Introduction to Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What is histology?

A

The microscopic study of normal cells and tissue

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2
Q

What is pathology or histopathology?

A

Study of diseased cells and tissue

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3
Q

What microscopy is used to see the ultrastructure of tissues and cells?

A

Electron microscopy

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4
Q

What microscopy is most commonly used for histopathology?

A

Light microscopy

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5
Q

What biopsy is used for skin/oral?

A

Punch/incision

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6
Q

What biopsy is used for invisible lumps/organs?

A

Needle with MRI/X-Ray

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7
Q

What biopsy is used for colon/bladder/lung?

A

Endoscopic

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8
Q

What tissue does Masson trichrome stain?

A

Connective tissue

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9
Q

What does H&E stain?

A

Haematoxylin stains acidic structures such as nucleic acids blue/purple and eosin stains basic structures such as cytoplasmic proteins red/pink

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10
Q

What does Masson trichrome stain blue/purple?

A

Basophilic structures such as nucleic acids

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11
Q

What does Masson trichrome stain red?

A

Muscle, red blood cells, keratin, cytoplasm

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12
Q

What does Masson trichrome stain green/blue?

A

collagen

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13
Q

What does reticulin stain, stain?

A

Reticular fibres found in connective tissues black/blue

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14
Q

What microscopy is most compatible with staining?

A

Light

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15
Q

What are the stages of microscopic examination?

A

Specimen collection, fixation, dehydration, embedding, sectioning and staining

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16
Q

What is paraffin not compatible with?

A

alcohol/water

16
Q

What is staining not compatible with and what is used to remove it?

A

xylene is used to remove paraffin
alcohol is used to remove xylene
water is used to remove alcohol

17
Q

What does PAS stain?

A

complex carbohydrates, mucus from goblet cells, brush borders, basement membranes all magenta

18
Q

What is the most common type of stain?

19
Q

How does immunohistochemistry work?

A

Antibody conjugated to an indicator (enzymatic or fluorescent) specific to an antigen that is is trying to detect

20
Q

What stain identifies functionality?

A

Immunohistochemistry

21
Q

What does alcian blue stain?

A

Stains mucin and cartilage blue.

22
Q

What does vie gieson stain?

A

collagen red

nuclei, RBCs, cytoplasm yellow

23
Q

What device is used for sectioning and how thick are the sections?

A

7um thick sections cut using microtome, mounted on to glass slide

24
What is fixation and what chemicals are used?
Preserves the structural arrangement, terminates all biochemical reactions and prevents tissue decomposition. Uses formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde