44
Q

what are the triangles in the neck?

A 
anterior
posterior
muscular
carotid
submandibular
submental
45
Q

what are the borders of the anterior triangle?

A

line of the neck
scm anterior border
mandible

46
Q

what are the borders of the posterior triangle?

A

posterior scm
trapezius
clavicle

47
Q

what are the 3 fascial layers?

A

pretracheal
prevertebral
investing

48
Q

what is the clinical significance of the fascial layers?

A

infections can spread by this route as theyre compartments
compression
tumour growth

49
Q

what does the investing layers do?

A

surrounds the neck and invests the trapezius and scm

50
Q

what does the pretracheal layer do?

A

limited to the anterior neck

invests the infrahyoid muscles, thyroid, trachea and oesophagus

51
Q

what does the prevertebral fascia do?

A

invests the prevertebral muscles and the vertebral column

52
Q

what does the carotid sheath enclose?

A

common carotid artery
IVJ
vagus nerve

Head And Neck (10 decks)

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