appendicular muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What anterior thoracic muscles are synergistic and what do they do?

A

pectoralis minor and serratus anterior- protract and depress the scapula

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2
Q

What complication could arise from a radial mastectomy?

A

paralysis of serratus anterior, winged scapula

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3
Q

What are the posterior muscles that move the pectoral girdle/what do they all do?

A

adduct, elevate and retract the scapula

traps also draw head back and rhombs inferiorly rotate

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4
Q

What is the prime arm extensor?

A

latissimus dorsi

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5
Q

What is the prime mover of arm flexion?

A

pectoralis major

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6
Q

What is the prime abductor of the arm?

A

deltoid

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7
Q

How are the lats related to a weak heart?

A

Can cut the lats free from humerus and wrap aroudn heart to strengthen the cardiac muscle

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8
Q

How are breast implants related to the chest muscles?

A

Often implanted behind the pectoralis major

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9
Q

What muscle is synergistic to the pectoralis major?

A

corocobrachialis

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10
Q

What muscle is synergistic with the lats?

A

teres major

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11
Q

What two muscles are synergistic within the rotator cuff?

A

infraspinatus and teres minor, adduct and laterally rotate arm

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12
Q

What muscle is most commonly injured in the rotator cuff and why?

A

supraspinatus because the tendon gets pinched by the acromion when the muscle is contracted

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13
Q

What is tennis elbow?

A

lateral epicondylitis

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14
Q

what is a powerful supinator of the forearm?

A

biceps brachii

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15
Q

Where do muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm generally originate and what do they do?

A

medial epicondyle of the humerus, flex the wrist, metacarpals and/or interphalangeals

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16
Q

Where do the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm generally originate and what do they do?

A

the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and extend the wrist, metacarpals, interphalangeals

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17
Q

The palmar surface of the carpal bones is covered by ______?

A

flexor retinaculum

18
Q

the tight space between the carpal bones and the flexor retinaculum is called the ___ ____

A

carpal tunnel

19
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome results from compression of the ____ ___ and results in pain and ______ or pins and needles feeling

A

median nerve, parasthesia

20
Q

The ___ ___ partitions the thigh muscles into compartments, each with its own __ and __ supply

A

fascia lata, blood, nerve

21
Q

The ___ ___ extends from the lower spine that passes deep to the ___ ____ and merges with the ___ to for the ____

A

psoas major, inguinal ligament, iliacus, iliopsoas

22
Q

What muscle means “tailor” in latin and enables one to sit cross legged?

23
Q

What muscle is the chief extensor of the thigh?

A

gluteus maximus

24
Q

Deep to the gluteus maximus is the ____ which is latin for __ ____ and can cause pressure on the ___ ___

A

piriformus, pear shaped, sciatic nerve

25
4 muscles make up the ____ ____ which is the prime mover of __ ____
quadriceps femoris, knee extension
26
The hamstrings all of a common ___ which is ___ ____ but different ___
origin, ischial tuberosity, insertions
27
What muscle forms the tendon on the lateral side of the popliteal fossa?
biceps femoris
28
What muscles form the medial margin of the popliteal and which is more prominant
semimembranosus and semitendinosis, tendonosis is more prominent
29
What did the mongol hordes cut to incapacitate their enemies?
the hamstrings
30
What muscle of the lower leg aids in leg flexion?
gastrocnemius
31
What muscles are usually torn at their proximal attachments in a groin pull?
the adductor or iliopsoas muscles
32
What is the primary dorsiflexor of the foot?
tiabialis anterior
33
What muscles have the same insertion but antagonist actions?
tibialis and fibularis
34
What are the gastrocnemius and soleus known as?
triceps surae
35
What are 3 different causes of shin splints?
stress fracture of the tibia, inflammation of teh periosteum, tendonitis
36
Why is compartment syndrome considered a medical emergency and what procedure can be done to relieve it?
hypoxia of the muscles, decompression fasciotomy, may need skin graft
37
What are 3 places for IM injections
gluteus maximus (high and lateral), deltoid, vastus lateralis
38
What is the medical term for a ministroke?
transient ischemic attack
39
How is a TIA different from a stroke stroke?
the body's clot dissolving system chews up wayward clots before the neurons die
40
What was causing ellen's frequent TIA?
a hole in her heart, or a patent forament ovule
41
Why is a PFO concerning?
venous blood from the right atria can cross into the left and if there are clots, they can get into the carotid artery to the brain
42
What is the concern with prescribing asprin?
can cause a small laceration to become life threaten because it is an anticlotting agent