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Mia's Anatomy: Unit 3 > Bone Histology Articulate > Flashcards

Bone Histology Articulate Flashcards

1
Q

what type of tissue is bone?

A

connective

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2
Q

mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into _______, which are cells associated with developing bone tissue

A

osteoblasts

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3
Q

mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into hematopoietic stem which can produce

A

osteoclasts

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4
Q 
Support 
Protection
Mechanical Basis for Movement
Storage 
Blood Cell Formation (i.e., Hematopoiesis)
A

Functions of bones

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5
Q

occurs in red bone marrow, which can be found in the marrow cavities, along with other locations in the bone

A

Hematopoiesis

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6
Q

yellow bone marrow contains white or unilocular adipose cells which

A

store triglycerides

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7
Q

Bones that are longer than they are wide and have a shaft plus two end parts

A

Long bones

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8
Q

All bones of the extremities except the patella, carpel (wrist region) bones, and tarsal (ankle region) bones

A

Long bones

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9
Q

Bones that are approximately cubed in shape

A

Short bones

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10
Q

these includes the carpel bones and tarsal bones

A

Short bones

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11
Q

Bones that are thin, flattened, and plate-like

A

Flat bones

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12
Q

The sternum, scapulae, ribs, and most of skull bones are considered

A

Flat bones

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13
Q

Bones that are bones that have a complicated shape.

A

Irregular bones

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14
Q

This category includes the vertebrae and hip bones

A

Irregular bones

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15
Q

Bones that are a special type of short bone that forms in a tendon

A

Sesamoid bones

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16
Q

The only named sesamoid bones in the human body are

A

patellar bones

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17
Q

These bones act to alter the direction of the pull of the tendon

A

Sesamoid bones

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18
Q

Two types of gross observation of bone

A

Compact and spongy

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19
Q

looks solid to the naked eye, but it actually isn’t

A

Compact or cortical bone

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20
Q

bone contains thin bone spicules called trabeculae

A

Spongy or cancellous bone

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21
Q

What is the formal name for the shaft of the long bone

A

diaphysis

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22
Q

The medullary cavity or marrow cavity is filled with

A

Red or yellow marrow

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23
Q

Are the bone ends

A

Epiphyses

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24
Q

Compact bone on outside with a MEDULLARY or MARROW CAVITY on inside

A

diaphysis

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25
Q

Composed of compact bone on outside and spongy bone on inside

A

Epiphyses

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26
Q

The flared portions of bone between the diaphysis and the epiphyses

A

Metaphyses

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27
Q

found between the metaphysis and the epiphysis in those individuals that are still growing

A

epiphyseal plate

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28
Q

found between the metaphysis and the epiphysis when we become adults and are done growing of hyaline cartilage is replace with bone

A

epiphyseal line

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29
Q

The activities that take place in the ______ allow the long bone to grow length-wise

A

epiphyseal plate

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30
Q

The membrane that covers the external surface of bones

A

periosteum

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31
Q

Outer layer of periosteum is

A

dense irregular CT

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32
Q

Inner layer of periosteum is

A

osteogenic layer

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33
Q

osteogenic layer of periosteum contains

A

osteogenic cells: osteoblasts, and osteoclasts

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34
Q

The periosteum is connected to the underlying bone via

A

PERFORATING (SHARPEY’S) FIBERS

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35
Q

Covers the internal surfaces of bone including the trabeculae of spongy bone and lines all the canals that pass through compact bone.

A

Endosteum

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36
Q

a very delicate membrane that contains osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts

A

Endosteum

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37
Q

cushions opposing bone ends during movement and absorbs different stresses

A

hyaline cartilage

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38
Q

what tendons are attached to

A

periosteum

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39
Q

in the center of all bones excepting bones, have spongy bone specifically now referred to as

A

diploë

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40
Q

the trabeculae are laid down along

A

Stress lines

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41
Q

type I collagen and bone matrix proteins (BMPs)

A

Osteoid (Organic)

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42
Q

hydroxyapatite crystals [Ca10(P04)6(OH)2]

A

Inorganic

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43
Q

GAGs (ex. hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate), glycoproteins, osteocalsin, and osteonectin

A

BMP

44
Q

A vitamin K-dependent polypeptide, which is important in promotion of the calcification of the bone matrix

A

Osteocalsin

45
Q

The inorganic portion is represents how of the dry weight of bone matrix

A

50%

46
Q

The must abundant component of the inorganic portion is

A

hydroxyapatite crystals

47
Q

The association between the collagen fibers and the inorganic portion (i.e., the hydroxyapatite crystals) that are responsible for the

A

hardness and resistance of bone

48
Q

Mesenchymal stem cells and have the potential to divide by mitosis and differentiate into osteoblasts

A

Osteoprogenitor or osteogenic cells

49
Q

FDound in the inner layer of the periosteum and in the endosteum

A

Osteoprogenitor or osteogenic cells

50
Q

responsible for the synthesis and secretion of the organic component of bone matrix known as osteoid

A

Osteoblasts

51
Q

depositing of the inorganic matrix

A

calcification of bone

52
Q

When osteoblasts secrete so much matrix that they encase themselves in the matrix, their name switches to

A

osteocytes

53
Q

In bones these cells sit in lacunae in the matrix they maintain

A

Osteocytes

54
Q

As they transition from osteoblasts, they extend long cytoplasmic extensions that are found in small tunnels called

A

canaliculi

55
Q

Have reduced rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and Golgi complex and more condensed chromatin than osteoblasts

A

Osteocytes

56
Q

large, multinucleated, motile cells that remove bone

A

osteoclasts

57
Q

Are derived from the same stem cells that produce macrophages

A

osteoclasts

58
Q

Are formed from the fusion of several cells called monocytes

A

osteoclasts

59
Q

what do osteoclasts secrete to dissolve bone?

