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Anatomy: Muscles > Articulations > Flashcards

Articulations Flashcards

1
Q

What causes the clicking/popping noise in a TMJ disorder

A

alternations in the ligament that secures the joint leading ot progressive internal displacement of the articular disk

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2
Q

Why would one feel pain in paranasal sinus, tympanic membrane, oral cavity, eyes or teeth with a TMJ disorder

A

Because they are all innervated by CN V (trigeminal nerve)

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3
Q

Where would you find 2 synovial joints in the TMJ

A

the temporal bone and the articular disc, the articular disk and the mandible

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4
Q

What are the joints of the vertebral skeleton between the bodies of the vertebrae called?

A

amphiarthrotic symphyses

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5
Q

Why would you get shorter when you are dehydrated or as you get older?

A

Because the nucleus pulposus is composed of water to function as a shock absorber

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6
Q

Where is the most common area of back injuries?

A

Between L5/S1, from bending, twisting, etc (only need 51 pounds!)

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7
Q

What type of joint occurs between adjacent superior and inferior articular processes?

A

diarthrotic uniaxial gliding (planar) joints

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8
Q

Sternoclavicular joint?

A

diarthrotic synovial biaxial saddle joint

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9
Q

What could menigitis result in, in terms of the neck region?

A

nuchal rigidity

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10
Q

Typically, what hapens in dislocation of sternoclavicular joint?

A

clavicle comes on top of the manubrium

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11
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

uniaxial gliding joint

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12
Q

What joint is referenced in a shoulder separation?

A

acromioclavicular joint

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13
Q

What ligament is responsible for most of the stability of the AC joint?

A

the coracoclavicular ligament, if torn = AC separation

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14
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

multiaxial ball-in-socket joint

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15
Q

What is the funciton of the glenoid labrum

A

to deepen the concavity of the glenoid cavity and help stabilize the head of the humerus

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16
Q

Why does the GH joint generally dislocate inferiorally/medially?

A

because there is no protection inferiorly and because anterior thorax muscles pull the humeral head

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17
Q

What muscles compose the “Rotator cuff”

A

infraspinatus, subscapularis, supraspinatus, teres minor

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18
Q

What can occur if one pulls suddenly of a child’s pronated forearm?

A

subluxation of the head of the radias or “nursemaind’s elbow”

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19
Q

Humeroulnar joint

A

uniaxial hinge joint

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20
Q

humeroradial joint

A

poorly classified, synovial joint

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21
Q

Why is the elbow an extremely stable joint?

A
  1. the articular capsule is fairly thick and effective
  2. bony surfaces of humerus and ulna interlock wll
  3. multiple strong ligaments reinforce the capsule
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22
Q

What ligament is related to nursemaid’s elbow?

A

anular ligament that binds head of the radius to proximal head of ulna

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23
Q

“Little League Elbow” is a result of what?

A

head of the raidus and capitulum forcefully collide repeatedly over long periods of time and the articular surface and bone ca be damaged

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24
Q

Why is the ulna not considered a part of the radiocarpal joint and what kind of joint is it?

A

because a fibrocartilaginous articular disc separates the small head of the ulna from the joint, diarthrotic synovial condyloid

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25
Q

radioulnar joint

A

diarthrotic synovial pivot joint

26
Q

intercarpal joints

A

diarthrotic synovial planar joint

27
Q

metacarpophalangeal joint

A 
2-5= biaxial condyloid joints
1= uniaxial hinge joint
28
Q

interphalangeal joint

A

uniaxial hinge joints

29
Q

Why does a finger joint typically dislocate posteriorly?

A

because there is no ligamentous support on the posterior side of our digits

30
Q

Sacroiliac joint

A

uniaxial diarthrotic planar joint- slightly moveable- only during pregnancy

31
Q

acetabulofemoral joint

A

ball and socket joint

32
Q

Why is the acetabulofemoral joint more stable than the glenohumeral?

A

Because the articular capsure is dense and strong and the bony architecture around in from the ossa coxae

33
Q

What supplies most of the blood to the head and neck of the femur?

A

retinacular arteries that travel through the retinacular fibers, also the ligamentum teres which contains a small artery

34
Q

What two articulations compose the knee joint?

A

the tibiofemoral joint and the patellofemoral joint

35
Q

What type of femoral fracture is extracapsular and who does it usually affect/why?

A

intertrochantic, younger people, trauma

36
Q

What type of femoral neck fracture is intracapsular and who does it affect/why? What can it lead to?

A

subcapital, elderly people with osteoporosis, avascular necrosis

37
Q

What ligament prevents varus deviation?

A

LCL

38
Q

What ligament prevents valgus deviation?

A

MCL

39
Q

What ligament is hypothesized to work in conjunction with the ACL and what kind of force would injure it?

A

the anteriolateral ligament, hyperextension and twisting

40
Q

What inner ligament is pulled taut in knee extension?

A

ACL

41
Q

What inner ligament is pulled taut in knee flexion?

A

PCL

42
Q

Where/what kind of graft can replace the ACL?

A

IT tissue from a cadaver (allograft) or patellar ligament from patient (autograft)

43
Q

Severe valgus stress could rupture:

A

MCL, medial meniscus, ACL, lateral meniscus and PCL

44
Q

Talocrural joint

A

highly modified hinge joint

45
Q

What is the purpose of the medial and lateral malleoli?

A

Prevent side-to-side movement

46
Q

What strong ligament prevents overeversion of the foot? What would likely injure before this ligament?

A

deltoid ligament, medial malleolus

47
Q

What is the “unhappy triad”?

A

MCL, ACL and medial menisci all injured, usual a laterabl blow that forcibly abducts and laterally rotates

48
Q

What kind of graft would remove heart valves from a pig and place in a human?

A

heterograft

49
Q

What kind of graft is an exchange between identical twins?

A

Syngentic or isograft

50
Q

What ligaments are commonly affected in excessive inversion of the foot?

A

anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament

51
Q

What kind of sprain disrpts the interosseous membrane that helds the distal ends of the tibia and fibula together?

A

“high ankle sprain” or syndesmotic ankle sprain

52
Q

What is happening in a “nutcracker” injury?

A

the os trigonum is crunched between the calcaneus and talus/tibia, usually in plantar flexion, common in ballet, soccer, other athletes

53
Q

Intertarsal joint

A

uniaxial planar joint

54
Q

metatarsophalangeal

A

biaxial condyloid joints

55
Q

interphlanageal joints

A

uniaxial hinge joints

56
Q

What type of arthritis involves crystals, uric acid, and starts in the big toe?

A

gout

57
Q

What type of arthritis is chronic degenerative and what are the bone abrasions involved called?

A

osteoarthritis, eburnations

58
Q

what type of arthritis is an autoimmune disorder and what is it called when the scar tissue ossifies and fuse bones together?

A

Rheumatoid, ankylosis

59
Q

What kind ofendoscope diagnoses diseases of the joints?

A

arthroscope

60
Q

What type of joint replacement takes the longest and requires 6-8 weeks of total immobilzation?

A

Total shoulder replacement

61
Q

What was hypothesized to be the reason women felt relief from the RA symptoms during pregnancy?

A

genetic differences of fetal HLA proteins from maternal ones

Anatomy: Muscles (9 decks)

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