Muscle Tissue and Organization Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of muscle tissue is the diaphragm

A

skeletal

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2
Q

What is the function of smooth muscle?

A

propel materials through internal tubes (like peristalsis)

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3
Q

What type of muscle is found in the center of the mediastinum?

A

Cardiac

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4
Q

What characteristics are contained in all muscles?

A

excitability, conctractility, elasticity, extensibility

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5
Q

Muscles convert ____ energy into ____ energy

A

chemical, physical

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6
Q

What term relates to the increase in muscle fiber size?

A

hypertrophy

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7
Q

Shivering is an example of what function of the skeletal muscle tissue?

A

temperature regulation

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8
Q

Sphincters are involved in what skeletal muscle function?

A

Storage and movement of materials

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9
Q

What function of skeletal muscle tissue is lost when you fall asleep

A

maintenance of posture

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10
Q

What function of skeletal muscle involves using bones as levers?

A

body movement

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11
Q

What is a thin, flattened sheath of connective tissue?

A

aponeurosis

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12
Q

What type of neurons travel away from the center of activity? What is an example?

A

Efferent neurons, motor neurons

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13
Q

What is a bundle of muscle fibers called?

A

fascicle

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14
Q

What kind of muscles have fascicles that run parallel to its long axes and have a “belly”?

A

parallel muscles ex. biceps brachii or rectus abdominis

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15
Q

What type of muscles have widespread fibers that converge on a common attachment site?

A

Convergent muscles ex: pectoralis major

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16
Q

What kind of muscle looks like a feather? (have a tendon and fascicles are arranged at a oblique angle)

A

Pennate, deltoid is multipennate

17
Q

What is a first class lever system and what are 2 examples?

A

the fulcrum is between the effort and the resistance, like a seesaw ex: atlantoccipital joint and triceps brachii

18
Q

What is a second class lever system and example?

A

The resistance is betweent he fulcrum and the effert, like a wheelbarrow, ex: calf muscles elevate body onto ball of foot

19
Q

What is a third class lever system and example?

A

Effort is between the resistance and the fulcrum, similar to drawbridge, most common, ex: flexion of the elbow and elevation of the mandible

20
Q

What kinds of lever system(s) in the elbow?

A

1st and 3rd

21
Q

What type of neuromuscular disease affects primarily women, has unknown cause and causes chronic severe pain?

A

fibromyalgia

22
Q

What neuromuscular disease involves the degeneration of skeletal muscle into adipose/fibrous tissue?

A

Muscular dystrophy

23
Q

What neurmuscular disease is sex linked recessive and what early symptoms identify it?

A

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, trouble walking, fall a lot

24
Q

What is dystrophin, how can in be used clinically and what are the ethical concerns?

A

An essential protein that is missing in DMD, concerns with athletes using it as “Gene doping”

25
What neuromuscular disease may affect 50% of people aged 30-60 and what it the identifying symptom?
Myofascial pain syndrome, "trigger point" where muscle fibers tighten and twitch when skin above is stimulated
26
How is brown colored urine and cardiac arrest related?
may indicate dying myoglobin from muscle cells poisoning the kidneys which means that potassium will build up and trigger cardiac arrest
27
What term means destruction of skeletal muscle?
rhabdomyolysis