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MSK > Injury of the upper limb > Flashcards

Injury of the upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

what is a common cause of clavicle fracture

A

fall on shoulder or outstretched hand

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2
Q

what is a clear symptom of clavicle fracture

A

shoulder drop
weight of arm pulls lateral fragment up whist sternomastoid muscle pushes medial fragment up

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3
Q

other than brachial plexus injury what is a complication of a clavicle fracture

A

lung puncture

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4
Q

what nerve would be damaged in a proximal humerus fracture

A

axillary nerve

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5
Q

what nerve would be damaged with a distal humerus fracture

A

radial nerve

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6
Q

what is the nerve damage in glenohumeral dislocation

A

axillary nerve
- can be during the injury or in proscess of realignment

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7
Q

what is the clinical name for nursemaid elbow

A

annular ligament displacement

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8
Q

what causes annular ligament displacement

A

sudden pulling ore twisting of the arm

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9
Q

what does an annular ligament displacement present as

A

NO swelling or bruising, not holding arm straight, not using arm

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10
Q

describe the fragment displacement in a colles fracture at radial head

A

fragment is displaced dorsally

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11
Q

how does a colles fracture present

A

dinnerfork deformity

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12
Q

list 3 complications of a colles fracture

A

compartment syndrome
carpal tunnel
median nerve palsy

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13
Q

describe the fragment displacement in a smiths fracture at radial head

A

fragment is displaced towards palmar side

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14
Q

how does a smiths fracture present

A

garden spade deformity

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15
Q

what is a complication of a smiths fracture

A

carpal tunnel

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16
Q

what is a complication of scaphoid fracture

A

avascular necrosis

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17
Q

if not on x-ray how can you diagnose a scaphoid fracture

A

tenderness in anatomical snuff box

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18
Q

where is the pain in tennis elbow

A

lateral epicondyle

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19
Q

where is the pain in golfers elbow

A

medial epicondyle

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20
Q

what causes tennis/golfers elbow

A

repetitive strain

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21
Q

what nerve damage can cause winged scapula

A

long thoracic nerve

22
Q

what is winged scapula

A

paralysis of serrates anterior, causing the scapula to stick out

23
Q

what movements are affected in musculocutaneous nerve damage

A

flexion and supination

24
Q

where is the loss of feeling if musculocutaneous nerve is damaged

A

lateral forearm

25
Q

where is the loss of sensation when axillary nerve is damaged

A

sergeants patch area

26
Q

what movement cant be tested to diagnose axillary nerve damage

A

loss of abduction above 15 degrees

27
Q

what muscles atrophy if axillary nerve is damaged

A

deltoid

28
Q

what nerve is damaged if a patient presents with ape hand deformity

A

median nerve

29
Q

what is anterior intrasseous syndrome

A

median nerve damage causes weakness in thumb movement, cant make OK sign

30
Q

describe hand of benediction

A

cant flex thumb, index and middle finger due to median nerve damage

31
Q

XXX At elbow causes median nerve damage

A

cubital tunnel syndrome

32
Q

XXX or XXX at wrist causes median nerve damage

A

cubital tunnel syndrome or laceration

33
Q

what compartment in wrist can cause ulnar nerve damage

A

guyons canal

34
Q

cause of ulnar nerve damage at elbow (2)

A

cubital tunnel syndrome
medial epicondyle of humerus fracture

35
Q

name 2 causes of radial nerve damage

A

shaft of humerus fracture
compression of posterior humerus

36
Q

symptoms of radial nerve damage (3)
clue is Saturday night palsy

A

wrist drop
cant do thumbs up
weakness of BEAST muscles

37
Q

what is the B in BEAST muscles

A

Brachialis, brachioradialis

38
Q

what is the E in BEAST muscles

A

extensor muscle of forearm

39
Q

what is the A in BEAST muscles

A

anconeus

40
Q

what is the S in BEAST muscles

A

supinator

41
Q

what is the T in BEAST muscles

A

triceps

42
Q

What root damage causes Erbs palsy

A

C5-C6

43
Q

what movement causes nerve damage associated with erbs palsy

A

increased angle from neck and shoulder (damaging C5 and C6)

44
Q

what does erbs palsy present as

A

rotated arm
pronated and flexed forearm

45
Q

what nerve damage is associated with Klumpes Palsy

A

C8-T1

46
Q

what movement causes nerve damage associated with Klumpkes palsy

A

excessive abduction of arm damages C8-T1

47
Q

What are 3 symptoms of Klumpkes palsy

A

atrophy of forearm
no sensation in medial hand or forearm
loss of hand movement

48
Q

what is compartment syndrome

A

compression of nerves and blood vessels around a muscle caused by swelling or bleeding

49
Q

what are the symptoms of compartment syndrome (6 Ps)

A

pain
parasthesia
porkilothermia
pallor
paralysis
pulslessness

50
Q

what is treatment of compartment syndrome

A

fasciotomy

51
Q

what is Volkmanns Ischemic contraction presentation

A

permanent flexion contracture of the hand at the wrist

52
Q

what causes Volkmanns Ischemic contraction

A

inadequate blood supply to tissue
(laceration of brachial artery or compartment syndrome)

MSK (15 decks)

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