enzymes and proteins Flashcards
what occurs in initiation
enzymes of transcription bind to enhancer region
what does RNA polymerase do in transcription
binds free nucleotides to DNA template strand
what does helices do in RNA transcription
breaks hydrogen bonds in DNA molecules
what is removed in splicing
introns- non coding regions of DNA
where does translation occur (what organelle)
ribosomes
what are the 3 types of gene mutation
deletion
substitution
insertion
what is the quaternary structure of a red blood cell
2x alpha helix
2x beta pleated sheet
iron molecule
what is different about the quaternary structure of RBC in someone who has sickle cell anaemia
the are missing a beta pleated sheet
what is sickle cell anaemia
low red blood cell count s when they are deoxygenated they are destroyed
what is the gene mutation associated with cystic fibrosis
early stop codon/ wrong code of CTFR ion channel protein
what is cystic fibrosis
imbalance of salt and fluid in the lung creating a thick mucus
what is feedback control in enzyme regulation
product binds to allosteric site on enzyme, changing shape of active site
what is protein kinases in enzyme regulation
they add phosphate group to enzyme changing shape of active site
define isozymes
variations of an enzyme that catalyse the same reaction but have different properties
describe a competitive inhibitor
blocks active site
