Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology 1 > Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are muscles specialised for?

A

contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the types of muscle tissue and what is their role?

A

skeletal - movement of body
cardiac - movement of blood
smooth - movement of gases, fluids and solid through visceral organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is skeletal muscle classified?

A

somatic (voluntary) & striated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is cardiac muscle classified?

A

autonomic (involuntary) & striated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is smooth muscle classified?

A

autonomic (involuntary) & non striated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a striated appearance?

A

banded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the name of the outer connective tissue that encases entire muscles?

A

epimysium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the name given to the connective tissue layer that surrounds bundles of muscle fibres, known as fascicles?

A

perimysium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the name given to the connective tissue layer that surrounds individual skeletal muscle fibres?

A

endomysium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What name is given to the structure formed by the coming together of the 3 connective tissue layers in skeletal muscle, at the tapering ends?

A

tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is each skeletal cell packed full of?

A

myofibrils which create the striated appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are myofibrils made from?

A

repeating proteins units called myofilaments made from actin and myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the dark bands in electron-microscopy?

A

myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the light bands in electron-microscopy?

A

actin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the contractual units called?

A

sarcomeres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do they contractual units contract?

A

actin and myosin slide over each other, overlapping due to a conformational change in the sarcomere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe which organelles are specialized for skeletal muscle

A

plasma membrane called sacrolemma
cytoplasm called the sacroplasm
sarcoplasmic reticulum
multinucleated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What a motor unit?

A

A single motor neurone together with all the muscle fibres it innervates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the process of muscle contraction called?

A

Excitation-Contraction coupling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the chemical messenger converted from neuronal action potential that simulates the action potential in skeletal muscle cells?

A

acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What structural feature of skeletal muscle fibres propagates action potentials into the interior of the cell?

A

T tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happens at the action potential?

A

When the muscle is stimulated, calcium ions are released from its store inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum, into the sarcoplasm (muscle )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What structural feature of skeletal muscle fibres sequesters calcium away from myofibrils during relaxation?

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the function of cardiac muscle?

A

Specialized for continuous autonomous contractions
Pump blood through the cardiovascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the structure of cardiac muscle?

A

elongated, branched cylindrical cells
1 or 2 centrally located nuclei
similar arrangement of contractile proteins as in skeletal muscle causing striated appearance

26
Q

What are the layers of cardiac muscle?

A

Pericardium (P): Outer supporting tissue layer
Myocardium (M): Cardiac muscle tissue
Endocardium (E): Single layer of endothelial cells

27
Q

What do the intercalated discs at the end of cardiomyocytes contain?

A

desmosomes, gap junction

28
Q

What are the cells of cardiac muscle?

A

cardiomyocytes

29
Q

What are the similarities between cardiac and skeletal muscle?

A

identical arrangement of sacromeres
both have t tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum
contraction happens by sliding -filament mechanism

30
Q

What are the differences between cardiac and skeletal muscle?

A

In cardiac muscle cells the SR slowly leaks Ca so that the heart can generate its own action potential instead of only releasing at an action potential
no motor neuron needed in cardiac muscles as single travels through gap junctions at the end of intercalated discs

31
Q

All cells in cardiac muscle work as a single unit, what is this called?

A

syncytium

32
Q

What is a ‘conducting system’?

A

The conducting system is a group of cells that can initiate the contractions without any outside stimulus

33
Q

What can undergo spontaneous depolarisation?

A

pacemaker cells

34
Q

Describe the conducting system of cardiac muscle

A

Signal to contract will travel from sinotrial node (pacemaker cells) to atrioventricular node
– this movement will trigger the atria to contract and push blood from atria to the ventricles.
- from the node the signal to contract will travel to the bundle of his to the purkinje fibres where they reveal that signal to the cardiac muscle cells

35
Q

Where is smooth muscle found?

A

lining hollow organs

36
Q

What is the structure of smooth muscle?

A

Elongated, spindle-shaped cells with tapered ends
Single centrally located nuclei
No sarcomeres hence no striations

37
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Peristalsis is a wave of contraction in the gastrointestinal tract followed by relaxation

38
Q

What only exists in smooth muscle?

A

desmin

39
Q

What does the smooth muscle look like contracted?

A

globalar

40
Q

What does the smooth muscle look like relaxed?

A

elongated

41
Q

What does the smooth muscle not have?

A

no myofibrils or sarcomeres

42
Q

What is the adventitia referred to in the abdominal cavity?

A

serosa

43
Q

What name is given to the innermost layer (luminal surface) that is composed predominantly of epithelium in the intestine?

A

mucosa

44
Q

Name the section directly beneath the mucosa

A

submucosa

45
Q

Name the section directly beneath the submucosa

A

muscularis propria

46
Q

Name the section directly beneath the muscularis propria

A

serosa

47
Q

What are mucus-secreting cells called?

A

goblet cells

48
Q

How many nuclei does smooth muscle have?

A

one

49
Q

What is the position of the nuclei in cardiac muscle cells?

A

Central

50
Q

What is the zigzag portion called that forms the boundary ends of each sarcomere?

A

z line

51
Q

What are the thick filaments in sarcomeres?

A

myosin

52
Q

What are the thin filaments in sarcomeres?

A

actin

53
Q

What do T tubules do?

A

they also transmission of the action potential across the sarcoplasm

54
Q

Where is calcium concentrated?

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

55
Q

What is the M line?

A

the middle of the sarcomere

56
Q

What is the I line?

A

where actin filaments are (no overlapping)

57
Q

Why are intercalated discs present in cardiac muscle?

A

for rapid transmission of stimuli between cells and points of anchoring

58
Q

How are actin and myosin arranged in smooth muscle?

A

criss-cross lattice

59
Q

In smooth muscle, calcium binds to what molecule to create contraction?

A

calmodulin

60
Q

What is the band that contains only myosin filaments?

A

H band

61
Q

What is the band where myosin and actin filaments overlap?

A

A band

Histology 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions