Bone Histology Articulate Flashcards
1
Q
what type of tissue is bone?
A
connective
2
Q
mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into _______, which are cells associated with developing bone tissue
A
osteoblasts
3
Q
mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into hematopoietic stem which can produce
A
osteoclasts
4
Q
Support Protection Mechanical Basis for Movement Storage Blood Cell Formation (i.e., Hematopoiesis)
A
Functions of bones
5
Q
occurs in red bone marrow, which can be found in the marrow cavities, along with other locations in the bone
A
Hematopoiesis
6
Q
yellow bone marrow contains white or unilocular adipose cells which
A
store triglycerides
7
Q
Bones that are longer than they are wide and have a shaft plus two end parts
A
Long bones
8
Q
All bones of the extremities except the patella, carpel (wrist region) bones, and tarsal (ankle region) bones
A
Long bones
9
Q
Bones that are approximately cubed in shape
A
Short bones
10
Q
these includes the carpel bones and tarsal bones
A
Short bones
11
Q
Bones that are thin, flattened, and plate-like
A
Flat bones
12
Q
The sternum, scapulae, ribs, and most of skull bones are considered
A
Flat bones
13
Q
Bones that are bones that have a complicated shape.
A
Irregular bones
14
Q
This category includes the vertebrae and hip bones
A
Irregular bones
15
Q
Bones that are a special type of short bone that forms in a tendon
A
Sesamoid bones
16
Q
The only named sesamoid bones in the human body are
A
patellar bones
17
Q
These bones act to alter the direction of the pull of the tendon
A
Sesamoid bones
18
Q
Two types of gross observation of bone
A
Compact and spongy
19
Q
looks solid to the naked eye, but it actually isn’t
A
Compact or cortical bone
20
Q
bone contains thin bone spicules called trabeculae
A
Spongy or cancellous bone
21
Q
What is the formal name for the shaft of the long bone
A
diaphysis
22
Q
The medullary cavity or marrow cavity is filled with
A
Red or yellow marrow
23
Q
Are the bone ends
A
Epiphyses
24
Q
Compact bone on outside with a MEDULLARY or MARROW CAVITY on inside
A
diaphysis
25
Composed of compact bone on outside and spongy bone on inside
Epiphyses
26
The flared portions of bone between the diaphysis and the epiphyses
Metaphyses
27
found between the metaphysis and the epiphysis in those individuals that are still growing
epiphyseal plate
28
found between the metaphysis and the epiphysis when we become adults and are done growing of hyaline cartilage is replace with bone
epiphyseal line
29
The activities that take place in the ______ allow the long bone to grow length-wise
epiphyseal plate
30
The membrane that covers the external surface of bones
periosteum
31
Outer layer of periosteum is
dense irregular CT
32
Inner layer of periosteum is
osteogenic layer
33
osteogenic layer of periosteum contains
osteogenic cells: osteoblasts, and osteoclasts
34
The periosteum is connected to the underlying bone via
PERFORATING (SHARPEY'S) FIBERS
35
Covers the internal surfaces of bone including the trabeculae of spongy bone and lines all the canals that pass through compact bone.
Endosteum
36
a very delicate membrane that contains osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts
Endosteum
37
cushions opposing bone ends during movement and absorbs different stresses
hyaline cartilage
38
what tendons are attached to
periosteum
39
in the center of all bones excepting bones, have spongy bone specifically now referred to as
diploë
40
the trabeculae are laid down along
Stress lines
41
type I collagen and bone matrix proteins (BMPs)
Osteoid (Organic)
42
hydroxyapatite crystals [Ca10(P04)6(OH)2]
Inorganic
43
GAGs (ex. hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate), glycoproteins, osteocalsin, and osteonectin
BMP
44
A vitamin K-dependent polypeptide, which is important in promotion of the calcification of the bone matrix
Osteocalsin
45
The inorganic portion is represents how of the dry weight of bone matrix
50%
46
The must abundant component of the inorganic portion is
hydroxyapatite crystals
47
The association between the collagen fibers and the inorganic portion (i.e., the hydroxyapatite crystals) that are responsible for the
hardness and resistance of bone
48
Mesenchymal stem cells and have the potential to divide by mitosis and differentiate into osteoblasts
Osteoprogenitor or osteogenic cells
49
FDound in the inner layer of the periosteum and in the endosteum
Osteoprogenitor or osteogenic cells
50
responsible for the synthesis and secretion of the organic component of bone matrix known as osteoid
Osteoblasts
51
depositing of the inorganic matrix
calcification of bone
52
When osteoblasts secrete so much matrix that they encase themselves in the matrix, their name switches to
osteocytes
53
In bones these cells sit in lacunae in the matrix they maintain
Osteocytes
54
As they transition from osteoblasts, they extend long cytoplasmic extensions that are found in small tunnels called
canaliculi
55
Have reduced rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and Golgi complex and more condensed chromatin than osteoblasts
Osteocytes
56
large, multinucleated, motile cells that remove bone
osteoclasts
57
Are derived from the same stem cells that produce macrophages
osteoclasts
58
Are formed from the fusion of several cells called monocytes
osteoclasts
59
what do osteoclasts secrete to dissolve bone?
