Articulations

Question 1

What causes the clicking/popping noise in a TMJ disorder

Answer 1

alternations in the ligament that secures the joint leading ot progressive internal displacement of the articular disk

Question 2

Why would one feel pain in paranasal sinus, tympanic membrane, oral cavity, eyes or teeth with a TMJ disorder

Answer 2

Because they are all innervated by CN V (trigeminal nerve)

Question 3

Where would you find 2 synovial joints in the TMJ

Answer 3

the temporal bone and the articular disc, the articular disk and the mandible

Question 4

What are the joints of the vertebral skeleton between the bodies of the vertebrae called?

Answer 4

amphiarthrotic symphyses

Question 5

Why would you get shorter when you are dehydrated or as you get older?

Answer 5

Because the nucleus pulposus is composed of water to function as a shock absorber

Question 6

Where is the most common area of back injuries?

Answer 6

Between L5/S1, from bending, twisting, etc (only need 51 pounds!)

Question 7

What type of joint occurs between adjacent superior and inferior articular processes?

Answer 7

diarthrotic uniaxial gliding (planar) joints

Question 8

Sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 8

diarthrotic synovial biaxial saddle joint

Question 9

What could menigitis result in, in terms of the neck region?

Answer 9

nuchal rigidity

Question 10

Typically, what hapens in dislocation of sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 10

clavicle comes on top of the manubrium

Question 11

Acromioclavicular joint

Answer 11

uniaxial gliding joint

Question 12

What joint is referenced in a shoulder separation?

Answer 12

acromioclavicular joint

Question 13

What ligament is responsible for most of the stability of the AC joint?

Answer 13

the coracoclavicular ligament, if torn = AC separation

Question 14

Glenohumeral joint

Answer 14

multiaxial ball-in-socket joint

Question 15

What is the funciton of the glenoid labrum

Answer 15

to deepen the concavity of the glenoid cavity and help stabilize the head of the humerus

Question 16

Why does the GH joint generally dislocate inferiorally/medially?

Answer 16

because there is no protection inferiorly and because anterior thorax muscles pull the humeral head

Question 17

What muscles compose the “Rotator cuff”

Answer 17

infraspinatus, subscapularis, supraspinatus, teres minor

Question 18

What can occur if one pulls suddenly of a child’s pronated forearm?

Answer 18

subluxation of the head of the radias or “nursemaind’s elbow”

Question 19

Humeroulnar joint

Answer 19

uniaxial hinge joint

Question 20

humeroradial joint

Answer 20

poorly classified, synovial joint

Question 21

Why is the elbow an extremely stable joint?

Answer 21

1. the articular capsule is fairly thick and effective
2. bony surfaces of humerus and ulna interlock wll
3. multiple strong ligaments reinforce the capsule

Question 22

What ligament is related to nursemaid’s elbow?

Answer 22

anular ligament that binds head of the radius to proximal head of ulna

Question 23

“Little League Elbow” is a result of what?

Answer 23

head of the raidus and capitulum forcefully collide repeatedly over long periods of time and the articular surface and bone ca be damaged

Question 24

Why is the ulna not considered a part of the radiocarpal joint and what kind of joint is it?

Answer 24

because a fibrocartilaginous articular disc separates the small head of the ulna from the joint, diarthrotic synovial condyloid

