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Biology > Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three types of muscle in our bodies?

A
  • Cardiac/heart muscle
  • Smooth muscles found in internal organs
  • Skeletal muscles (striped/voluntary), tendons join muscles to bone
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2
Q

Describe muscle structure. (3 points)

A
  • Individual muscle fibres fuse together causing no weakness at the ends
  • They share their nuclei and cytoplasm- sarcoplasm
  • Each muscle is made up of tiny fibres called myofibril arranged parallel to each other
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3
Q

What is found in sarcoplasm?

A

Many mitochondria and ER.

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4
Q

Describe the structure of myofibril. (3 points)

A
  • Has many nucleus and a distinctive pattern of bands
  • Bound by a membrane- sarcolemma
  • These fibres are bundled together into larger ones
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5
Q

What do myofibrils allows the muscles to do?

A

Contract.

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6
Q

What are the different coloured bands myofibrils appear in?

A
  • A (dark band)
  • I (light band)
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7
Q

What are myofibrils made up of?

A

Two types of protein filament: actin and myosin.

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8
Q

What is actin?

A

Protein filament found in myofibrils that is thin and made up of two strands around each other.

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9
Q

What is myosin?

A

Protein filament found in myofibrils that is thick and contains long rod shaoed fibres with bulbous heads that project to the side.

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10
Q

What is sarcomere and how does it work?

A

The contractile unit within a muscle fibre. Actin and myosin slide over each other and the sarcomere shortens in the muscle contraction.

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11
Q

What are the two types of muscle fibres?

A

Slow twitch (type I) and fast twtich (type II)

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12
Q

What are the two types of fast twitch fibres?

A

Type IIa and type IIx/IIb

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13
Q

Where are slow twitch fibres used more?

A

In muscles that contract for longer duration.

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14
Q

Where are fast twitch (Type IIa) fibres used more?

A

Fast contracting muscles

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15
Q

Where are fast twitch (Type IIb) fibres used more?

A

Fast contracting muscles

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16
Q

What is the main energy source of slow twitch fibres?

A

Oxidative metabolism as needs a large amount of oxygen.

17
Q

How are slow twitch fibres adapted? (4 points)

A
  • Abundance of mitochondria to use oxygen
  • Abundance of myoglobin
  • Surrounded by capillaries to facilitate transport of oxygen
  • Thin
18
Q

Are slow twitch fibres resistant to fatigue?

A

Yes.

19
Q

Are type IIa fast twitch fibres resistant to fatigue?

A

Yes.

20
Q

How are type IIa fast twitch fibres adapted?

A

Abundance of mitochondria and glycogen for faster ATP generation.

21
Q

Are type IIa fast twitch fibres or type IIb fast twitch fibres similar to slow twitch fibres?

A

Type IIa fast twitch fibres.

22
Q

What is the main energy source for type IIa fast twitch fibres?

A

Oxidative metabolism and glycolytic.

23
Q

Are type IIb fast twitch fibres resistant to fatigue?

A

No- they do not last long.

24
Q

Do type IIb fast twitch fibres have more or fewer mitochondria than the other fibres?

A

Fewer.

25
Q

What type of concentration do type IIb fast twitch fibres have of myoglobin and why?

A

Low concentration because oxidative metabolism doesn’t take place meaning there are less oxidative enzymes.

26
Q

What is the main energy source for type IIb fast twitch fibres and what does this cause?

A

Glycogen and phosphocreatine. This leads to a large amount of glycolytic enzymes which cause the fibres to be faster.

27
Q

What colour are slow twitch fibres and why?

A

Red because have high myoglobin.

28
Q

What colour are type IIa fast twitch fibres and why?

A

Red because have high myoglobin.

29
Q

What colour are type IIb fast twitch fibres and why?

A

White because have low myoglobin.

30
Q

What are 3 features of fast twitch fibres?

A
  • Small amount of energy released quickly
  • Rapid movements
  • Anaerobic respiration
31
Q

What are 3 features of slow twitch fibres?

A
  • Large amount of energy released slowly
  • Stamina and endurance
  • Aerobic respiration.
32
Q

What is the definition of fast twitch fibres?

A

Fibres that contract quickly, tire fast and rely on anaerobic respiration.

33
Q

What is the definition of slow twitch fibres?

A

Fibres that contract slowly, tire slowly and rely on aerobic respiration.

Biology (9 decks)

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