Lecture 2 Flashcards
Connective tissue (CT) characteristics: (5)
found in every organ except CNS relatively few cells abundant matrix varying amounts of protein fibers classified on the basis of the type of matrix, fiber density , and fiber organization
CT Fcns: (5)
physically supports other tissues
binds other tissues together
provides structural framework and opposes gravity
creates body contours
houses specialized tissue i.e. blood forming tissue (hemtopoietic) and lymphoid tissue !!
CT types: Wharton’s Jelly and found where
embryonic found in umbilical cord
CT types for adult
elastic
reticular
loose
dense
CT types for special
adipose
cartilage
bone
hematopoietic
-blast
to build/make
-cyte
cell
-clast
to break down
list the 3 protein fibers:
collagen
elastic
reticular
Amorphous non-cellular material:
glycosaminoglycans
glycoprotiens
chondroitin sulfate (cartilage)
hydroxyapatite (bone)
loose (areolar) CT characteristics (5)
high ratio of fibroblasts to fibrous components
type I collagen fibers and elastic fibers
found beneath tissues of most organs, including tunica adventitia of blood vessels
contains fibroblasts, mast cells, macrophages, and capillaries
Dense regular CT characteristics (4)
high ratio of fibrous components to fibroblasts
thicker bundles of collagen
highly ordered bundles of collagen separated by single rows of fibroblasts
found in tendons and ligaments
diameter of adipocytes
150 micrometers
types of adipose tissue
white fat distributed throughout the body (unilocular)
brown fat cells contain numerous smaller lipid droplets
brown fat characteristics (4)
multilocular
slightly more cytoplasm
abundant in mitochondria
used for heat production
CT matrix consists of:
protein fibers and ground substance
CT proper cells that are in homogeneous matrix are?
fibrocytes and fribroblasts
Types of CT protein fibers and ground substance in matrix:
collagen
reticular and elastic fibers
grond substance composed of glycosaminoglycans and glcoproteins
cartilage forming cells
chondroblasts
cartilage maintenance cells
chrondrocytes
collagen fibers
mostly type II
amorphous ground substance (3)
hyaluronan
chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate, heparin sulfate
glycosaminoglycans
outer fibrous layer surrounding a mass of cartilage
perichondrium
gives rise to chondroblasts which become chondrocytes which produces collagen and proteoglycans in matrix
inner chondrogenic layer
avascular properties of cartilage:
slow to heal
nutrients and oxygen are derived from blood vessels
the 3 major classes of cartilage:
hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage
…may form part or all of the skeletal system in vertebrates
cartilage
most of the skeletal sys in vertebrates begins as?
cartilage
matrix of cartilage: (3)
chondroitin sulfate
collagen fibers
proteoglycans
Chondroblasts do what?
for the cartilage matrix
chondrocytes do what?
maintain the cartilage matrix
lucunae:
pockets w/in the matrix where the chondroblasts and chondrocytes are found
hyaline cartilage growth patterns:
appositional
interstitial
location of hyaline cartilage
ears
nose
movable joint surfaces
elastic cartilage found in (2)
auricle (pinna) of the ear
epiglottis
fibrocartilage found:
intervertebral discs
less movable joints
Matrix of bone:
organic compound osteoid
inorganic compound hydroxyapatite
types of bone: (3)
woven
spongy
compact
occurs during bone development and bone repair
produced rapidly
haphazard collagen foundation
less structural integrity
woven bone
aka: trabecular or cancellous bone
form trabeculae surrounding the bone marrow spaces in the long bones and flat bones
spongy bone
aka lamellar bone
bone layers called laminae
layers may be flattened and parallel
Haversian canal
compact bone
