Axial Muscle Notes Flashcards
what is the first sphincter of the digestive tract?
orbicularis oris
what does buccinator mean?
trumpeter
which cranial nerve is affected in bell palsy?
CN VII
compression and inflammation in the stylomastoid foramen can lead to what?
bell palsy
CN III is associated with what?
(occulomotor nerve) external strabismus- eye can move laterally only
CN VI is associated with what?
internal stravismus- abducens nerve, eye can move medially only
what facial muscles elevate the mandible?
temporalis, masseter, pterygoids
clostridium tetani blocks what neurotransmitter and affects which part of the body first?
glycine (inhibiter), jaw (lockjaw)
clostridium botulinum affects what neurotransmitter and how is it used medically?
acetylcholine, botox paralyzes skin of face traditionally to reduce wrinkles
what forms the lateral borders of the suprasternal fossa?
sternocleidomastoid
what conditioned is caused by a shortened tightened sternocleidomastoid?
congenital muscular tortilcolis (wryneck)
what condition usually accompanies wryneck in newborns
plagiocephaly
what muscles help maintain posture and stand erect?
erector spinae muscles
what group of muscles connect and stabilize the vertebrae?
transversospinalis muscles
____ pressure increases the dimensions of the thoracic cavity when you ____ and ____ pressure decreases the dimensions when you ___
negative, inhale, positive, exhale
during exhalation, the ribs return ____ to their original position because of ____ ____ of the lung tissue
passively, elastic recoil
what muscles are used when you are coughing or exercising vigorously?
internal intercostals
where injury is common resulting in paralysis of diaphragm?
spinal cord injury at C4
why did people used to be placed in iron lungs?
poliovirus, paralysis of diaphragm
what surrounds and enclosed the central superficial muscle of the abdomen and what is it made out of?
the rectus sheath, recast us abdominus, internal oblique, external oblique, transverse abdominus
name for cutaneous depression just lateral to the rectus abdominus
Linea semilunaris
what is the scientific term for the lines of a six pack?
tending us intersections or inscriptions
what is the biggest “white line” in your body called
Linea alba
what is your inguinal ligament and what it is formed from?
strong, cordlike ligament that extends from ASIS to pubic tubercle and external oblique
what is the deepest muscle of the abdomen
transverse abdominus
the floor of the pelvic cavity is formed byb3 layers of muscles and associated fascia collectively known as the:
pelvic diaphragm
what is the diamond shape between the lower appendages?
perineum
what are the 4 significant bony landmarks in the perineum?
1- pubic symphysis anteriorly
2- the coccyx posteriorly
3/4- both ischial tuberosities laterally
a transverse line drawn between the ischial tuberosities partitions the perineum into anterior _____ ______ and posterior ___ ____
urogenital triangle, anal triangle
what is the most common type of hernia and why?
inguinal hernia,weakest point in abdomen
what is an endoscope in the abdomen called and what do physicians do to see better?
Laparoscopy, fill abdomen with co2 gas
what is the largest and most important muscle group of the pelvic diaphragm and what is its function?
levator Ani group, supposed pelvic viscera and functions as a sphincter at the anorectal junction, urethra and vagina
what famous muscle from the levator Ani group is related to kegal exercises and what is the purpose of strengthening it?
pubococcygeus, urinary incontinence and compress the vagina during coitus
Why would a surgical incision be made in the perineal skin during child birth and what is it called?
To minimize tearing and fetal injury, episiotomy