Question 25

radioulnar joint

Answer 25

diarthrotic synovial pivot joint

Question 26

intercarpal joints

Answer 26

diarthrotic synovial planar joint

Question 27

metacarpophalangeal joint

Answer 27

``` 2-5= biaxial condyloid joints 1= uniaxial hinge joint ```

Question 28

interphalangeal joint

Answer 28

uniaxial hinge joints

Question 29

Why does a finger joint typically dislocate posteriorly?

Answer 29

because there is no ligamentous support on the posterior side of our digits

Question 30

Sacroiliac joint

Answer 30

uniaxial diarthrotic planar joint- slightly moveable- only during pregnancy

Question 31

acetabulofemoral joint

Answer 31

ball and socket joint

Question 32

Why is the acetabulofemoral joint more stable than the glenohumeral?

Answer 32

Because the articular capsure is dense and strong and the bony architecture around in from the ossa coxae

Question 33

What supplies most of the blood to the head and neck of the femur?

Answer 33

retinacular arteries that travel through the retinacular fibers, also the ligamentum teres which contains a small artery

Question 34

What two articulations compose the knee joint?

Answer 34

the tibiofemoral joint and the patellofemoral joint

Question 35

What type of femoral fracture is extracapsular and who does it usually affect/why?

Answer 35

intertrochantic, younger people, trauma

Question 36

What type of femoral neck fracture is intracapsular and who does it affect/why? What can it lead to?

Answer 36

subcapital, elderly people with osteoporosis, avascular necrosis

Question 37

What ligament prevents varus deviation?

Answer 37

LCL

Question 38

What ligament prevents valgus deviation?

Answer 38

MCL

Question 39

What ligament is hypothesized to work in conjunction with the ACL and what kind of force would injure it?

Answer 39

the anteriolateral ligament, hyperextension and twisting

Question 40

What inner ligament is pulled taut in knee extension?

Answer 40

ACL

Question 41

What inner ligament is pulled taut in knee flexion?

Answer 41

PCL

Question 42

Where/what kind of graft can replace the ACL?

Answer 42

IT tissue from a cadaver (allograft) or patellar ligament from patient (autograft)

Question 43

Severe valgus stress could rupture:

Answer 43

MCL, medial meniscus, ACL, lateral meniscus and PCL

Question 44

Talocrural joint

Answer 44

highly modified hinge joint

Question 45

What is the purpose of the medial and lateral malleoli?

Answer 45

Prevent side-to-side movement

Question 46

What strong ligament prevents overeversion of the foot? What would likely injure before this ligament?

Answer 46

deltoid ligament, medial malleolus

Question 47

What is the "unhappy triad"?

Answer 47

MCL, ACL and medial menisci all injured, usual a laterabl blow that forcibly abducts and laterally rotates

Question 48

What kind of graft would remove heart valves from a pig and place in a human?

Answer 48

heterograft

Question 49

What kind of graft is an exchange between identical twins?

Answer 49

Syngentic or isograft

Question 50

What ligaments are commonly affected in excessive inversion of the foot?

Answer 50

anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament

Question 51

What kind of sprain disrpts the interosseous membrane that helds the distal ends of the tibia and fibula together?

Answer 51

"high ankle sprain" or syndesmotic ankle sprain

Question 52

What is happening in a "nutcracker" injury?

Answer 52

the os trigonum is crunched between the calcaneus and talus/tibia, usually in plantar flexion, common in ballet, soccer, other athletes

Question 53

Intertarsal joint

Answer 53

uniaxial planar joint

Question 54

metatarsophalangeal

Answer 54

biaxial condyloid joints

Question 55

interphlanageal joints

Answer 55

uniaxial hinge joints

Question 56

What type of arthritis involves crystals, uric acid, and starts in the big toe?

Answer 56

gout

Question 57

What type of arthritis is chronic degenerative and what are the bone abrasions involved called?

Answer 57

osteoarthritis, eburnations

Question 58

what type of arthritis is an autoimmune disorder and what is it called when the scar tissue ossifies and fuse bones together?

Answer 58

Rheumatoid, ankylosis

Question 59

What kind ofendoscope diagnoses diseases of the joints?

Answer 59

arthroscope

Question 60

What type of joint replacement takes the longest and requires 6-8 weeks of total immobilzation?

Answer 60

Total shoulder replacement

Question 61

What was hypothesized to be the reason women felt relief from the RA symptoms during pregnancy?

Answer 61

genetic differences of fetal HLA proteins from maternal ones