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Mia's Anatomy: Unit 3 > Muscle Tissue Histo > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Histo Flashcards

1
Q

cytoplasm of a muscle cell

A

Sarcoplasm

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2
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum of a muscle cell

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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3
Q

Plasma Membrane or Plasmalemma of a muscle cell

A

Sarcolemma

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4
Q

Muscle Fiber or Myofiber

A

Muscle Cell

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5
Q

two or more primary tissues coming together form more complex tissue that preforms a complex function

A

Organ

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6
Q

Can be talked about in levels of cell, tissue, and as an organ

A

Muscles

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7
Q

Excitability (or Irritability)
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity

A

Characteristics of Muscle Tissue

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8
Q

Muscle tissue responds to stimulus by producing electrical signal

A

Excitability (or Irritability)

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9
Q

In a muscles cell the plasma membrane can produce a

A

action potential

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10
Q

Muscles contraction requires

A

ATP

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11
Q

Ability to return to original length after being shortened or stretched

A

Elasticity

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12
Q

Can be stretched, which is a passive process

A

Extensibility

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13
Q 
Producing Movement
Maintaining Posture
Stabilizing Joints
Generating Heat (i.e. Thermogenesis)
A

Functions of Muscle Tissue

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14
Q

Use of ATP is not efficient and produced heat, can be done by shivering

A

Generating Heat (i.e. Thermogenesis)

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15
Q

Muscle contraction that is under voluntary control

A

Skeletal muscle

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16
Q

Muscle contraction that is under involuntary control

A

Cardiac & Smooth muscle

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17
Q

Muscle contraction that is strong, quick contractions

A

Skeletal & cardiac muscle

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18
Q

Muscle tissue that is striated

A

Skeletal & cardiac muscle

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19
Q

Large, elongated, cylindrical, syncytial (multinucleated) cells

A

Skeletal muscle

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20
Q

Nuclei are at the periphery and are oval shaped

A

Skeletal muscle

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21
Q

Fusion of embryonic myoblasts (mesenchyme) creates characteristic ____ of ___ muscle cells

A

multinucleated, skeletal

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22
Q

Muscle cells that are uninucleated cells but can sometimes have a second nucleus

A

Cardiac muscle

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23
Q

Muscle cells that have centrally located nucleus

A

Cardiac and smooth

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24
Q

Elongated and branched cells joined by intercalated discs

A

Cardiac muscle cells

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25
Q

Actin and myosin line up in a lattice so there is no striated board in the cells

A

Smooth muscle

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26
Q

Muscle cells that are uninucleated, fusiform cells

A

smooth muscle

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27
Q

Found in the walls of hollow organs that need to propel things in one direction

A

smooth muscle

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28
Q

Muscles tissue that is found places including the respiratory and the eye

A

smooth muscle

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29
Q

Likes to lay down in sheet together in the same direction

A

smooth muscle cells

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30
Q

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers in Humans that are slow, Red Oxidative Fibers

A

Type I

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31
Q

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers in Humans that are Fast, Intermediate Oxidative-Glycolytic Fibers

A

Type IIa

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32
Q

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers in Humans that are Fast, White Glycolytic Fibers

A

Type IIb

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33
Q

protein that binds oxygen & makes fiber look red

A

Myoglobin

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34
Q

Type of muscle fiber that are adapted for slow, continuous contractions over long periods, like in maintaining posture

A

Type I

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35
Q

Type of muscle fiber that have many mitochondria and lots of myoglobin (dark red color)

A

Type I

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36
Q

Type of muscle fiber that derive energy primarily from aerobic oxidative phosphorylation of fatty acids

A

Type I

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37
Q

Type of muscle fiber that have many mitochondria, and lots of myoglobin and glycogen (intermediate)

A

Type IIA

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38
Q

Type of muscle fiber that Utilize both oxidative metabolism and anaerobic glycolysis to produce energy

A

Type IIA

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39
Q

Type of muscle fiber that adapted for rapid contractions and short bursts of activity

A

Type IIA

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40
Q

Type of muscle fiber that have Fewer mitochondria and myoglobin, but LOTS of glycogen (pale color)

A

Type IIB

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41
Q

Type of muscle fiber that derive energy primarily via anaerobic glycolysis

A

Type IIB

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42
Q

Type of muscle fiber that are adapted for rapid contractions, but fatigue quickly

A

Type IIB

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43
Q

Yields glucose when hydrolyzed and is used for storage of energy in cells

A

Glycogen

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44
Q

Bisect the I bands

A

Z disc

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45
Q

bundles on contractile and regulatory proteins in a very regular pattern

A

Myofibrils

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46
Q

a structural unit of a myofibril in striated muscle, consisting of a dark band and the nearer half of each adjacent pale band

A

Sarcomere

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47
Q

Spands from Z disc to Z disc 1

A

Sarcomere

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48
Q

is made up sarcomeres repeating over and over

A

myofibril

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49
Q

Thin myofilaments

A

actin

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50
Q

Created by the pattern of the thick and thin filaments

A

Striated border

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51
Q

Thick myofilaments

A

Myosin

52
Q

One end tied into the Z disc and other end is point towards the center of the sarcomere

A

Actin

53
Q

Occupies entire A band

A

Myosin

54
Q

Band that only contains actin

A

I band

55
Q

Protein that’s connect one thick filaments to the next down the middle of the H zone

A

M line

56
Q

portion of the A band that is missing the thin filaments, Thick myosin only

A

H zone

57
Q

Changes size in contracted muscles

A

Sarcomere

58
Q

Generation of force and potential of shortening

A

Contraction

59
Q

Have respective binging sites

A

actin and myosin

60
Q

During contraction these get smaller and could disappear

A

H zone and I bands

61
Q

Pulls on the Z disc during contraction

A

Actin

62
Q

Do the myofibrils get smaller during contraction?

