Muscle Tissue and Organization

Question 1

What kind of muscle tissue is the diaphragm

Answer 1

skeletal

Question 2

What is the function of smooth muscle?

Answer 2

propel materials through internal tubes (like peristalsis)

Question 3

What type of muscle is found in the center of the mediastinum?

Answer 3

Cardiac

Question 4

What characteristics are contained in all muscles?

Answer 4

excitability, conctractility, elasticity, extensibility

Question 5

Muscles convert ____ energy into ____ energy

Answer 5

chemical, physical

Question 6

What term relates to the increase in muscle fiber size?

Answer 6

hypertrophy

Question 7

Shivering is an example of what function of the skeletal muscle tissue?

Answer 7

temperature regulation

Question 8

Sphincters are involved in what skeletal muscle function?

Answer 8

Storage and movement of materials

Question 9

What function of skeletal muscle tissue is lost when you fall asleep

Answer 9

maintenance of posture

Question 10

What function of skeletal muscle involves using bones as levers?

Answer 10

body movement

Question 11

What is a thin, flattened sheath of connective tissue?

Answer 11

aponeurosis

Question 12

What type of neurons travel away from the center of activity? What is an example?

Answer 12

Efferent neurons, motor neurons

Question 13

What is a bundle of muscle fibers called?

Answer 13

fascicle

Question 14

What kind of muscles have fascicles that run parallel to its long axes and have a “belly”?

Answer 14

parallel muscles ex. biceps brachii or rectus abdominis

Question 15

What type of muscles have widespread fibers that converge on a common attachment site?

Answer 15

Convergent muscles ex: pectoralis major

Question 16

What kind of muscle looks like a feather? (have a tendon and fascicles are arranged at a oblique angle)

Answer 16

Pennate, deltoid is multipennate

Question 17

What is a first class lever system and what are 2 examples?

Answer 17

the fulcrum is between the effort and the resistance, like a seesaw ex: atlantoccipital joint and triceps brachii

Question 18

What is a second class lever system and example?

Answer 18

The resistance is betweent he fulcrum and the effert, like a wheelbarrow, ex: calf muscles elevate body onto ball of foot

Question 19

What is a third class lever system and example?

Answer 19

Effort is between the resistance and the fulcrum, similar to drawbridge, most common, ex: flexion of the elbow and elevation of the mandible

Question 20

What kinds of lever system(s) in the elbow?

Answer 20

1st and 3rd

Question 21

What type of neuromuscular disease affects primarily women, has unknown cause and causes chronic severe pain?

Answer 21

fibromyalgia

Question 22

What neuromuscular disease involves the degeneration of skeletal muscle into adipose/fibrous tissue?

Answer 22

Muscular dystrophy

Question 23

What neurmuscular disease is sex linked recessive and what early symptoms identify it?

Answer 23

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, trouble walking, fall a lot

Question 24

What is dystrophin, how can in be used clinically and what are the ethical concerns?

Answer 24

An essential protein that is missing in DMD, concerns with athletes using it as “Gene doping”

Question 25

What neuromuscular disease may affect 50% of people aged 30-60 and what it the identifying symptom?

Answer 25

Myofascial pain syndrome, “trigger point” where muscle fibers tighten and twitch when skin above is stimulated

Question 26

How is brown colored urine and cardiac arrest related?

Answer 26

may indicate dying myoglobin from muscle cells poisoning the kidneys which means that potassium will build up and trigger cardiac arrest

Question 27

What term means destruction of skeletal muscle?

Answer 27

rhabdomyolysis