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Physiology > Muscle physiology > Flashcards

Muscle physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Contraction are units in the muscle fibres

A

the sarcomeres

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2
Q

Which protein protects the sarcomeres before over-stretching?

A

Titin

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3
Q

Which protein determines the direction of actin polymerization?

A

Titin

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4
Q

Which protein forms in the sarcomere Z band?

A

Alpha-actinin

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5
Q

After the troponin- C calcium is bound…

A

It is activated and moves the Tropomyosinfaser into the pit of Actinfilmanents

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6
Q

The function of troponin T

A

Attaching the troponin complex to tropomysinfaser into the pit of Actinfilaments

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7
Q

The cross-bridge cycle is set by the following reaction in motion:

A

the calcium signal

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8
Q

If in the course of the cross-bridge cycle, ATP is completely consumed, then…

A

created an ongoing and inactive state of contraction (rigor mortis)

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9
Q

In the case of calcium deficiency

A

relaxes the muscle that traps for myosin heads bind to actin are covered by tropomyosin

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10
Q

Magnesium is important in muscle work, since the presence of magnesium requirement for

A

is the ATPase activity of Myosinkopfes

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11
Q

At the end of muscle contraction

A

is the myosin heads on the lowest energy level (energy rest)

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12
Q

Electromechanical coupling we call

A

the process of the formation of the muscular action potential until complete muscle contraction ( and subsequent relaxation)

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13
Q

During the Calcium transient

A

Increases in sarcoplasmic the free calcium contraction a thousand times, in parallel, the mechanisms are already well placed for transport back in gear

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14
Q

The conversion of the incoming electrical signal (AP) in a chemical signal (CA signal) occurs in skeletal muscle at the following location:

A

in the Triad

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15
Q

The scale of the calcium concentration of intramyoplasmatischen space at rest can be measured?

A

micromol/ l

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16
Q

Which ino channel is the voltage-dependent part of the triad?

A

L-type (dihydopyridine by inhibited) calcium channel

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17
Q

Which of the below is one of the mechanisms that climinate from the Myoplasma calcium?

A

Na+ / Ca2+ antiporter

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18
Q

During muscular work follwoing precesses require ATP:

A

The function of contraction units and the removal of calcium from the space intrmyoplasmatischen

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19
Q

ATP is required during muscle activity …

A

Both for muscle contraction, and for the relaxation of

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20
Q

The energy reserve for the short, intense muscle work is

A

creatine phosphate

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21
Q

Case of high load, the energy supply to the muscle, especially by one of the process listed below will be saved:

A

anaerobic glycolysis

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22
Q

The energy reserve for the long-lasting muscle work is

A

glucose

23
Q

It is characteristic for the contraction of skeletal muscle:

A

asynchronous activities ( asynchronous ‘impulse’) of cross bridges

24
Q

It is the characteristic of the red muscle fibres:

A

oxidative metabolism

25
Q

It is characteristic of the white muscle fibres:

A

ATPase type: fast

26
Q

What is an isotonic muscle contraction?

A

muscle shortening at constant tension of the muscle fibres

27
Q

What is an isometric muscle contraction?

A

no muscle shortening with increasing voltage to the muscle fibres

28
Q

What are the mixed contraction of the muscle fibres?

A

auxotonische contraction, support contraction, contraction stop

29
Q

We speak of spatial summation, if

A

the increase in muscle contraction as a result of the added contractions of several muscle fibres comes about.

30
Q

What is the cause of the ‘stairs’ phenomenon?

A

The result of the repeated stimuli to enhancing effectiveness of the ion channels

31
Q

When producing the red, slow and tonic muscles the most heat?

A

during the active contraction

32
Q

For the heat production of the fast glycolytic muscle fibres, it is characteristic:

A

the initial heat is much greater than the recovery of the heart

33
Q

Signs of muscle fatigue

A

is the amplitude reduction of the shortening and extending the shortening duration

34
Q

The reason for the central muscle fatigue can be:

A

the exhaustion of the motor unit: B

35
Q

What characterises muscular atrophy?

A

because of extended inactivity are the catabolic processes in the myofibrils faster than the Anabolic

36
Q

What causes directly caused the action potential at Myolemm in myoneural Synapse?

A

By the local end plate potential (EPP), which activates voltage-gated sodium channels

37
Q

Characteristic effects of Kurariformen drug is:

A

Competitive inhibition of the ACh receptor, Na+ channels do not open, no contraction

38
Q

Which of the substance listed below may inhibit the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor competitively?

A

Curare

39
Q

Which physical porperty of the resultant in the myoneural Synapses local stream (EPP) contains information relating to the freuqancey of neuronal action potentail ?

A

Amplitude

40
Q

How is the acetylcholine at the synapse myoneural removed from the synaptic cleft?

A

First by enzymatic degradation, then resumption of the resulting choline

41
Q

Which of the ions below inhibits the binding of acetylcholine on Myolemm?

A

Mg 2+

42
Q

For the small motor unit, it is characteristic:

A

Short muscle fibres

43
Q

Innervate the Efferentien of gamma motomeurons

A

the intrafusal fibres

44
Q

What receptors are found in the intrafusal muscle?

A

Kernsack - and core chain receptors

45
Q

Which nerve fibres play a role in preventing the muscle over-stretching ?

A

The Ib fibres of the Golgi bodies

46
Q

The most important role of Fusimotor system

A

The ‘adjustment’ of the muscle spindle, maintaining continuous low voltage, fine adjustment of muscle tone

47
Q

The role of Kaldesmon in the contraction of the smooth muscles

A

binding of calmodulin in the presence of Ca2+ and distance from Tropomypsin from the actin binding sites

48
Q

Which enzyme stimulates relaxation of the smooth muscle?

A

MP (myosin phosphate)

49
Q

Main characteristics of the contraction of smooth muscle:

A

long-lasting, tonic contraction: low ATPase ctivity: slow saturation of the myosin heads

50
Q

Which of the phenomena listed below is characteristic only of the smooth muscle?

A

myogenic response

51
Q

The main source of calcium during contraction of the smooth muscles

A

the extracellular space

52
Q

Which statement of the below is true for the ‘multi-unit’ type smooth muscles?

A

It contains muscarinic acetylcholine and alpha-1 receptors

53
Q

It is characteristic of the myogenic response of the ‘single-unit’ muscle that

A

due to the muscle stretch open the cation channels in the plasma membrane and thus the depolarisation is initiated

Physiology (8 decks)

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