A

enzymes and hydrogen ions

60
Q

Osteoclasts sit in pits they create

A

Resorption bay

61
Q

Resorption bay where the cell is actively working to break down bone matrix have a

A

Ruffled border

62
Q

Can look almost like an simple epithelium with a somewhat cuboidal shape

A

osteoblasts

63
Q

osteoblasts containing a large amount of

A

RER

64
Q

It is thought that osteoblasts besides secreting type I collagen, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans as part of the osteoid, they also secrete

A

osteocalsin

65
Q

Osteocalsin and certain glycoproteins bind what to raise local concentration of calcium

A

Ca2+

66
Q

The high concentration of both Ca+2 and PO4 causes what to form on matrix vesicles

A

crystals

67
Q

These crystals continue to grow and mineralize further into

A

hydroxyapatite crystals

68
Q

surround the collagen fibers and form mineralized bone

A

hydroxyapatite crystals

69
Q

how do the osteocytes get the nutrients they need and get rid of waste products?

A

cytoplasmic processes

70
Q

What connects osteocytes for transfer of nutrients

A

Gap junctions

71
Q

what causes the ruffled border where the cell is actively working to break down bone matrix

A

plasma infoldings

72
Q

The area surrounding the ruffled border is rich in

A

Actin filament

73
Q

what adheres the osteoclasts to the bone matrix

A

actin filaments

74
Q

Is the first bone to develop in embryonic development and in fracture repair

A

Primary bone

75
Q

Also known as woven bone or immature bone

A

Primary bone

76
Q

The collagen fibers are laid down in a random arrangement

A

Primary bone

77
Q

Which type of bone is temporary

A

Primary bone

78
Q

also known as lamellar bone or mature bone

A

secondary bone

79
Q

The collagen fibers are arranged in layers with all the fibers in parallel direction or concentrically around a vascular canal

A

secondary bone

80
Q

Are both compact and spongy bone comprised of the same bone tissue

A

Yes, secondary

81
Q

Central or Haversian canals and their repeating concentric layers of lamellae that compose what?

A

Osteon or Haversian system

82
Q

The collagen fibers in each lamella are parallel or perpendicular?

A

parallel

83
Q

How to the collagen fibers of one lamella relate to the next?

A

90 degree angle

84
Q

What is the outermost boundary of each osteon is called?

A

cement line

85
Q

What is important about they cement line?

A

Rich in collagen

86
Q

In long bones, the osteons of compact bone are long and parallel to what?

A

the long axis of the diaphysis

87
Q

Are lined with endosteum and contain blood vessels, nerves, and loose connective tissue

A

Central canals

88
Q

How do the central canals communicate with the marrow cavity and the periosteum?

A

transverse or oblique perforating canals

89
Q

Do perforating canals have concentric lamellae surrounding them?

A

No

90
Q

what are the types of lamella that aren’t associated with osteons

A

circumferential lamellae

91
Q

Where is circumferential lamellae found?

A

Inner & outer layers

92
Q

Between the osteons are numerous parallel lamellae creating what are known as

A

interstitial lamellae

93
Q

Remnants of old osteons that have been remodeled

A

interstitial lamellae

94
Q

What is found just deep to the periosteum

A

external circumferential lamellae

95
Q

What makes decalcified bone matrix eosinophilic

A

type I collagen

96
Q

What lines the medullary cavity

A

endosteum

97
Q

What is just superficial to the the endosteum

A

inner circumferential lamellae

98
Q

What is another name for perforating canals?

A

Volkmann’s canal

99
Q

At what angle do perforating canals enter the central canal of an osteon

A

oblique

100
Q

These canals allow the central canals to communicate with the marrow cavity and the periosteum

A

perforating canals

101
Q

Where are blood vessels located in bones?

A

Central canals & marrow cavity

102
Q

What enters behind the osteoclasts after they have tunneled through existing matrix

A

osteoprogenitor cells

103
Q

What develops from osteoprogenitor cells to line the tunnel created by osteoclasts

A

osteoblasts

104
Q

What do osteoblasts lay down?

A

osteoid

105
Q

What is spongy bone composed of?

A

Lamellae only

106
Q

How do do the osteocytes of spongy bone get their nutrients

A

surrounding marrow

107
Q

produce osteoid and signal for its mineralization

A

Osteoblasts

Mia's Anatomy: Unit 3 (7 decks)

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