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Anatomy > muscles 1 > Flashcards

muscles 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal muscle functions

A
  • Produce skeletal movement
  • Maintain posture and body position
  • support soft tissues
  • guard entrances and exits
  • maintain body temperature
  • nutrient reserves
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2
Q

origin

A

attached to bone that remains relatively stationary during movement

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3
Q

insertion

A

attached to the bone that moves

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4
Q

synergistic muscles

A

work together for a common thing

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5
Q

antagonistic muscles

A

flexors and extensors

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6
Q

endomysium

A

covers individual muscle fibers

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7
Q

perimysium

A

sheathes bundles of muscle fibers (muscle fasicles)

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8
Q

What do endomysium and perimysium contain

A

blood vessels and nerves

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9
Q

epimysium

A

surrounds a muscle

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10
Q

deep fascia

A

wrap groups of cooperating muscles together

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11
Q

muscle cell=

A

muscle fiber

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12
Q

The muscle cell is how long?

A

as long as the muscle is

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13
Q

How are skeletal muscle cells formed?

A

formed during embryogenesis by end-to-end fusion of uni-nucleate myoblasts

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14
Q

Where do skeletal muscle cells come from?

A

Stem cells called satellite cells

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15
Q

thin myofilaments

A

actin

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16
Q

thick myofilaments

A

myosin

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17
Q

Bundles of myofilaments

A

myofibrils

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18
Q

muscle cell cytoplasm

A

sarcoplasm

19
Q

cell membrane

A

sarcolemma

20
Q

modified ER

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

21
Q

transverse tubules

A

narrow tubes of sarcolemma extend into cell at right angles to cell surface

22
Q

what do transverse tubules do?

A
  • conduct action potential deep into cell

- come in close contact w/sarcoplasmic reticulum

23
Q

What does the sarcolemma do?

A

an excitable membrane that conducts action potentials

24
Q

What does the sarcoplasmic reticulum do?

A
  • similar to ER
  • Forms a tubular network around each myofibril
  • terminal cisternae form triads w/ T tubules
  • Stores high concentration of ions needed for muscle contraction
25
Q

What are myofilaments made of?

A

Thick=myosin

thin=actin

26
Q

what are myofibrils?

A

bundles of myofilaments

27
Q

what do myofibril’s do?

A
  • can actively shorten

- anchored to inner surface of sarcolemma at either end of cell

28
Q

what are sarcomeres?

A

repeating units of myofilaments in myofibril

29
Q

I bands

A

light bands which contain only thin filaments

30
Q

A bands

A

Dark bands that contain thick filaments and some overlap w/ thin filaments

31
Q

H bands

A

only thick filaments

32
Q

Z disk

A

line that borders sarcomeres

33
Q

What interactions are responsible for muscle contraction?

A

thin filaments and thick filaments

34
Q

What slides over what to shorten the sarcomere?

A

thin slides over thick

35
Q

sliding filament model of muscle contraction

A

1) thin filaments slide over thick filaments
2) z lines are pulled closer together
3) I bands and H band narrow
4) A band stays the same width

36
Q

When is the maximum shortening of the sarcomere

A

When sarcomere is the width of the A ban, no I band or H band are visible

37
Q

What causes thin and thick myofilaments slide across each other?

A
  • Myosin filaments have projections extending out of the filament
  • projections bind to sites on actin filaments forming cross bridges
  • cross bridges pull the actin past the myosin using ATP
  • convert chemical energy to mechanical energy
38
Q

shape of myosin molecules

A

golf club shape

39
Q

which chemical prevents myosin head and actin interactions

A

tropomyosin

40
Q

tropomyosin cover the active sites of which filament?

A

actin

41
Q

what attaches tropomyosin strands to actin?

A

troponin

42
Q

How do cross bridges form?

A
  • Ca bonds to troponin
  • troponin moves, moving tropomyosin and exposing actin active site
  • myosin head form cross bridge to actin
  • bends to center, pulling actin
  • atp allows release of cross bridge
43
Q

how much Ca is around the sarcomere at rest?

A

low amounts

44
Q

Ca causes troponin to do what?

A

pull tropomyosin off of actin active sites

Anatomy (12 decks)

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