Muscles

Question 1

Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 1

an inherited disorder characterized by progressive proximal muscle weakness with destruction of muscle fibers and replacement with connective tissue – death in 20’s, blood creatine kinase levels elevated, some mentally challenged

Question 2

Muscular Dystrophy cause

Answer 2

genetic related absence of Dystrophin, a muscle membrane protein

Question 3

Muscular Dystrophy initial symptoms

Answer 3

waddling gaits, falls, difficulty standing/climbing or descending stairs, muscle wasting, contractures, cardiac involvement, respiratory muscle weakness with complications

Question 4

Muscular Dystrophy therapy

Answer 4

daily steroids produce long term symptom improvement, exercise as long as possible, surgery for contractures, pneumonia vaccine, physical therapy

Question 5

Contractures

Answer 5

any condition that affects mobility or range of motion of a join
usually involves fiber deposition in the skin, fascia, muscle or joint capsule

Question 6

Chart

Answer 6

SLIDE 65

Question 7

Muscle Spindles

Answer 7

Detect change in muscle length and rate of change in muscle length
arranged in parallel with actual muscle fibers
fine motor: 120 spindles per g of muscle
Bulk Movement: 5 spindles per g of muscle

Question 8

Myotatic Stretch Reflex

Answer 8

“smooths out” or “dampens” movements, stabilizes body during fine motor tasks

Question 9

Overactive MSR

Answer 9

hyperactivity of cortex leads to upper motor neuron lesion (stroke, tumor, injury)
muscle spasticity, positive babinski sign, dec limb strength & dexterity

Question 10

Under active MSR

Answer 10

Lower motor neuron lesion (MS, neuropathy)

loss of strength, less tone, muscle wasting and atrophy, muscle twitches

Question 11

Golgi Tendon Organs

Answer 11

Detect both magnitude and rate of tension development in a muscle
arranged in series with muscle units
less active, less numerous, and slower to react than spindles
responsible for autogenic inhibition

Question 12

Factors thought to contribute to fatigue and subsequent EIMC’s

Answer 12

exercising in hot, humid environments, dehydration, electrolyte deficiencies
hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypocalaemia, hypomagnesaemia
Overexertion - muscle hypoxia
distrubacnes in carbs, fat, protein metabolism
nutritional deficiencies

Question 13

EIMC

Answer 13

Exercise Induced Muscle Cramps

Question 14

Overproduction of ____ _____ motor neuron activity in a shortened muscle causes:

Answer 14

reflex alpha, CRAMPS

Question 15

Factors though to contribute to idiopathic leg cramps

Answer 15

metabolic disturbance, chronic or severe diarrhea, pregnancy, cirrhosis of liver, renal dialysis, thyroid disease, heavy alcohol ingestion, lead toxicity, disorders of lower motor neurons

Question 16

Treatment for Cramps

Answer 16

stretching, movement, massage, cold application, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, quinine

Question 17

Preventing Cramps

Answer 17

stretching, correction of muscle weakness and strength imbalances, conditioning to prevent onset of fatigue, strength training, proper nutrition, some common drugs