Injury of the upper limb Flashcards
what is a common cause of clavicle fracture
fall on shoulder or outstretched hand
what is a clear symptom of clavicle fracture
shoulder drop
weight of arm pulls lateral fragment up whist sternomastoid muscle pushes medial fragment up
other than brachial plexus injury what is a complication of a clavicle fracture
lung puncture
what nerve would be damaged in a proximal humerus fracture
axillary nerve
what nerve would be damaged with a distal humerus fracture
radial nerve
what is the nerve damage in glenohumeral dislocation
axillary nerve
- can be during the injury or in proscess of realignment
what is the clinical name for nursemaid elbow
annular ligament displacement
what causes annular ligament displacement
sudden pulling ore twisting of the arm
what does an annular ligament displacement present as
NO swelling or bruising, not holding arm straight, not using arm
describe the fragment displacement in a colles fracture at radial head
fragment is displaced dorsally
how does a colles fracture present
dinnerfork deformity
list 3 complications of a colles fracture
compartment syndrome
carpal tunnel
median nerve palsy
describe the fragment displacement in a smiths fracture at radial head
fragment is displaced towards palmar side
how does a smiths fracture present
garden spade deformity
what is a complication of a smiths fracture
carpal tunnel
what is a complication of scaphoid fracture
avascular necrosis
if not on x-ray how can you diagnose a scaphoid fracture
tenderness in anatomical snuff box
where is the pain in tennis elbow
lateral epicondyle
where is the pain in golfers elbow
medial epicondyle
what causes tennis/golfers elbow
repetitive strain
what nerve damage can cause winged scapula
long thoracic nerve
what is winged scapula
paralysis of serrates anterior, causing the scapula to stick out
what movements are affected in musculocutaneous nerve damage
flexion and supination
where is the loss of feeling if musculocutaneous nerve is damaged
lateral forearm
where is the loss of sensation when axillary nerve is damaged
sergeants patch area
what movement cant be tested to diagnose axillary nerve damage
loss of abduction above 15 degrees
what muscles atrophy if axillary nerve is damaged
deltoid
what nerve is damaged if a patient presents with ape hand deformity
median nerve
what is anterior intrasseous syndrome
median nerve damage causes weakness in thumb movement, cant make OK sign
describe hand of benediction
cant flex thumb, index and middle finger due to median nerve damage
XXX At elbow causes median nerve damage
cubital tunnel syndrome
XXX or XXX at wrist causes median nerve damage
cubital tunnel syndrome or laceration
what compartment in wrist can cause ulnar nerve damage
guyons canal
cause of ulnar nerve damage at elbow (2)
cubital tunnel syndrome
medial epicondyle of humerus fracture
name 2 causes of radial nerve damage
shaft of humerus fracture
compression of posterior humerus
symptoms of radial nerve damage (3)
clue is Saturday night palsy
wrist drop
cant do thumbs up
weakness of BEAST muscles
what is the B in BEAST muscles
Brachialis, brachioradialis
what is the E in BEAST muscles
extensor muscle of forearm
what is the A in BEAST muscles
anconeus
what is the S in BEAST muscles
supinator
what is the T in BEAST muscles
triceps
What root damage causes Erbs palsy
C5-C6
what movement causes nerve damage associated with erbs palsy
increased angle from neck and shoulder (damaging C5 and C6)
what does erbs palsy present as
rotated arm
pronated and flexed forearm
what nerve damage is associated with Klumpes Palsy
C8-T1
what movement causes nerve damage associated with Klumpkes palsy
excessive abduction of arm damages C8-T1
What are 3 symptoms of Klumpkes palsy
atrophy of forearm
no sensation in medial hand or forearm
loss of hand movement
what is compartment syndrome
compression of nerves and blood vessels around a muscle caused by swelling or bleeding
what are the symptoms of compartment syndrome (6 Ps)
pain
parasthesia
porkilothermia
pallor
paralysis
pulslessness
what is treatment of compartment syndrome
fasciotomy
what is Volkmanns Ischemic contraction presentation
permanent flexion contracture of the hand at the wrist
what causes Volkmanns Ischemic contraction
inadequate blood supply to tissue
(laceration of brachial artery or compartment syndrome)
