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Anat 1 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What makes the anatomical position?

A

Standing erect
Palms supinated
Toes directed forward

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2
Q

An axis is a…

A

Straight line

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3
Q

A plane is formed by?

A

2 intersecting axes

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4
Q

Superficial

A

Nearer to surface

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5
Q

Intermediate

A

Between a superficial and a deep structure

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6
Q

Deep

A

Farther from the surface

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7
Q

Medial

A

Nearer to the median plane

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8
Q

Lateral

A

Farther from the median plane

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9
Q

Posterior/dorsal

A

Nearer to back

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10
Q

Superior (cranial)

A

Nearer to head

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11
Q

Palmar vs dorsal

A 
Anterior hand (palm)
Posterior hand (dorsum)
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12
Q

Plantar vs dorsal

A

Inferior foot surface (sole)

Sup foot surface (dorsum)

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13
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to trunk or point of origin

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14
Q

Distal

A

Farther from trunk or point of origin

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15
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

Nearer to front

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16
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

Nearer to feet

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17
Q

Ausculation

A

Hearing/sound

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18
Q

Palpation

A

Touch/feel

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19
Q

Bony landmarks

A

Where you’re at in the human body

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20
Q

Dermatomes

A

Neural assessment

I.e. sensory and motor deprivation

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21
Q

The epidermis is a…

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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22
Q

Epidermis is made up of how many layers?

A

4-5

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23
Q

What is the deepest layer of the epidermis and what activity is high?

A

Stratum basale/germinativum and high mitotic activity

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24
Q

The stratum basale is… and…?

A

Innervated and avascular

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25
Q

Superficial layer of the epidermis?

A

Stratum corneum

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26
Q

How are cells like in the layer of the stratum corneum?

A

Dead and keratinized

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27
Q

Between the stratum germinativum and stratum corneum are?

A

Several transitional layers represented by cells from the stratum germinativum that are transforming into dead, keratinized cells

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28
Q

What is the deepest region of the integument?

A

Dermis

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29
Q

4 characteristics of the dermis?

A

Classified as a dense irregular connective tissue
Has an abundance of collagen fibers
May also be some elastic fibers
The dermis is vascularized

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30
Q

2 layers of the dermis?

A

Papillary (closest to the epidermis)

Reticular

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31
Q

Thick skin:
Found?
How thick?
1 characteristic

A

Palms of hands and soles of feet
0.4-0.6 mm
No hair follicles

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32
Q

Thin skin:
Found?
Thickness?
Total skin thickness?

A

Every where except palms of hands and sole of feet
0.075-0.150 mm
Total: 0.5-3 mm

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33
Q

Integument sits on a connective tissue referred as? (4)

A

Subcutaneous fascia
Superficial fascia
Hypodermis
SubQ

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34
Q

Superficial fascia:

Consist of?
May be…
Supports?

A

Loose bundles of collagen and elastic fibers, as well as aggregate lipocytes

May be loosely or tightly attached

Supports cutaneous nerves and blood vessels

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35
Q

Deep fascia syn:

A

Membranous fascia

Investing fascia

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36
Q

Deep fascia made of?

A

Several thin layers of tough collagen material

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37
Q

Deep fascia adheres to?

A

Muscles, bones, tendons

38
Q

Glands are what?

A

Epithelial structures

39
Q

Exocrine

A

Secrete out through a duct

40
Q

Endocrine

A

Secrete products into bloodstream (no duct)

41
Q

Sudoriferous glands

A

Long, simple, tubular glands

Merocrine or apocrine

42
Q

Apocrine glands found?

A

Labia majora, areola, axillary and anal regions

43
Q

Characteristic of apocrine secretions?

A

Thick, viscous

44
Q

Excretory duct opens into hair follicle

A

Apocrine

45
Q

Apocrine innervation

A

Adrenergic innervation (odor) due to stress response from sympathetic NS

46
Q

Special types of apocrine glands (2)

A 
Ceruminous glands (ear wax)
Glands of Moll (lubricant for eyes-oil)
47
Q

Sebaceous glands are…

A

Holocrine glads

48
Q

Secretion is thick

Secretory cell is destroyed in the process of secretion

A

Holocrine

49
Q

Hair follicles associated with…

A

Sebaceous glands

50
Q

Ceruminous glands located and secrete what?

