Muscle Tissue and Organization Flashcards
What kind of muscle tissue is the diaphragm
skeletal
What is the function of smooth muscle?
propel materials through internal tubes (like peristalsis)
What type of muscle is found in the center of the mediastinum?
Cardiac
What characteristics are contained in all muscles?
excitability, conctractility, elasticity, extensibility
Muscles convert ____ energy into ____ energy
chemical, physical
What term relates to the increase in muscle fiber size?
hypertrophy
Shivering is an example of what function of the skeletal muscle tissue?
temperature regulation
Sphincters are involved in what skeletal muscle function?
Storage and movement of materials
What function of skeletal muscle tissue is lost when you fall asleep
maintenance of posture
What function of skeletal muscle involves using bones as levers?
body movement
What is a thin, flattened sheath of connective tissue?
aponeurosis
What type of neurons travel away from the center of activity? What is an example?
Efferent neurons, motor neurons
What is a bundle of muscle fibers called?
fascicle
What kind of muscles have fascicles that run parallel to its long axes and have a “belly”?
parallel muscles ex. biceps brachii or rectus abdominis
What type of muscles have widespread fibers that converge on a common attachment site?
Convergent muscles ex: pectoralis major
What kind of muscle looks like a feather? (have a tendon and fascicles are arranged at a oblique angle)
Pennate, deltoid is multipennate
What is a first class lever system and what are 2 examples?
the fulcrum is between the effort and the resistance, like a seesaw ex: atlantoccipital joint and triceps brachii
What is a second class lever system and example?
The resistance is betweent he fulcrum and the effert, like a wheelbarrow, ex: calf muscles elevate body onto ball of foot
What is a third class lever system and example?
Effort is between the resistance and the fulcrum, similar to drawbridge, most common, ex: flexion of the elbow and elevation of the mandible
What kinds of lever system(s) in the elbow?
1st and 3rd
What type of neuromuscular disease affects primarily women, has unknown cause and causes chronic severe pain?
fibromyalgia
What neuromuscular disease involves the degeneration of skeletal muscle into adipose/fibrous tissue?
Muscular dystrophy
What neurmuscular disease is sex linked recessive and what early symptoms identify it?
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, trouble walking, fall a lot
What is dystrophin, how can in be used clinically and what are the ethical concerns?
An essential protein that is missing in DMD, concerns with athletes using it as “Gene doping”
What neuromuscular disease may affect 50% of people aged 30-60 and what it the identifying symptom?
Myofascial pain syndrome, “trigger point” where muscle fibers tighten and twitch when skin above is stimulated
How is brown colored urine and cardiac arrest related?
may indicate dying myoglobin from muscle cells poisoning the kidneys which means that potassium will build up and trigger cardiac arrest
What term means destruction of skeletal muscle?
rhabdomyolysis
