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MSK > muscles > Flashcards

muscles Flashcards

1
Q

what surrounds muscle fascicles

A

perimysium

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2
Q

what surrounds muscle organs

A

epimysium

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3
Q

what is sacromella

A

membrane of muscle fibre

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4
Q

what is the role of a T- tubule

A

conduct charge to the muscle

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5
Q

what is contained in the muscle sarcoplasm

A

glycosomes and myoglobins

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6
Q

what is stored in sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

calcium ions

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7
Q

what is in the H zone of sarcomere

A

myosin

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8
Q

what is in the I band of sarcomere

A

actin only

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9
Q

what is in the a band of sarcomere

A

actin and myosin

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10
Q

in the first stage of cross bridge cycling describe the action of calcium ions

A

binds to troponin, causing tropomyosin to move , exposing actin binding sites

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11
Q

what causes a power stroke

A

myosin head rotates releasing ADP and phosphate

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12
Q

what molecule is responsible for detaching the myosin head from actin in cross bridge cycling

A

ATP

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13
Q

how does calcium ions get recycled into the sacroplasmic reticulum in excitation contraction coupling

A

ATP driven pumps

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14
Q

how does muscle stimulation end

A

acetylcholinase breaks down acetylcholine in receptor site on muscle neurone

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15
Q

creatine phosphate is an energy source for what type of muscle contraction

A

fast twitch

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16
Q

what is the name of the process that uses oxygen to make ATP in aerobic respiration

A

oxidative phosphorylation

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17
Q

what is the name of the process that uses glucose to make ATP in aerobic respiration

A

glycolysis

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18
Q

what is the other name for type I muscle fibres

A

slow oxidative

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19
Q

what is the other name for type IIa muscle fibres

A

fast oxidative

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20
Q

what is the other name for type IIb muscle fibres

A

fast glycolytic

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21
Q

what muscle fibres use oxidative phosphorylation as ATP source

A

Type I/ slow oxidative and Type II / fast oxidative

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22
Q

glycolysis what muscle fibres use oxidative phosphorylation as ATP source

A

Type IIb/ fast glycolytic

23
Q

what is the origin of muscle

A

site of muscle attachment to stationary bone

24
Q

what is the insertion of muscle

A

site of muscle attachment to moving bone

25
Q

what is agonist muscle

A

muscle that contracts

26
Q

what is antagonist muscle

A

muscle that relaxes

27
Q

what is the synergist muscle

A

muscle that assist the agonist

28
Q

what is the fixator muscle

A

muscle that provides stabilisation at origin

29
Q

what is in the middle of a first class lever

A

fulcrum

30
Q

what is in the middle of a second class lever

A

load

31
Q

what is in the middle of a third class lever

A

effort

32
Q

what is muscle hypertrophy

A

muscles are large in proportion to body fat

33
Q

what causes muscle hypertrophy (2)

A

hormones and genetics

34
Q

what is disuse atrophy

A

inactivity causing muscle wasting

35
Q

what causes disuse atrophy (2)

A

paralysis
bedrest

36
Q

what is sarcopenia

A

loss of muscle mass due to ageing

37
Q

what causes sarcopenia (4)

A

hormones
reduced nervous stimulation
disuse
poor diet

38
Q

what is muscle spasm

A

involuntary contraction that lasts a short time

39
Q

what causes muscle spasm

A

nerve malfunction

40
Q

what is muscle cramp

A

long involuntary contraction

41
Q

what causes muscle cramp

A

sustained exertion

42
Q

what is muscle strain

A

muscle overstretched or torn

43
Q

what causes muscle sprain

A

ligament tear

44
Q

what is affected in the autoimmune disease myasthenia graves

A

Ach receptors at NMJ

45
Q

what is myopathy

A

disease that attacks muscle fibres causing weakness and paralysis

46
Q

what is another name for Duchenne’s

A

Beckers dystrophy

47
Q

what is duchennes

A

degenerative disease causing weakness and wasting of muscle (X-chromosome linked)

48
Q

that is the action of botulism

A

inhibits acetylcholine release at NMJ

49
Q

what are symptoms of botulism

A

paralysis
dry mouth
loss of sweat

50
Q

what are complications of botulism

A

respiratory or heart failure

51
Q

what happens at NMJ if you have organophosphate poisoning

A

acetylcholinase is inhibited, no stop in nervous stimulation

52
Q

who is organophosphate poisoning common in (2)

A

farmers
cholingeric syndrome

53
Q

what do you take for organophosphate poisoning

A

atropine

54
Q

what are symptoms of organophosphate poisoning

A

SLUDGE
salivation
lamination
urination
diarrhoea
GI stress
emesis

MSK (15 decks)

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