Axial Muscle Notes

Question 1

what is the first sphincter of the digestive tract?

Answer 1

orbicularis oris

Question 2

what does buccinator mean?

Answer 2

trumpeter

Question 3

which cranial nerve is affected in bell palsy?

Answer 3

CN VII

Question 4

compression and inflammation in the stylomastoid foramen can lead to what?

Answer 4

bell palsy

Question 5

CN III is associated with what?

Answer 5

(occulomotor nerve) external strabismus- eye can move laterally only

Question 6

CN VI is associated with what?

Answer 6

internal stravismus- abducens nerve, eye can move medially only

Question 7

what facial muscles elevate the mandible?

Answer 7

temporalis, masseter, pterygoids

Question 8

clostridium tetani blocks what neurotransmitter and affects which part of the body first?

Answer 8

glycine (inhibiter), jaw (lockjaw)

Question 9

clostridium botulinum affects what neurotransmitter and how is it used medically?

Answer 9

acetylcholine, botox paralyzes skin of face traditionally to reduce wrinkles

Question 10

what forms the lateral borders of the suprasternal fossa?

Answer 10

sternocleidomastoid

Question 11

what conditioned is caused by a shortened tightened sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 11

congenital muscular tortilcolis (wryneck)

Question 12

what condition usually accompanies wryneck in newborns

Answer 12

plagiocephaly

Question 13

what muscles help maintain posture and stand erect?

Answer 13

erector spinae muscles

Question 14

what group of muscles connect and stabilize the vertebrae?

Answer 14

transversospinalis muscles

Question 15

____ pressure increases the dimensions of the thoracic cavity when you ____ and ____ pressure decreases the dimensions when you ___

Answer 15

negative, inhale, positive, exhale

Question 16

during exhalation, the ribs return ____ to their original position because of ____ ____ of the lung tissue

Answer 16

passively, elastic recoil

Question 17

what muscles are used when you are coughing or exercising vigorously?

Answer 17

internal intercostals

Question 18

where injury is common resulting in paralysis of diaphragm?

Answer 18

spinal cord injury at C4

Question 19

why did people used to be placed in iron lungs?

Answer 19

poliovirus, paralysis of diaphragm

Question 20

what surrounds and enclosed the central superficial muscle of the abdomen and what is it made out of?

Answer 20

the rectus sheath, recast us abdominus, internal oblique, external oblique, transverse abdominus

Question 21

name for cutaneous depression just lateral to the rectus abdominus

Answer 21

Linea semilunaris

Question 22

what is the scientific term for the lines of a six pack?

Answer 22

tending us intersections or inscriptions

Question 23

what is the biggest “white line” in your body called

Answer 23

Linea alba

Question 24

what is your inguinal ligament and what it is formed from?

Answer 24

strong, cordlike ligament that extends from ASIS to pubic tubercle and external oblique

Question 25

what is the deepest muscle of the abdomen

Answer 25

transverse abdominus

Question 26

the floor of the pelvic cavity is formed byb3 layers of muscles and associated fascia collectively known as the:

Answer 26

pelvic diaphragm

Question 27

what is the diamond shape between the lower appendages?

Answer 27

perineum

Question 28

what are the 4 significant bony landmarks in the perineum?

Answer 28

1- pubic symphysis anteriorly
2- the coccyx posteriorly
3/4- both ischial tuberosities laterally

Question 29

a transverse line drawn between the ischial tuberosities partitions the perineum into anterior _____ ______ and posterior ___ ____

Answer 29

urogenital triangle, anal triangle

Question 30

what is the most common type of hernia and why?

Answer 30

inguinal hernia,weakest point in abdomen

Question 31

what is an endoscope in the abdomen called and what do physicians do to see better?

Answer 31

Laparoscopy, fill abdomen with co2 gas

Question 32

what is the largest and most important muscle group of the pelvic diaphragm and what is its function?

Answer 32

levator Ani group, supposed pelvic viscera and functions as a sphincter at the anorectal junction, urethra and vagina

Question 33

what famous muscle from the levator Ani group is related to kegal exercises and what is the purpose of strengthening it?

Answer 33

pubococcygeus, urinary incontinence and compress the vagina during coitus

Question 34

Why would a surgical incision be made in the perineal skin during child birth and what is it called?

Answer 34

To minimize tearing and fetal injury, episiotomy