Back and Vertebral column Flashcards by Mia Jacobs

the skull, ribs, vertebrae make up the

Axial skeleton

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Adjacent vertebral bodies are separated by intervertebral disc that are

fibrocartilaginous

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projects posteriorly and generally inferiorly from the roof of the vertebral arch

Spinous process

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Part of the vertebrae that restrict movements

Articular processes

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Part of the vertebrae that protection of the spinal cord

Vertebral arch

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Part of the vertebrae that support of body weight (i.e. the more inferior, the larger – more weight)

Vertebral body

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Vertebrae that has the dens

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what rams pass through the anterior foramina of the sacrum

Ventral

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what rams pass through the posterior foramina of the sacrum

Dorsal

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Portion of the spinal cord that passes through the sacral canal

Cauda equina

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What surrounds the Cauda equina

dura matter (meninges)

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continues all the way up to the point where the cords exits canal

Dura matter

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Spinal nerves exit the intervertebral foramen inferior to the vertebrae of the corresponding spinal level for which the nerve is named, EXCEPT

C1-C7

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C1-C7 exit the intervertebral foramen ______ to the vertebrae of the corresponding spinal level for which the nerve is name

superior

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The vertebral column is innervated by the

(recurrent) meningeal branches

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Where do the recurrent) meningeal branches come of f of

Spinal nerves

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All venus drainage of the vertebral column is

anastomotic

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vertebral anastomotic plexus are

extra dural

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The segmental arteries of the spine have ___ anterior and ____ posterior that run the length of the cord

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How do the arteries of the spinal cord travel to their destination

through vertebral foramen via spinal nerves

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Where is the extra dural venus plexus located in

extra dural fat

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The vertebral plexus then drains into what that connect with the systemic veins

segmentally arranged vessels

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Anchor upper limb to axial skeleton

Superficial Back Musculature

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Assist in respiration

Intermediate Back Musculature

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Maintain posture; act on vertebral column (raise & lower spine)

Deep Back Musculature

Because they function to move the appendicular skeleton, the Back Musculature may also be referred to as the

appendicular group

Muscle elevates, depresses & retracts scapula

Trapezius m

The neuro-vasculature of this muscle is the accessory n. (CN XI) & C3, C4; & transverse cervical vessels

Trapezius m

Provided proprioception to the | Trapezius m

C3, C4

runs deep to trapezius m, posteriorly from intervertebral foramina

Ventral rami of C3-C4

runs deep to trapezius m, posteroinferiorly from jugular foramen

Accessory n. (CNXI)

ability to sense position, location, orientation and movement of the body and/or parts of the body

Proprioception

Artery and vein that run deep to the trapezius muscle

Transverse cervical

Muscle that adducts, extends & medially rotates humerus

Latissimus dorsi

The neuro-vasculature of this muscle is the thoracodorsal n. & vessels & intercostal vessels

Latissimus dorsi

Muscle that elevates scapula

Levator scapula

The neuro-vasculature of this muscle is the C3, C4, & dorsal scapular n. & vessels

Levator scapula

Muscle that retract (adducts) & elevates scapula

Rhomboid minor and major

The neuro-vasculature of this muscle is the dorsal scapular n. & vessels

Rhomboid minor and major

muscle fiber are very vertical and tendonus attachment like rectus ab.

Semispinalis

Bilaterally - extend neck; individually – rotate head/face ipsilaterally ( towards the same side as the contraction)

Splenius Cervicis

Bilaterally - draw head backward and extend neck; individually – rotate head/face ipsilaterally

Splenius capitus

The neuro-vasculature of this muscle is the posterior rami of the middle and lower cervical nn

Splenius capitus

what muscle does the Greater Occipital N. C2 pass through

semispinalis capitis m

a small group of deep mm in the upper cervical region at the base of the occipital bone that move the head

Suboccipital mm

Where do the Suboccipital mm connect

C1, C2 vertebrae & base of skull.

She suboccipital mm are innervated by

C1 (posterior ramus)

muscle that erect spine (postural mm.) 1° extensors of spine & head

Erector Spinae Mm

The neuro-vasculature of this muscle is the dorsal rami of spinal nn. & lumbar & intercostal vessels

Erector Spinae Mm

Muscle that laterally flexes & rotates spine unilaterally

Multifidus M

The neuro-vasculature of this muscle is the dorsal rami of spinal nn. & lumbar vessels

Multifidus M

Why does the multifidus m act unilaterally

organization of the fibers

Muscle that rotate spine Bilaterally – extend vertebral column

Rotatores M

The neuro-vasculature of this muscle is the dorsal rami of spinal nn. & intercostal vessels

Rotatores M

Between spinous processes and is a minor extensors of spine

Interspinalis

Between transverse processes and is a minor lateral flexors of spine

Intertransversarius

From transverse processes to ribs and is a minor elevators of ribs (inspiration)

Levatores costarum

Superficial innervation of the back muscles

Ventral rami

the superficial and intermediate innervation of the back muscles is ventral due to

migration from ventrum / embryological origin

intermediate innervation of the back muscles

Ventral rami

Deep innervation of the back muscles

Dorsal rami

The deep muscles of the back are innervated by the dorsal rami due to

embryological origin

Ventral embryological origin

hypaxial muscles

Dorsal embryological origin

epaxial muscles

Not really a muscle of the back but a muscle of the upper limb

Serratus Anterior m.

Muscle that protracts scapula & holds it to body wall

Serratus Anterior m.

The neuro-vasculature of this muscle is the long thoracic n. & lateral thoracic vessels

Serratus Anterior m.

Where is the triangle of auscultation

6th intercostal space

Superior = Trapezius m. Inferior = Latissimus dorsi m. Lateral = Rhomboid major m. Floor (deep) = 6th intercostal space are the boundaries or the

triangle of auscultation

When is the triangle of auscultation exposed

when scapula is protracted

What can help you find the triangle of auscultation

boney borders

``` Boundaries are: Medial = Latissimus dorsi m. Lateral = External oblique m. Inferior = Iliac crest Floor (deep) = Internal oblique m. ```

Lumbar triangle

can become a site of lumbar hernia

Lumbar triangle