A

In external auditory canal and secrete ear wax

51
Q

Modified sweat glands

Both merocrine and apocrine

A

Mammory glands

52
Q

Lanugo

A

Earliest fine embryonic hair that sheds before birth except around eyebrows, scalp, and eyelids

53
Q

Vellus

A

New downy coat of hair appears a few months after birth.

54
Q

Hair shaft composed of…

A

Dead cornfield epidermal cells

55
Q

Hair follicle derived from…

A

Both epidermis and dermis

56
Q

A type of sensory receptor (a cutaneous derivative)

A

Hair

57
Q

Hairs are found everywhere except?

A

Palms, soles, dorsal digit phalanges, anal and urogenital apertures

58
Q

3 parts to a nail

A

Ungis
Matrix
Subungis

59
Q

Ungis: (4) characteristics

A

Modified stratum corneum
Flattened
Avascular and not innervated
Travels over a nail bed guided by lateral nail grooves

60
Q

Matrix (1 nail characteristic)

A

Stratum germinativum produces ungis

61
Q

Types of specialized cell in the integument

A 
Melanocytes
Melanosomes 
Langerhans cells 
Merkel cells 
Meissner’s corpuscles
Pacino corpuscles
62
Q

3 melanocytes characteristics

A

Found in deep layers of epidermis
Derived from nervous system components
Form melanosomes

63
Q

Characteristics of langerhans cells (6)

A 
Aka dendritic cells 
Derived from monocytes 
Antigen presenting cells 
Primarily in stratum spinosum 
Migrate from epidermis to lymph nodes 
Birbeck granules (proteins involved in uptake and delivery of antigens)
64
Q

Merkel cells characteristics (4)

A

Mechanorecptors
Diffuse neuroendocrine cells
In stratum germinativum
Contain catecholamine like granules

65
Q

Langers’s lines

A

Represent tension lines created by collagen fibers in dermis

66
Q

Surgeons incise…to langer’s lines?

A

Parallel

67
Q

What layer rests on the dermis?

A

Basal membrane

68
Q

What layer rests on the dermis?

A

Basal membrane

69
Q

What layer rests on the basal membrane?

A

Epidermis

70
Q

List, in order, the integument layers.

A

Epidermis
Basal membrane
Dermis

71
Q

Superficial fascia located?

A

between the dermis (overlaying skin) and underlying deep fascia

72
Q

Define dermatome?

A

unilateral area of skin innervated by the sensory fibers of a single spinal nerve

73
Q

What are the characteristics of epithelial tissues?

A

Most cellular tissue in the body
Simple (one cell layer thick) and stratified (more than one cell layer thick)
Classified by shape of cells (squamous, cubodial, and columnar)

74
Q

Epithelial cells are tightly bound to form?

A

To form tissues by highly specialized molecular complexes that form tight junctions

75
Q

Epithelial cells exhibit…

A

polarity

76
Q

Apical domains and examples

A

Surfaces of the cells that are in contact with the lumen: kidney tubule cells and glandular duct cells or external environment: surface cells of the epidermis

77
Q

Basolateral domains and examples

A

surfaces of the cells that are locked together and surface opp the apical domain that is in contact with the basal lamina

78
Q

epithelial tissue sits on top?

A

A basement membrane

79
Q

Basal membrane consists of what 2 components

A

basal lamina is next to the epithelial layer

reticular lamina is in contact with underlying connective tissue

80
Q

Functions of the basement membrane:

A

Selective filtration barrier
scaffold for embryogenesis and regeneration
stabilization of tissue shapes

81
Q

What are the surface modifications on the apical domains of the outermost cell layer?

A

cilia
stereocilia
microvilli (brush border)

82
Q

Lightly keratinized epithelium in

A

esophagus and vagina

83
Q

Heavily keratinized epithelium in

A

epidermis

84
Q

Pseudostratified epithelium:

A

type of simple epithelium

85
Q

Median plane divides the body into

A

Left and right halves

86
Q

Frontal plane divides the body into

A

Anterior and posterior

87
Q

Transverse plane divide the body into

A

Superior and inferior

88
Q

Median (saggital) plane is formed by what 2 intersecting axes

A

Cranial-caudal and anterior-posterior

89
Q

Frontal (coronal) plane formed by what 2 intersecting axes

A

Cranial caudal and left-right axes

90
Q

Transverse plane formed by what 2 intersecting axes

A

Anterior-posterior and left-right axes

91
Q

Anterior-posterior axis rotation?

A

Abduction adduction

92
Q

Left-right transverse rotation?

A

Flexion extension

Anat 1 (19 decks)

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