Muscles

Question 0

What does the orbicularis oris do?

Answer 0

split into 2:
orbital and palpebral part
orbital closes eyelids
palpebral closes eyelids forcefully

Question 1

What are the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 1

orbicularis oris
oricularis oculi
frontalis
nasalis
buccinator
platysma
mentalis
depressor anguli oris
levator labii superioris

Question 2

what does the orbicularis oris do?

Answer 2

closes and protrudes the mouth

Question 3

what does the frontalis muscle do?

Answer 3

wrinkles the forehead

elevates eyebrows and forehead

Question 4

what does the nasalis do?

Answer 4

draws the ala toward the septum to compress the opening

Question 5

what does the levator labi superioris do?

Answer 5

dilates nostril
elevates lip
raises the angle of the mouth

Question 6

what does the platysma do?

Answer 6

depresses the mandible

tenses the skin of lower face and neck

Question 7

what does the mentalis do?

Answer 7

elevates and protrudes the lower lip and wrinkles the chin

Question 8

what does the buccinator do?

Answer 8

presses against the cheek of molars which assists in chewing

Question 9

what nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 9

the facial nerve - CN VII

Question 10

what pharyngeal arch do the muscles of facial expression come from?

Answer 10

second

Question 11

what condition is it where the muscles of facial expression are drooped on one side?

Answer 11

Bell’s palsy

Question 12

what do patients with Bell’s palsy present with?

Answer 12

either of the following:
not be able to frown
not be able to wrinkle forehead
unable to close eyes tight
unable to smile
unable to purse lips
unable to tense skin on neck

Question 13

what are the extraoccular muscles?

Answer 13

superior oblique
lateral rectus
superior rectus
inferior rectus
inferior oblique
medial rectus

Question 14

what muscles are not innervated by occulomotor?

Answer 14

lateral rectus

superior oblique

Question 15

what nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle?

Answer 15

CN VI - abducens

Question 16

what nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle?

Answer 16

CN IV - trochlear

Question 17

what does the levator palpebrae superioris do?

Answer 17

elevates the eyelid

Question 18

what does the superior rectus do?

Answer 18

elevates, abducts and rotates eyeball medially

Question 19

what does the inferior rectus muscle do?

Answer 19

depresses, adducts and rotates eye medially

Question 20

what does the medial rectus muscle do?

Answer 20

adducts eyeball

Question 21

what does the lateral rectus do?

Answer 21

abducts eyeball

Question 22

what does the superior oblique do?

Answer 22

medially rotates
depresses
abducts eyeball

Question 23

what does the inferior oblique do?

Answer 23

laterally rotates
elevates
abducts eyeball

Question 24

what are the intrinsic muscles of the eye?

Answer 24

smooth muscles that affect the size of the pupil or the shape of the lens for accomodation

Question 25

what is pure abduction formed by?

Answer 25

lateral rectus

Question 26

what is pure adduction performed by?

Answer 26

medial rectus

Question 27

what 3 work together to abduct eye?

Answer 27

SR LR IR

Question 28

what 3 work together to adduct?

Answer 28

IO MR SO

Question 29

what 2 muscles elevate eyeball?

Answer 29

SR | IO

Question 30

what 2 muscles depress the eyeball?

Answer 30

IR | SO

Question 31

what is the space of the eye called?

Answer 31

palpebral fissure

Question 32

what action is superior oblique said to do?

Answer 32

reading a book | looking inwards and downwards

Question 33

what are the muscles of masstication?

Answer 33

lateral pterygoids medial pterygoids temporalis masseter

Question 34

what does the temporalis do?

Answer 34

elevates mandible | posterior fibres retrude mandible

Question 35

what does the masseter do?

Answer 35

elevates and protrudes the mandible

Question 36

what does the lateral pterygoid do?

Answer 36

protrudes mandible and depresses the chin | can produce side to side movements

Question 37

what does the medial pterygoid do?

Answer 37

elevates the mandible protrudes mandible protrudes the side of the jaw produces a griding motion

Question 38

what does tetanus of the masseter lead to?

Answer 38

lockjaw

Question 39

what is tetanus caused by?

Answer 39

clostridium tetani

Question 40

what do the muscles of the neck do?

Answer 40

position larynx during swallowing stabilise the hyoid bone move head and upper limb

Question 41

what are the infrahyoid muscles called?

Answer 41

strap muscles

Question 42

what are the suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 42

geniohyoid mylohyoid digastric stylohyoid

Question 43

what are the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 43

sternohyoid omoyhoid thyrohyoid sternothyroid

Question 44

what are the triangles in the neck?

Answer 44

``` anterior posterior muscular carotid submandibular submental ```

Question 45

what are the borders of the anterior triangle?

Answer 45

line of the neck scm anterior border mandible

Question 46

what are the borders of the posterior triangle?

Answer 46

posterior scm trapezius clavicle

Question 47

what are the 3 fascial layers?

Answer 47

pretracheal prevertebral investing

Question 48

what is the clinical significance of the fascial layers?

Answer 48

infections can spread by this route as theyre compartments compression tumour growth

Question 49

what does the investing layers do?

Answer 49

surrounds the neck and invests the trapezius and scm

Question 50

what does the pretracheal layer do?

Answer 50

limited to the anterior neck | invests the infrahyoid muscles, thyroid, trachea and oesophagus

Question 51

what does the prevertebral fascia do?

Answer 51

invests the prevertebral muscles and the vertebral column

Question 52

what does the carotid sheath enclose?

Answer 52

common carotid artery IVJ vagus nerve