appendicular muscles Flashcards
What anterior thoracic muscles are synergistic and what do they do?
pectoralis minor and serratus anterior- protract and depress the scapula
What complication could arise from a radial mastectomy?
paralysis of serratus anterior, winged scapula
What are the posterior muscles that move the pectoral girdle/what do they all do?
adduct, elevate and retract the scapula
traps also draw head back and rhombs inferiorly rotate
What is the prime arm extensor?
latissimus dorsi
What is the prime mover of arm flexion?
pectoralis major
What is the prime abductor of the arm?
deltoid
How are the lats related to a weak heart?
Can cut the lats free from humerus and wrap aroudn heart to strengthen the cardiac muscle
How are breast implants related to the chest muscles?
Often implanted behind the pectoralis major
What muscle is synergistic to the pectoralis major?
corocobrachialis
What muscle is synergistic with the lats?
teres major
What two muscles are synergistic within the rotator cuff?
infraspinatus and teres minor, adduct and laterally rotate arm
What muscle is most commonly injured in the rotator cuff and why?
supraspinatus because the tendon gets pinched by the acromion when the muscle is contracted
What is tennis elbow?
lateral epicondylitis
what is a powerful supinator of the forearm?
biceps brachii
Where do muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm generally originate and what do they do?
medial epicondyle of the humerus, flex the wrist, metacarpals and/or interphalangeals
Where do the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm generally originate and what do they do?
the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and extend the wrist, metacarpals, interphalangeals
The palmar surface of the carpal bones is covered by ______?
flexor retinaculum
the tight space between the carpal bones and the flexor retinaculum is called the ___ ____
carpal tunnel
Carpal tunnel syndrome results from compression of the ____ ___ and results in pain and ______ or pins and needles feeling
median nerve, parasthesia
The ___ ___ partitions the thigh muscles into compartments, each with its own __ and __ supply
fascia lata, blood, nerve
The ___ ___ extends from the lower spine that passes deep to the ___ ____ and merges with the ___ to for the ____
psoas major, inguinal ligament, iliacus, iliopsoas
What muscle means “tailor” in latin and enables one to sit cross legged?
sartorius
What muscle is the chief extensor of the thigh?
gluteus maximus
Deep to the gluteus maximus is the ____ which is latin for __ ____ and can cause pressure on the ___ ___
piriformus, pear shaped, sciatic nerve
4 muscles make up the ____ ____ which is the prime mover of __ ____
quadriceps femoris, knee extension
The hamstrings all of a common ___ which is ___ ____ but different ___
origin, ischial tuberosity, insertions
What muscle forms the tendon on the lateral side of the popliteal fossa?
biceps femoris
What muscles form the medial margin of the popliteal and which is more prominant
semimembranosus and semitendinosis, tendonosis is more prominent
What did the mongol hordes cut to incapacitate their enemies?
the hamstrings
What muscle of the lower leg aids in leg flexion?
gastrocnemius
What muscles are usually torn at their proximal attachments in a groin pull?
the adductor or iliopsoas muscles
What is the primary dorsiflexor of the foot?
tiabialis anterior
What muscles have the same insertion but antagonist actions?
tibialis and fibularis
What are the gastrocnemius and soleus known as?
triceps surae
What are 3 different causes of shin splints?
stress fracture of the tibia, inflammation of teh periosteum, tendonitis
Why is compartment syndrome considered a medical emergency and what procedure can be done to relieve it?
hypoxia of the muscles, decompression fasciotomy, may need skin graft
What are 3 places for IM injections
gluteus maximus (high and lateral), deltoid, vastus lateralis
What is the medical term for a ministroke?
transient ischemic attack
How is a TIA different from a stroke stroke?
the body’s clot dissolving system chews up wayward clots before the neurons die
What was causing ellen’s frequent TIA?
a hole in her heart, or a patent forament ovule
Why is a PFO concerning?
venous blood from the right atria can cross into the left and if there are clots, they can get into the carotid artery to the brain
What is the concern with prescribing asprin?
can cause a small laceration to become life threaten because it is an anticlotting agent
