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Pharm Exam 4 > Muscle Relaxants > Flashcards

Muscle Relaxants Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle Spasm definition

A

The involuntary contraction of a muscle.

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2
Q

Causes of muscle spasms

A

Epilepsy
HYPOcalcemia
Pain syndromes
Localized skeletal muscle injury (gym warriors)

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3
Q

Drug therapy for muscle spasms.

A

NSAIDs

Centrally acting muscle relaxants.

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4
Q

A centrally acting muscle relaxant that acts like GABA.

A

Baclofen

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5
Q

MOA of centrally acting muscle relaxants.

A

Unknown

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6
Q

These centrally acting muscle relaxants increase the presynaptic inhibition of motor neurons in the CNS.

A

1) Diazepam

2) Tizanidine

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7
Q

Promotes presynaptic inhibition by mimicing GABA.

A

Diazepam

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8
Q

Causes presynaptic inhibition by activating alpha 2 receptors.

A

Tizanidine

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9
Q

Are centrally acting muscle relaxants used to treat muscle spasms or spasticity?

A

SPASMS

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10
Q

These two centrally acting muscle relaxants can be used for muscle SPASTICITY.

A

Diazepam and Baclofen

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11
Q

Muscle relaxants used in dentistry for:

Bruxism
TMJ Disorders

A

Diazepam
Chlorzoxazone
Methocarbamol

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12
Q

Spasticity definition

A

Spastic paralysis.

Increased muscle tone in a large group of muscles

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13
Q

Spasticity causes movement disorders of ______ _______.

A

CNS Origin

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14
Q

How is spasticity managed?

A

Combo of PT and drug therapy.

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15
Q

Common causes of muscle spasticity.

A

Multiple sclerosis
Cerebral palsy
Spinal cord lesions
Stroke

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16
Q

Drugs for Muscle Spasticity

A

Baclofen
Diazepam
Dantrolene

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17
Q

This drug for muscle spasticity acts directly on skeletal muscle.

A

Dantrolene

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18
Q

This drug is used to treat muscle spasticity, is a structural analog of GABA, acts in the CNS, and mechanism is unknown.

A

Baclofen

19
Q

Acts within the spinal cord neurons to suppress hyperactive reflexes that regulate muscle movement.

A

Baclofen

20
Q

Does Baclofen have direct effects on skeletal muscle?

A

No

21
Q

Baclofen acts in the _________, and _______ do not involve the spinal cord.

A

spinal cord; strokes

22
Q

What is Baclofen used to treat

A

Multiple sclerosis
Spinal cord injury
Cerebral palsy

23
Q

What kind of spasms does Baclofen decrease?

A

Flexor and extensor

24
Q

Baclofen suppresses resistance to what kind of movement?

A

Passive movement

25
Q

Adverse effects of Baclofen.

A
  • CNS depressant
  • Gradual withdrawal over 1-2 weeks to prevent seizure activity and withdrawal syndrome.
  • GI symptoms (nausea, constipation).
  • Urinary retention
26
Q

The only member of the benzodiazepine family that’s used to treat muscle spasticity.

A

Diazepam

27
Q

Drug used to treat muscle spasticity that facilitates the action of GABA.

A

Diazepam

28
Q

Adverse effect of Diazepam

A

Sedation

29
Q

This drug is for muscle spasticity, and it acts directly on skeletal muscle.

A

Dantrolene

30
Q

Dantrolene MOA.

A

Prevents the release of Calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum.

31
Q

This drug is used to treat malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

32
Q

What is malignant hyperthermia?

A

Too much Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the intracellular space of the muscle fiber, causing a metabolic reaction that increases body temperature and degrades muscle.

33
Q

What is Dantrolene used to treat?

A

Multiple sclerosis
Cerebral palsy
Spinal cord injury

34
Q

These are the adverse effects of which drug used to treat muscle spasticity? :

Hepatic toxicity
Muscle weakness
Drowsiness
Diarrhea
Acne-like rash
A

Dantrolene

35
Q

Dental indications for muscle relaxants.

A

Bruxism
TMJ Disorders
Tx of head/neck spasms
Reducing post-procedure trismus

36
Q

When warranted, which drug do dentists prefer as a muscle relaxant?

A

Diazepam, bc it has:

  • Good muscle relaxant properties
  • Prolonged action
  • Safety
37
Q

Can CNS muscle relaxants be used for long-term therapy?

A

No, bc they can become addictive.

38
Q

Which of the following is most effective in management of malignant hyperthermia?

Baclofen
Dantrolene
Haloperidol
Succinylcholine
Vecuronium
A

Dantrolene

39
Q

Does Dantrolene have a large effect on Calcium release in cardiac muscle?

A

No

40
Q

T/F:

Diazepam causes sedation at most doses required to reduce muscle spasms.

A

True

41
Q

What does intrathecal mean?

A

In the spinal cord.

42
Q

T/F:

Intrathecal use of baclofen is effective in some refractory cases of muscle spasticity.

A

True

43
Q

Which drug has spasmolytic activity and can be used to manage seizures caused by overdose from a local anesthetic?

A

Diazepam

Pharm Exam 4 (9 decks)

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