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Mia's Anatomy: Unit 3 > Development of the Musculoskeletal system > Flashcards

Development of the Musculoskeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

When does the development of the musculoskeletal system begin

A

4th week

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2
Q

how long does the development of the musculoskeletal system last

A

through fetal period and even after birth

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3
Q

What does skeletal tissue arise from

A

mesenchyme (regions differ)

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4
Q

Arises from mesenchyme derived from the scolerotom portion or mesodermal somites

A

axial skeleton

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5
Q

Arise from mesenchyme derived from the lateral plate mesoderm

A

appendicular skeleton

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6
Q

pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle and limbs

A

appendicular skeleton

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7
Q

the axial skeleton is what in origin

A

segmented

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8
Q

The bones or the face and some of the bones covering the brain arise from

A

Neural crest cells

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9
Q

Other Cranial bones arise from

A

Mesoderm

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10
Q

Vertebral column, ribs and neurocranium mesenchyme arise form

A

paraxial mesoderm

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11
Q

pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, limbs and sternum mesenchyme is developed from

A

lateral plate mesoderm

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12
Q

Viserocranium and hyoid mesenchyme is developed form

A

Neural crest cells

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13
Q

The roof and the base of the skull are developed from

A

paraxial mesoderm

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14
Q

Calvaria

A

Skull cap

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15
Q

Where are neural crest cells derived form

A

ectodermal origin

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16
Q

Anterolateral facial bones

A

Viserocranium

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17
Q

Bones encasing the brain

A

Nuerocranium

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18
Q

Nuerocranium is formed from what types of ossification

A

Membranous and cartilaginous

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19
Q

Neurocranium that is formed by cartilaginous ossification

A

base of the skull

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20
Q

Neurocranium that is formed by membranous ossification

A

Calvaria

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21
Q

Lesser wing of the sphenoid, petrous potion of the temporal bone, portions of the ethmoid and occipital bones

A

base fo the skull

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22
Q

membranous flexible joints of the skull in infants

A

sutures

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23
Q

enlarged membranous space where more than 2 bones meet

A

fontanelles

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24
Q

Area where the 2 parietal bones and frontal bones meet

A

anterior fontanelle

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25
Q

Spinal nerves in the cervical region (does/ does not) match the number of vertebrae

A

Does not

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26
Q

Spinal nerves in the thoracic region (does/ does not) match the number of vertebrae

A

Does

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27
Q

Spinal nerves in the lumbar region (does/ does not) match the number of vertebrae

A

Does

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28
Q

Spinal nerves in the sacral region (does/ does not) match the number of vertebrae

A

Does

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29
Q

when the cells in the sclerotome split, the cells in the line of division coalesce

A

Annulus fibrosus

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30
Q

The Annulus fibrosus enclosed the notochord

A

nucleus pulposus

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31
Q

What happens the the notochord everywhere that it is not found in the Annulus fibrosus

A

degenerates

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32
Q

Grows out lateral extensions of the costal processes developing from the thoracic vertebrae

A

Ribs

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33
Q

lateral extensions of the costal processes developing from the thoracic vertebrae to form the ribs

A

Wrap anteriorly

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34
Q

development of the ribs is dependent on the development of the

A

vertebrae

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35
Q

What type of joints form where costal process meets the vertebrae

A

synovial

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36
Q

Mesenchyme in what region forms the ribs

A

costal

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37
Q

Induced to form by the ribs at the ventral midline

A

sternum

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38
Q

What type of tissue forms the sternum

A

Lateral plate SOMATIC mesoderm

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39
Q

Develops as 2 bars that with fuse cranial to caudal

A

Sternum

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40
Q

Part of the axial skeleton that is not formed from paraxial mesoderm

A

Sternum

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41
Q

Fusing of the sternal bars for the

A

cartilaginous model

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42
Q

Mesenchyme of the appendicular skeleton forms from the

A

lateral plate SOMATIC mesoderm

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43
Q

The bones of the appendicular skeleton forms from what type of ossification

A

endochondral

44
Q

During the 5th week condensation of mesenchyme forms the

A

Limb buds

45
Q

During the 6th week mesenchyme bone models undergo chondrification to form

A

Hyaline bone models

46
Q

When is the cartilage model for limb bones complete?

