Articulations Flashcards
What causes the clicking/popping noise in a TMJ disorder
alternations in the ligament that secures the joint leading ot progressive internal displacement of the articular disk
Why would one feel pain in paranasal sinus, tympanic membrane, oral cavity, eyes or teeth with a TMJ disorder
Because they are all innervated by CN V (trigeminal nerve)
Where would you find 2 synovial joints in the TMJ
the temporal bone and the articular disc, the articular disk and the mandible
What are the joints of the vertebral skeleton between the bodies of the vertebrae called?
amphiarthrotic symphyses
Why would you get shorter when you are dehydrated or as you get older?
Because the nucleus pulposus is composed of water to function as a shock absorber
Where is the most common area of back injuries?
Between L5/S1, from bending, twisting, etc (only need 51 pounds!)
What type of joint occurs between adjacent superior and inferior articular processes?
diarthrotic uniaxial gliding (planar) joints
Sternoclavicular joint?
diarthrotic synovial biaxial saddle joint
What could menigitis result in, in terms of the neck region?
nuchal rigidity
Typically, what hapens in dislocation of sternoclavicular joint?
clavicle comes on top of the manubrium
Acromioclavicular joint
uniaxial gliding joint
What joint is referenced in a shoulder separation?
acromioclavicular joint
What ligament is responsible for most of the stability of the AC joint?
the coracoclavicular ligament, if torn = AC separation
Glenohumeral joint
multiaxial ball-in-socket joint
What is the funciton of the glenoid labrum
to deepen the concavity of the glenoid cavity and help stabilize the head of the humerus
Why does the GH joint generally dislocate inferiorally/medially?
because there is no protection inferiorly and because anterior thorax muscles pull the humeral head
What muscles compose the “Rotator cuff”
infraspinatus, subscapularis, supraspinatus, teres minor
What can occur if one pulls suddenly of a child’s pronated forearm?
subluxation of the head of the radias or “nursemaind’s elbow”
Humeroulnar joint
uniaxial hinge joint
humeroradial joint
poorly classified, synovial joint
Why is the elbow an extremely stable joint?
- the articular capsule is fairly thick and effective
- bony surfaces of humerus and ulna interlock wll
- multiple strong ligaments reinforce the capsule
What ligament is related to nursemaid’s elbow?
anular ligament that binds head of the radius to proximal head of ulna
“Little League Elbow” is a result of what?
head of the raidus and capitulum forcefully collide repeatedly over long periods of time and the articular surface and bone ca be damaged
Why is the ulna not considered a part of the radiocarpal joint and what kind of joint is it?
because a fibrocartilaginous articular disc separates the small head of the ulna from the joint, diarthrotic synovial condyloid
radioulnar joint
diarthrotic synovial pivot joint
intercarpal joints
diarthrotic synovial planar joint
metacarpophalangeal joint
2-5= biaxial condyloid joints 1= uniaxial hinge joint
interphalangeal joint
uniaxial hinge joints
Why does a finger joint typically dislocate posteriorly?
because there is no ligamentous support on the posterior side of our digits
Sacroiliac joint
uniaxial diarthrotic planar joint- slightly moveable- only during pregnancy
acetabulofemoral joint
ball and socket joint
Why is the acetabulofemoral joint more stable than the glenohumeral?
Because the articular capsure is dense and strong and the bony architecture around in from the ossa coxae
What supplies most of the blood to the head and neck of the femur?
retinacular arteries that travel through the retinacular fibers, also the ligamentum teres which contains a small artery
What two articulations compose the knee joint?
the tibiofemoral joint and the patellofemoral joint
What type of femoral fracture is extracapsular and who does it usually affect/why?
intertrochantic, younger people, trauma
What type of femoral neck fracture is intracapsular and who does it affect/why? What can it lead to?
subcapital, elderly people with osteoporosis, avascular necrosis
What ligament prevents varus deviation?
LCL
What ligament prevents valgus deviation?
MCL
What ligament is hypothesized to work in conjunction with the ACL and what kind of force would injure it?
the anteriolateral ligament, hyperextension and twisting
What inner ligament is pulled taut in knee extension?
ACL
What inner ligament is pulled taut in knee flexion?
PCL
Where/what kind of graft can replace the ACL?
IT tissue from a cadaver (allograft) or patellar ligament from patient (autograft)
Severe valgus stress could rupture:
MCL, medial meniscus, ACL, lateral meniscus and PCL
Talocrural joint
highly modified hinge joint
What is the purpose of the medial and lateral malleoli?
Prevent side-to-side movement
What strong ligament prevents overeversion of the foot? What would likely injure before this ligament?
deltoid ligament, medial malleolus
What is the “unhappy triad”?
MCL, ACL and medial menisci all injured, usual a laterabl blow that forcibly abducts and laterally rotates
What kind of graft would remove heart valves from a pig and place in a human?
heterograft
What kind of graft is an exchange between identical twins?
Syngentic or isograft
What ligaments are commonly affected in excessive inversion of the foot?
anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament
What kind of sprain disrpts the interosseous membrane that helds the distal ends of the tibia and fibula together?
“high ankle sprain” or syndesmotic ankle sprain
What is happening in a “nutcracker” injury?
the os trigonum is crunched between the calcaneus and talus/tibia, usually in plantar flexion, common in ballet, soccer, other athletes
Intertarsal joint
uniaxial planar joint
metatarsophalangeal
biaxial condyloid joints
interphlanageal joints
uniaxial hinge joints
What type of arthritis involves crystals, uric acid, and starts in the big toe?
gout
What type of arthritis is chronic degenerative and what are the bone abrasions involved called?
osteoarthritis, eburnations
what type of arthritis is an autoimmune disorder and what is it called when the scar tissue ossifies and fuse bones together?
Rheumatoid, ankylosis
What kind ofendoscope diagnoses diseases of the joints?
arthroscope
What type of joint replacement takes the longest and requires 6-8 weeks of total immobilzation?
Total shoulder replacement
What was hypothesized to be the reason women felt relief from the RA symptoms during pregnancy?
genetic differences of fetal HLA proteins from maternal ones
