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Anat 1 > muscle tissue and muscles > Flashcards

muscle tissue and muscles Flashcards

1
Q

types of muscle activity (3)

A 
motor actions (movement of skeletal sys)
contractions of the heart and vessels
actions in the intestines
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2
Q

Types of contraction (2)

A

isometric

isotonic

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3
Q

define isometric

A

length of muscle does not change

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4
Q

define isotonic

A

length of muscle does change

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5
Q

muscle gets shorter

A

concentric

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6
Q

muscle gets longer

A

eccentric

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7
Q

names of muscles: shape (2)

A

deltoid

trapezius

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8
Q

names of muscles: origin-insertion (2)

A

coracobrachialis

sternocleidomastoid

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9
Q

names of muscles: function (2)

A

pronator teres

extensor digitorum

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10
Q

names of muscles: relative size (2)

A 
adductor magnus
adductor brevis (thight)
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11
Q

names of muscles: fiber arrangement (2)

A

rectus abdominis

rectus cervicus

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12
Q

names of muscles: location (2)

A 
pectoralis
latissimus dorsi (wide back)
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13
Q

fiber arrangement: rectus abdominis

A

straight

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14
Q

fiber arrangement: biceps brachii

A

fusiform

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15
Q

fiber arrangement: palmar interosseous muscles

A

unipennate

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16
Q

fiber arrangement: dorsal interosseous muscles

A

bipennate

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17
Q

fiber arrangement: deltoid muscle

A

multipennate

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18
Q

agonist

A

muscle doing the desired action

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19
Q

antagonist

A

muscle that opposes the agonist

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20
Q

synergist

A

muscle that eliminates unwanted action by the agonist

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21
Q

fixator

A

muscle that stabilizes base of attachment of agonist

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22
Q

unijoint

A

muscle that crosses only one joint

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23
Q

multi-joint

A

muscle that crosses more than one joint

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24
Q

insufficiency

A

inability of a multi-joint muscle to contract maximally over all joints crossed simultaneously

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25
Q

agonist muscles are classified as

A

prime movers and assistant movers

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26
Q

when a muscle acts as a stabilizer, it usually contracts…

A

isometrically

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27
Q

a pure NEUTRALIZER…

A

will cause the opposite motion of the prime mover without assisting in the movement

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28
Q

MULTI-JOINT muscles do not allow…

A

complete range of motion in all joints at one time

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29
Q

muscles that pass anterior to the axis of a joint are flexors like (2)

A

deltoid

biceps

30
Q

muscles that pass posterior to the axis of a joint are extensors like (2)

A

deltoid

triceps

31
Q

muscles that pass lateral to a joint are abductors like (1)

A

deltoid

32
Q

active insufficiency apples to

A

agonist

33
Q

passive insufficiency applies to

A

antagonist/multi-joint muscles

34
Q

Appearance of muscle tissue can be (2)

A

smooth

striated

35
Q

Arrangement of muscle tissue nucleus//nuclei can be

A

multinucleated (syncytium)

mononucleated

36
Q

Fcn of muscle tissue can be

A

voluntary

involuntary

37
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal (striated)
smooth
cardiac

38
Q

skeletal muscle aka (2)

characteristics (3)

A

striated
voluntary

peripheral nuclei
multinucleated
conducts action potential

39
Q

smooth muscle aka (2)

A

visceral

involuntary

40
Q

aponeuroses

A

flat, fan-shaped tendons typically giving rise to other tendons

41
Q

tendons characteristics (5)

A 
attach btwn muscle fibers and bone
dense collagenous connective tissue
surrounded by peritendineum
bundles of collagen fibers
poorly vascularized
42
Q

myofilament: types (2) and oranized into…

A

myosin and actin. Organized into sarcomeres

43
Q

myofibril

A

chain of sarcomeres

44
Q

myofiber

A

bundle of myofibrils aka muscle cell

45
Q

fascicle

A

bundle of myofibers

46
Q

muscle

A

composed of varying numbers of fascicles

47
Q

endomysium (2)

A

surrounds each muscle fiber

lies outside sarcolemma (cell membrane)

48
Q

perimysium

A

surrounds each fascicle

49
Q

epimysium (3)

A

surrounds each muscle
becomes continuous with tendons
attached to periosteum

50
Q

actin associated molecules (2)

A

tropomyosin

troponin

51
Q

actin characteristic (2)

A

thin filamentous protein polymer (f-actin)

made up of 2 helically wound polymers of G actin

52
Q

myosin characteristics (3)

A

bundles of long molecules
heads attach to binding sites on actin filaments
attach-swivel-release cycles = contraction

53
Q

separate adjacent sarcomeres in a fibril

composed of z-actin

A

z-line

54
Q

make up ends of each sarcomere
located on either side of z-line
composed entirely of actin

A

i-band

55
Q

located in middle of sarcomere
composed of both actin and myosin
does not change width during contraction

A

a-band

56
Q

the mass of a myofiber and a muscle may be…

A

increased

57
Q

structure of a sarcomere

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum
t-tubules
cisternae

58
Q

conduct action potential from cell membrane surface to interior

A

t-tubule

59
Q

release calcium ions in response to action potential

A

cisternae

60
Q

during a contraction (2)

A

I band and H band shorten

A band remains the same length

61
Q

Sliding occurs when…

A

ATPase heads of myosin attach to actin via troponin and swivel

62
Q

Calcium ions trigger…

A

these ions trigger sliding of myosin and actin filaments resulting in contraction

63
Q

in middle of each a-band
composed entirely of myosin
band width changes during contraction

A

h-band

64
Q

units for fine control have…

A

fewer fibers

65
Q

units for gross control have…

A

many fibers

66
Q

myofiber type is determined by…

A

innervating neuron

67
Q

red fibers

A

dark, slow fibers

68
Q

white fibers

A

light, fast fibers

69
Q

muscles predominantly composed of dark fibers

A

soleus

70
Q

muscles predominantly composed of light fibers

A

gastrocnemius

71
Q

dark, slow fibers (6)

A 
fatigue resistant
contract slowly (slow twitch)
rely on oxidative phosphorylation
large number of mitochondria
high conc of myoglobin (red)
low conc of ATPase
72
Q

light, fast fibers (6)

A 
fatigue easily
contact rapidly (fast twitch)
rely of glycolysis
small number of mitochondria
low conc of myoglobin (white)
high conc of ATPase

Anat 1 (19 decks)

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