Muscle Skeletal Flashcards
Arachidonic acid products Lipoxygenase pathway yields
L for Lipoxygenase and Leukotriene.
Leukotrienes.
Arachidonic acid products LTB4 function
neutrophil chemotactic agent
Arachidonic acid products LTC4 , D4 , and E4 function
bronchoconstriction, vasoconstriction, contraction of smooth muscle,
and ↑ vascular permeability.
Arachidonic acid products PGI2 function
“Platelet-Gathering Inhibitor.”
inhibits platelet aggregation and promotes vasodilation.
non specific NSAIDs Mechanism
Reversibly inhibit cyclooxygenase (both COX-1 and COX-2). Block prostaglandin synthesis.
non specific NSAIDs Clinical use
Antipyretic, analgesic, anti- inflammatory. Indomethacin is used to close a PDA.
non specific NSAIDs Toxicity
Renal damage, aplastic anemia, GI distress, ulcers.
COX-2 inhibitors Names
celecoxib, valdecoxib
COX-2 inhibitors Mechanism
Reversibly inhibit specifically the cyclooxygenase (COX) isoform 2, which is found in inflammatory cells and mediates inflammation and pain; spares COX-1
COX-2 inhibitors Clinical use
Rheumatoid and osteoarthritis.
COX-2 inhibitors Toxicity
Increased risk of thrombosis. Less toxicity to GI mucosa (lower incidence of ulcers, bleeding).
Acetaminophen Toxicity Tx
N-acetylcysteine is antidote–– regenerates glutathione.
Acetaminophen Toxicity
hepatic necrosis; acetaminophen metabolite depletes glutathione and forms toxic tissue adducts in liver.
Shoulder muscles that form the rotator cuff:
just name them
S I t S (small t is for teres minor).
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus–
Teres minor–– Subscapularis–
Shoulder muscles that form the rotator cuff:
names and functions
Supraspinatus––helps deltoid abduct arm. Infraspinatus––laterally rotates arm. Teres minor––adducts and laterally rotates arm. Subscapularis––medially rotates and adducts arm.
