Muscle Tissue Histo Flashcards
1
Q
cytoplasm of a muscle cell
A
Sarcoplasm
2
Q
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum of a muscle cell
A
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
3
Q
Plasma Membrane or Plasmalemma of a muscle cell
A
Sarcolemma
4
Q
Muscle Fiber or Myofiber
A
Muscle Cell
5
Q
two or more primary tissues coming together form more complex tissue that preforms a complex function
A
Organ
6
Q
Can be talked about in levels of cell, tissue, and as an organ
A
Muscles
7
Q
Excitability (or Irritability)
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity
A
Characteristics of Muscle Tissue
8
Q
Muscle tissue responds to stimulus by producing electrical signal
A
Excitability (or Irritability)
9
Q
In a muscles cell the plasma membrane can produce a
A
action potential
10
Q
Muscles contraction requires
A
ATP
11
Q
Ability to return to original length after being shortened or stretched
A
Elasticity
12
Q
Can be stretched, which is a passive process
A
Extensibility
13
Q
Producing Movement Maintaining Posture Stabilizing Joints Generating Heat (i.e. Thermogenesis)
A
Functions of Muscle Tissue
14
Q
Use of ATP is not efficient and produced heat, can be done by shivering
A
Generating Heat (i.e. Thermogenesis)
15
Q
Muscle contraction that is under voluntary control
A
Skeletal muscle
16
Q
Muscle contraction that is under involuntary control
A
Cardiac & Smooth muscle
17
Q
Muscle contraction that is strong, quick contractions
A
Skeletal & cardiac muscle
18
Q
Muscle tissue that is striated
A
Skeletal & cardiac muscle
19
Q
Large, elongated, cylindrical, syncytial (multinucleated) cells
A
Skeletal muscle
20
Q
Nuclei are at the periphery and are oval shaped
A
Skeletal muscle
21
Q
Fusion of embryonic myoblasts (mesenchyme) creates characteristic ____ of ___ muscle cells
A
multinucleated, skeletal
22
Q
Muscle cells that are uninucleated cells but can sometimes have a second nucleus
A
Cardiac muscle
23
Q
Muscle cells that have centrally located nucleus
A
Cardiac and smooth
24
Q
Elongated and branched cells joined by intercalated discs
A
Cardiac muscle cells
25
Actin and myosin line up in a lattice so there is no striated board in the cells
Smooth muscle
26
Muscle cells that are uninucleated, fusiform cells
smooth muscle
27
Found in the walls of hollow organs that need to propel things in one direction
smooth muscle
28
Muscles tissue that is found places including the respiratory and the eye
smooth muscle
29
Likes to lay down in sheet together in the same direction
smooth muscle cells
30
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers in Humans that are slow, Red Oxidative Fibers
Type I
31
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers in Humans that are Fast, Intermediate Oxidative-Glycolytic Fibers
Type IIa
32
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers in Humans that are Fast, White Glycolytic Fibers
Type IIb
33
protein that binds oxygen & makes fiber look red
Myoglobin
34
Type of muscle fiber that are adapted for slow, continuous contractions over long periods, like in maintaining posture
Type I
35
Type of muscle fiber that have many mitochondria and lots of myoglobin (dark red color)
Type I
36
Type of muscle fiber that derive energy primarily from aerobic oxidative phosphorylation of fatty acids
Type I
37
Type of muscle fiber that have many mitochondria, and lots of myoglobin and glycogen (intermediate)
Type IIA
38
Type of muscle fiber that Utilize both oxidative metabolism and anaerobic glycolysis to produce energy
Type IIA
39
Type of muscle fiber that adapted for rapid contractions and short bursts of activity
Type IIA
40
Type of muscle fiber that have Fewer mitochondria and myoglobin, but LOTS of glycogen (pale color)
Type IIB
41
Type of muscle fiber that derive energy primarily via anaerobic glycolysis
Type IIB
42
Type of muscle fiber that are adapted for rapid contractions, but fatigue quickly
Type IIB
43
Yields glucose when hydrolyzed and is used for storage of energy in cells
Glycogen
44
Bisect the I bands
Z disc
45
bundles on contractile and regulatory proteins in a very regular pattern
Myofibrils
46
a structural unit of a myofibril in striated muscle, consisting of a dark band and the nearer half of each adjacent pale band
Sarcomere
47
Spands from Z disc to Z disc 1
Sarcomere
48
is made up sarcomeres repeating over and over
myofibril
49
Thin myofilaments
actin
50
Created by the pattern of the thick and thin filaments
Striated border
51
Thick myofilaments
Myosin
52
One end tied into the Z disc and other end is point towards the center of the sarcomere
Actin
53
Occupies entire A band
Myosin
54
Band that only contains actin
I band
55
Protein that’s connect one thick filaments to the next down the middle of the H zone
M line
56
portion of the A band that is missing the thin filaments, Thick myosin only
H zone
57
Changes size in contracted muscles
Sarcomere
58
Generation of force and potential of shortening
Contraction
59
Have respective binging sites
actin and myosin
60
During contraction these get smaller and could disappear
H zone and I bands
61
Pulls on the Z disc during contraction
Actin
62
Do the myofibrils get smaller during contraction?