A

No

63
Q

when gets smaller during contraction?

A

sarcomeres & muscle cells

64
Q

Stays the same length during contraction

A

A band

65
Q

How many actin filaments surround the thick filaments is myofibrils

A

6

66
Q

how many actin filaments does one myosin interact with?

A

all 6

67
Q

The myosin binding on actin is block by what

A

Tropomyosin

68
Q

the heads of myosin have binding sites for

A

Actin & ATP

69
Q

Subunit of actin

A

G actin

70
Q

G actin polymerize to form

A

F actin (fibrous actin)

71
Q

Where are the myosin binding sites found on the actin

A

G subunit

72
Q

Twists around actin & blocks the myosin binding sites on the g actin

A

Tropomyosin

73
Q

Attaches the troponin to the tropomyosin

A

TNT

74
Q

Subunit of troponin that binds calcium ions

A

TNC

75
Q

Specialized smooth ER in skeletal muscle cells

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

76
Q

Job is to take up, store, and release calcium ions

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

77
Q

Extensions of the sarcolemma (muscle cell membrane) that penetrate into the centre of skeletal and cardiac muscle cells.

A

T-tubules

78
Q

The structure formed by a T tubule with a sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) known as the terminal cisterna on either side

A

Triad

79
Q

located at A band & I band junction

A

Triad

80
Q

enlarged areas of sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Terminal cisterna

81
Q

what is in the Terminal cisterna

A

alone of calcium

82
Q

What cause the confirmational change of regulatory proteins between the T-tubules and the Terminal cisterna

A

action potential (voltage sensitive)

83
Q

what what the confrimational change of the triad regulatory proteins cause?

A

release of calcium

84
Q

Final signal for contraction

A

influx of calcium

85
Q

A chemical synapse between a motor (efferent) neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber (cell)

A

neuromuscular junction

86
Q

The motor (efferent) neuron and all the muscle fibers (cells) it innervates

A

motor unit

87
Q

How many cells can the motor neuron innervate ?

A

up to 160

88
Q

where will you find small motor units?

A

fingers

89
Q

where will you find larger motor units?

A

legs

90
Q

comes across synaptic cleft and binds to ligand gates channels in the sarcolemma

A

ACH

91
Q

How is ACH released from the axon terminal

A

exocytosis

92
Q

When ACH binds to the ligand gated channels it cause Ca to come out and NA to go into the cell which creates what?

A

action potential

93
Q

How does action potential get throughout the cell

A

T-tubules

94
Q

Enters the axon terminals through voltage-gated calcium channels

A

Calcium

95
Q

Calcium entry into the axon terminal triggers the release if what from axon terminals

A

ACh

96
Q

ACh diffuses from axon terminals to _____ in muscle fibers

A

motor end plate

97
Q

ACh binds to what on the motor end plate

A

nicotinic receptors

98
Q

what does binding of ACh to nicotinic receptors increase the permeability of?

A

Na and K ions

99
Q

Na moves into muscle fibers and K moves out cause what

A

depolarizing of the membrane

100
Q

what does a depolarized cell membrane create?

A

EEP - end plate potential

101
Q

action potential propagate over the muscle fiber surface and into the fibers through the

A

T-tubules

102
Q

high energy myosin binds with the actin and forms the

A

cross-bridges

103
Q

after the cross bridge is formed the ATP hydrolyzed products from the myosin head cause what

A

angular movement

104
Q

What binds to myosin (second time) to release the cross bridge

A

ATP

105
Q

How is the myosin head reenergized?

A

splitting of ATP

106
Q

occurs because the cell membranes break down and cause release of Ca after death

A

rigor mortis

107
Q

muscle fibers, nervous, and connective tissue

A

muscle- the organ

108
Q

Around myofibril or cell

A

Endomysium

109
Q

the sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fiber

A

perimysium

110
Q

The fibrous tissue envelope that surrounds skeletal muscle

A

Epimysium

111
Q

Connects epimysium to bones( by way of the periosteum)

A

tendons

112
Q

connects tendons to bones

A

periosteum

113
Q

Periosteum connect to bone through

A

sharpies fibers

114
Q

Although cardiac muscles have action and myosin lined up why isn’t the striation not as noticeable

A

less fibers

115
Q

the t-tubules and the terminal cisterna for ____ in cardiac muscles

A

Diad

116
Q

what is different about the signally in cardiac muscle than skeletal, due to the diad

A

less dense signal

117
Q

anchoring junction that links actin (thin) filaments in cardiac muscle

A

fascia adherens

118
Q

anchoring junction that links intermediate filaments in cardiac muscle

A

desmosome (macula adherens)

119
Q

communicating junction for intracellular communication

A

gap junction

120
Q

If one cell gets the signal to contract they all contract by way of

A

Gap junctions

121
Q

Secretes their own endomysium

A

smooth muscle cells

122
Q

lack a lot of connective tissue

A

smooth muscles

123
Q

What does smooth muscles lack?

A

T tubules

124
Q

Do smooth muscles have a sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

very little

125
Q

When lattice of actin and myosin of smooth muscles contract the cell . . .

A

twist

126
Q

Do the myofilaments of smooth muscles interact in the same way they do in other muscles?

A

yes

127
Q

What do the myofilaments tie into in smooth muscles

A

dense bodies

Mia's Anatomy: Unit 3 (7 decks)

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