A

8th week

47
Q

All types of muscle are formed during

A

embryonic development

48
Q

Muscle type(s) that is formed from paraxial mesoderm

A

Skeletal

49
Q

Muscle type(s) that is formed from intraembryonic SPLANCHNIC mesoderm

A

Cardiac and smooth

50
Q

Is all smooth muscle formed from intraembryonic SPLANCHNIC mesoderm

A

No

51
Q

what form the smooth muscle of erector pili, blood vessels, etc

A

local mesenchyme

52
Q

What are the somites formed from

A

paraxial mesoderm

53
Q

what do the somites further divide into

A

Sclerotomes
Myotomes
Dermatomes

54
Q

Derivative of somite that forms the axial skeleton

A

sclerotomes

55
Q

Derivative of somite that forms skeletal muscle

A

Myotomes

56
Q

Derivative of somite that forms the overlying dermis of the back

A

Dermatomes

57
Q

Myotomes forming skeletal muscle reorganize into

A

Hypomeres and epimeres

58
Q

At the same times that myotomes are reorganizing into Hypomeres and epimeres spinal nerves are separating into

A

Ventral and dorsal rami

59
Q

Deep muscles of the back develop from

A

epaxial muscle (epimeres)

60
Q

Deep muscles of the back are inverted by what rami

A

dorsal

61
Q

The erector spinae group and transversospinalis groups are formed from

A

Epimeres

62
Q

The erector spinae group and transversospinalis groups are form

A

deep muscles of the back

63
Q

The rectus column and hypaxial muscles are formed from

A

hypomeres

64
Q

The rectus column and hypaxial muscles are form the

A

limbs and body wall muscles

65
Q

The muscles of the limbs and the body wall are inverted by what part of the spinal nerve

A

Ventral

66
Q

Mesenchyme surrounding the heart tube develop into

A

Cardiac muscles

67
Q

Mesenchyme surrounding the gut tube develop into

A

smooth muscle

68
Q

Smooth muscle of the iris is developed form from

A

neuroectoderm

69
Q

Smooth muscle of salivary and sweat glands form from

A

Surface ectoderm

70
Q

The limb bud develops at the end of what week

A

4th

71
Q

Which set of limbs develop first

A

upper

72
Q

the second set of limbs appears how long after the first

A

1-2 days (lower limbs)

73
Q

The limb bud develops

A

proximal to distal

74
Q

during what time period does the limb formation occurs

A

4th-8th

75
Q

Mass of mesenchyme covered by ectoderm

A

Limb bud

76
Q

what type of mesoderm does the limb bud develop from initially

A

lateral plate somatic mesoderm

77
Q

What types of cells migrate to invade the mesenchyme of the limb bud

A

Somite mesenchyme
neural tube cells
neural crest cells

78
Q

The somite mesenchyme cells that migrate to the limb bud form

A

epithelial and muscles cells

79
Q

The neural crest cells that migrate to the limb bud form

A

Melanocytes
Schwann cells
Sensory axons

80
Q

The neural tube cells that migrate to the limb bud form

A

Motor axons

81
Q

Thickening of ectoderm at the distal end of the limb bud

A

Apical ectodermal ridge (AER)

82
Q

specialized, multilayer epithelial structure are th end of the limb bud

A

AER

83
Q

the AER effect near by mesenchyme in what way

A

inductive influence

84
Q

undifferentiated and rapidly dividing cells in the limb bud to form more tissue

A

progress zone

85
Q

As the limb bud grows proximal to distal where are the older cells located

A

closer to the body

86
Q

The distal end of the limb bud flattens to form what

A

hand and foot plates

87
Q

Soon after the limb bud grows out what migrates into the area

A

muscle progenitors

88
Q

What are the two types of the muscles progenitors

A

ventral and dorsal mass

89
Q

The flexors, pronators, and adductors form from what muscles mass

A

Ventral

90
Q

The extensors, supinators, and abductors form from what muscle mass

A

Dorsal

91
Q

Limb rotation occurs during what week

A

7th

92
Q

What type of rotation does the upper limb undergo

A

90 degrees laterals

93
Q

What type of rotation does the lower limb undergo

A

90 degrees medial

94
Q

How are the limb buds are initially positioned

A

straight forward

95
Q

Mesenchyme condenses at the hand and foot plates to form

A

Digital rays

96
Q

Mesenchyme in the digital ray outlines the area of the

A

future digits

97
Q

At the tip of each a portion of the AER induces mesenchyme to develop into the primordial of the

A

bones of the digits

98
Q

bones of the digits

A

Phalanges

99
Q

Intervals between the digital rays is occupied by

A

Loose mesenchyme

100
Q

How are the notches of the digital rays formed

A

Apoptosis

101
Q

Mesenchyme of the digital ray differentiate into hyaline cartilage due to

A

AER induction

102
Q

Limb anomaly which results in absence of part of a limb

A

Meromelia

103
Q

Limb anomaly which results in total loss of a limb

A

Amelia

104
Q

Limb anomaly which results in an extra digit (supernumerary)

A

Polydactyly

105
Q

Limb anomaly which results in 2 or more digits fused

A

Syndactyly

Mia's Anatomy: Unit 3 (7 decks)

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