No
63
when gets smaller during contraction?
sarcomeres & muscle cells
64
Stays the same length during contraction
A band
65
How many actin filaments surround the thick filaments is myofibrils
6
66
how many actin filaments does one myosin interact with?
all 6
67
The myosin binding on actin is block by what
Tropomyosin
68
the heads of myosin have binding sites for
Actin & ATP
69
Subunit of actin
G actin
70
G actin polymerize to form
F actin (fibrous actin)
71
Where are the myosin binding sites found on the actin
G subunit
72
Twists around actin & blocks the myosin binding sites on the g actin
Tropomyosin
73
Attaches the troponin to the tropomyosin
TNT
74
Subunit of troponin that binds calcium ions
TNC
75
Specialized smooth ER in skeletal muscle cells
sarcoplasmic reticulum
76
Job is to take up, store, and release calcium ions
sarcoplasmic reticulum
77
Extensions of the sarcolemma (muscle cell membrane) that penetrate into the centre of skeletal and cardiac muscle cells.
T-tubules
78
The structure formed by a T tubule with a sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) known as the terminal cisterna on either side
Triad
79
located at A band & I band junction
Triad
80
enlarged areas of sarcoplasmic reticulum
Terminal cisterna
81
what is in the Terminal cisterna
alone of calcium
82
What cause the confirmational change of regulatory proteins between the T-tubules and the Terminal cisterna
action potential (voltage sensitive)
83
what what the confrimational change of the triad regulatory proteins cause?
release of calcium
84
Final signal for contraction
influx of calcium
85
A chemical synapse between a motor (efferent) neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber (cell)
neuromuscular junction
86
The motor (efferent) neuron and all the muscle fibers (cells) it innervates
motor unit
87
How many cells can the motor neuron innervate ?
up to 160
88
where will you find small motor units?
fingers
89
where will you find larger motor units?
legs
90
comes across synaptic cleft and binds to ligand gates channels in the sarcolemma
ACH
91
How is ACH released from the axon terminal
exocytosis
92
When ACH binds to the ligand gated channels it cause Ca to come out and NA to go into the cell which creates what?
action potential
93
How does action potential get throughout the cell
T-tubules
94
Enters the axon terminals through voltage-gated calcium channels
Calcium
95
Calcium entry into the axon terminal triggers the release if what from axon terminals
ACh
96
ACh diffuses from axon terminals to _____ in muscle fibers
motor end plate
97
ACh binds to what on the motor end plate
nicotinic receptors
98
what does binding of ACh to nicotinic receptors increase the permeability of?
Na and K ions
99
Na moves into muscle fibers and K moves out cause what
depolarizing of the membrane
100
what does a depolarized cell membrane create?
EEP - end plate potential
101
action potential propagate over the muscle fiber surface and into the fibers through the
T-tubules
102
high energy myosin binds with the actin and forms the
cross-bridges
103
after the cross bridge is formed the ATP hydrolyzed products from the myosin head cause what
angular movement
104
What binds to myosin (second time) to release the cross bridge
ATP
105
How is the myosin head reenergized?
splitting of ATP
106
occurs because the cell membranes break down and cause release of Ca after death
rigor mortis
107
muscle fibers, nervous, and connective tissue
muscle- the organ
108
Around myofibril or cell
Endomysium
109
the sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fiber
perimysium
110
The fibrous tissue envelope that surrounds skeletal muscle
Epimysium
111
Connects epimysium to bones( by way of the periosteum)
tendons
112
connects tendons to bones
periosteum
113
Periosteum connect to bone through
sharpies fibers
114
Although cardiac muscles have action and myosin lined up why isn't the striation not as noticeable
less fibers
115
the t-tubules and the terminal cisterna for ____ in cardiac muscles
Diad
116
what is different about the signally in cardiac muscle than skeletal, due to the diad
less dense signal
117
anchoring junction that links actin (thin) filaments in cardiac muscle
fascia adherens
118
anchoring junction that links intermediate filaments in cardiac muscle
desmosome (macula adherens)
119
communicating junction for intracellular communication
gap junction
120
If one cell gets the signal to contract they all contract by way of
Gap junctions
121
Secretes their own endomysium
smooth muscle cells
122
lack a lot of connective tissue
smooth muscles
123
What does smooth muscles lack?
T tubules
124
Do smooth muscles have a sarcoplasmic reticulum
very little
125
When lattice of actin and myosin of smooth muscles contract the cell . . .
twist
126
Do the myofilaments of smooth muscles interact in the same way they do in other muscles?
yes
127
What do the myofilaments tie into in smooth muscles
dense bodies
