Injury of the upper limb

Question 1

what is a common cause of clavicle fracture

Answer 1

fall on shoulder or outstretched hand

Question 2

what is a clear symptom of clavicle fracture

Answer 2

shoulder drop
weight of arm pulls lateral fragment up whist sternomastoid muscle pushes medial fragment up

Question 3

other than brachial plexus injury what is a complication of a clavicle fracture

Answer 3

lung puncture

Question 4

what nerve would be damaged in a proximal humerus fracture

Answer 4

axillary nerve

Question 5

what nerve would be damaged with a distal humerus fracture

Answer 5

radial nerve

Question 6

what is the nerve damage in glenohumeral dislocation

Answer 6

axillary nerve
- can be during the injury or in proscess of realignment

Question 7

what is the clinical name for nursemaid elbow

Answer 7

annular ligament displacement

Question 8

what causes annular ligament displacement

Answer 8

sudden pulling ore twisting of the arm

Question 9

what does an annular ligament displacement present as

Answer 9

NO swelling or bruising, not holding arm straight, not using arm

Question 10

describe the fragment displacement in a colles fracture at radial head

Answer 10

fragment is displaced dorsally

Question 11

how does a colles fracture present

Answer 11

dinnerfork deformity

Question 12

list 3 complications of a colles fracture

Answer 12

compartment syndrome
carpal tunnel
median nerve palsy

Question 13

describe the fragment displacement in a smiths fracture at radial head

Answer 13

fragment is displaced towards palmar side

Question 14

how does a smiths fracture present

Answer 14

garden spade deformity

Question 15

what is a complication of a smiths fracture

Answer 15

carpal tunnel

Question 16

what is a complication of scaphoid fracture

Answer 16

avascular necrosis

Question 17

if not on x-ray how can you diagnose a scaphoid fracture

Answer 17

tenderness in anatomical snuff box

Question 18

where is the pain in tennis elbow

Answer 18

lateral epicondyle

Question 19

where is the pain in golfers elbow

Answer 19

medial epicondyle

Question 20

what causes tennis/golfers elbow

Answer 20

repetitive strain

Question 21

what nerve damage can cause winged scapula

Answer 21

long thoracic nerve

Question 22

what is winged scapula

Answer 22

paralysis of serrates anterior, causing the scapula to stick out

Question 23

what movements are affected in musculocutaneous nerve damage

Answer 23

flexion and supination

Question 24

where is the loss of feeling if musculocutaneous nerve is damaged

Answer 24

lateral forearm

Question 25

where is the loss of sensation when axillary nerve is damaged

Answer 25

sergeants patch area

Question 26

what movement cant be tested to diagnose axillary nerve damage

Answer 26

loss of abduction above 15 degrees

Question 27

what muscles atrophy if axillary nerve is damaged

Answer 27

deltoid

Question 28

what nerve is damaged if a patient presents with ape hand deformity

Answer 28

median nerve

Question 29

what is anterior intrasseous syndrome

Answer 29

median nerve damage causes weakness in thumb movement, cant make OK sign

Question 30

describe hand of benediction

Answer 30

cant flex thumb, index and middle finger due to median nerve damage

Question 31

XXX At elbow causes median nerve damage

Answer 31

cubital tunnel syndrome

Question 32

XXX or XXX at wrist causes median nerve damage

Answer 32

cubital tunnel syndrome or laceration

Question 33

what compartment in wrist can cause ulnar nerve damage

Answer 33

guyons canal

Question 34

cause of ulnar nerve damage at elbow (2)

Answer 34

cubital tunnel syndrome medial epicondyle of humerus fracture

Question 35

name 2 causes of radial nerve damage

Answer 35

shaft of humerus fracture compression of posterior humerus

Question 36

symptoms of radial nerve damage (3) clue is Saturday night palsy

Answer 36

wrist drop cant do thumbs up weakness of BEAST muscles

Question 37

what is the B in BEAST muscles

Answer 37

Brachialis, brachioradialis

Question 38

what is the E in BEAST muscles

Answer 38

extensor muscle of forearm

Question 39

what is the A in BEAST muscles

Answer 39

anconeus

Question 40

what is the S in BEAST muscles

Answer 40

supinator

Question 41

what is the T in BEAST muscles

Answer 41

triceps

Question 42

What root damage causes Erbs palsy

Answer 42

C5-C6

Question 43

what movement causes nerve damage associated with erbs palsy

Answer 43

increased angle from neck and shoulder (damaging C5 and C6)

Question 44

what does erbs palsy present as

Answer 44

rotated arm pronated and flexed forearm

Question 45

what nerve damage is associated with Klumpes Palsy

Answer 45

C8-T1

Question 46

what movement causes nerve damage associated with Klumpkes palsy

Answer 46

excessive abduction of arm damages C8-T1

Question 47

What are 3 symptoms of Klumpkes palsy

Answer 47

atrophy of forearm no sensation in medial hand or forearm loss of hand movement

Question 48

what is compartment syndrome

Answer 48

compression of nerves and blood vessels around a muscle caused by swelling or bleeding

Question 49

what are the symptoms of compartment syndrome (6 Ps)

Answer 49

pain parasthesia porkilothermia pallor paralysis pulslessness

Question 50

what is treatment of compartment syndrome

Answer 50

fasciotomy

Question 51

what is Volkmanns Ischemic contraction presentation

Answer 51

permanent flexion contracture of the hand at the wrist

Question 52

what causes Volkmanns Ischemic contraction

Answer 52

inadequate blood supply to tissue (laceration of brachial artery or compartment syndrome)