enzymes and hydrogen ions
60
Osteoclasts sit in pits they create
Resorption bay
61
Resorption bay where the cell is actively working to break down bone matrix have a
Ruffled border
62
Can look almost like an simple epithelium with a somewhat cuboidal shape
osteoblasts
63
osteoblasts containing a large amount of
RER
64
It is thought that osteoblasts besides secreting type I collagen, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans as part of the osteoid, they also secrete
osteocalsin
65
Osteocalsin and certain glycoproteins bind what to raise local concentration of calcium
Ca2+
66
The high concentration of both Ca+2 and PO4 causes what to form on matrix vesicles
crystals
67
These crystals continue to grow and mineralize further into
hydroxyapatite crystals
68
surround the collagen fibers and form mineralized bone
hydroxyapatite crystals
69
how do the osteocytes get the nutrients they need and get rid of waste products?
cytoplasmic processes
70
What connects osteocytes for transfer of nutrients
Gap junctions
71
what causes the ruffled border where the cell is actively working to break down bone matrix
plasma infoldings
72
The area surrounding the ruffled border is rich in
Actin filament
73
what adheres the osteoclasts to the bone matrix
actin filaments
74
Is the first bone to develop in embryonic development and in fracture repair
Primary bone
75
Also known as woven bone or immature bone
Primary bone
76
The collagen fibers are laid down in a random arrangement
Primary bone
77
Which type of bone is temporary
Primary bone
78
also known as lamellar bone or mature bone
secondary bone
79
The collagen fibers are arranged in layers with all the fibers in parallel direction or concentrically around a vascular canal
secondary bone
80
Are both compact and spongy bone comprised of the same bone tissue
Yes, secondary
81
Central or Haversian canals and their repeating concentric layers of lamellae that compose what?
Osteon or Haversian system
82
The collagen fibers in each lamella are parallel or perpendicular?
parallel
83
How to the collagen fibers of one lamella relate to the next?
90 degree angle
84
What is the outermost boundary of each osteon is called?
cement line
85
What is important about they cement line?
Rich in collagen
86
In long bones, the osteons of compact bone are long and parallel to what?
the long axis of the diaphysis
87
Are lined with endosteum and contain blood vessels, nerves, and loose connective tissue
Central canals
88
How do the central canals communicate with the marrow cavity and the periosteum?
transverse or oblique perforating canals
89
Do perforating canals have concentric lamellae surrounding them?
No
90
what are the types of lamella that aren't associated with osteons
circumferential lamellae
91
Where is circumferential lamellae found?
Inner & outer layers
92
Between the osteons are numerous parallel lamellae creating what are known as
interstitial lamellae
93
Remnants of old osteons that have been remodeled
interstitial lamellae
94
What is found just deep to the periosteum
external circumferential lamellae
95
What makes decalcified bone matrix eosinophilic
type I collagen
96
What lines the medullary cavity
endosteum
97
What is just superficial to the the endosteum
inner circumferential lamellae
98
What is another name for perforating canals?
Volkmann's canal
99
At what angle do perforating canals enter the central canal of an osteon
oblique
100
These canals allow the central canals to communicate with the marrow cavity and the periosteum
perforating canals
101
Where are blood vessels located in bones?
Central canals & marrow cavity
102
What enters behind the osteoclasts after they have tunneled through existing matrix
osteoprogenitor cells
103
What develops from osteoprogenitor cells to line the tunnel created by osteoclasts
osteoblasts
104
What do osteoblasts lay down?
osteoid
105
What is spongy bone composed of?
Lamellae only
106
How do do the osteocytes of spongy bone get their nutrients
surrounding marrow
107
produce osteoid and signal for its mineralization
Osteoblasts
