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Physiology > Multiple questions > Flashcards

Multiple questions Flashcards

1
Q

The tricuspid valve is located between

A

The right atrium and the right ventricle

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2
Q

The mitral valve is located between

A

the left atrium and the left ventricle

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3
Q

A semilunar valve lies between

A

the left atrium and the left ventricle

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4
Q

Which of the lower findings is correct?

A

It comes at the beginning of systole first to a slightly spirally twisted shape change of heart

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5
Q

The heart

A

has the fundamental characteristics that it responds to increasing stress with increased contractility

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6
Q

Which of the following structures is better developed in the cardiac muscle than in skeletal muscles ?

A

collagen fibers

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7
Q

The contractile component of the heart ( CC)

A

Is a striated muscle-like, based on actinomyosin filament system, contraction locking unit

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8
Q

The series-elastic component of the heart ( SEC)

A

is a fibre system that relaxes during diastole and during systole is contracted

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9
Q

The parallel arranged elastic component of the heart (PEC)

A

is contracted during diastole, stores energy that helps during the next systole in the contraction

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10
Q

The collagen fibre system of the heart

A

prevents the overstretch

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11
Q

In an isometric contraction:

A

increases the tone in the muscle fibres, but their length remains uncharged

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12
Q

In an isotonic contraction:

A

at a constant tone, the cardiac muscle fibres shorten

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13
Q

In an auxotonic contraction

A

at en ever-increasing tone the muscle fibres shorten

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14
Q

At the maximum filing of the heart

A

the collagen fibres stretch and suddenly they make a maximum resistance

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15
Q

The passive voltage curve of the heart muscle decreases steeper than that of striated muscle at a certain distance. The reason for that is:

A

are present in the heart of collagen fibres

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16
Q

The first phase of support contraction (‘preload’):

A

the isometric contraction

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17
Q

The first phase of the attack contraction (‘afterload’) is:

A

the isotonic contraction

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18
Q

Which substance is the parasympathetic Co-transmitter in the sinus node?

A

NPY

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19
Q

At the cellular level whereby the effect can be explained by the vagus nerve on the heart ?

A

The activation of muscarinic - ACh receptors

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20
Q

Where in the heart, the conduction is slowest?

A

the atrioventicular node

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21
Q

What does the species conduction from subendocardialen type ?

A

Cat

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22
Q

Which of the below mentioned species the conduction runs subepicardial:

A

horse

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23
Q

It is characteristic of the calcium- dependent calcium channels in the heart muscle that

A

they increase during the electromechanical coupling the outflow of Ca2+ from the SR

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24
Q

Which of the below mentioned proteins has the ability to perceive stress ?

A

L-type ( DHP-sensitive) calcium channel

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25
Q

Which statement is correct?

A

The picture of the electrical activity of the entire hear we get when we add the ElectroAtrioGram the ElectrVenticularGram together

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26
Q

What is the correct order of ECG waves in a cardiac cycle?

A

C: P,Q,R,S,T

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27
Q

Which statement is true for the P-wave of the ECG?

A

it is wave of atrial depolarisation

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28
Q

The Vorhofrepolarisation lies between the

A

Q and R waves of the ECG

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29
Q

Which statement is true for the T-wave of the ECG?

A

The repolarisation of the chamber starts in epicardium and continues toward endocardium. This gives the horse a decisive downward T wave

30
Q

The Vecto cardiography:

A

are mainly information on the function and anatomic location of the heart

31
Q

Which phase of the cardiac cycle is the shortest?

A

isovolumetric contraction

32
Q

Which statement is correct for the cardiac cycle?

A

They systole and diastole of the atria and the chambers separated in time from each other, not quite: The systole of the atria occurs simultaneously with the diastole of the chambers

33
Q

The diastole the chamber runs:

A

between sections I and II. the cardiac cycle

34
Q

The protodiastole can

A

are perceived before isovolumetric relaxation

35
Q

The reason for the incision to the pulse waveform of the aorta is:

A

the closure of the semilunar valve

36
Q

During the cardiac cycle include the cuspidalen valves in the following order ( starting with the ventricular systole)

A

Mitral valve closes, the tricuspid valve closes, the tricuspid valve opens, the mitral valve opens

37
Q

What causes the second heart sound?

A

by closure of the semilunar valve at the beginning of systole

38
Q

The diagram shows Rushmer

A

the proportion of the active and passive components of the external cardiac work on

39
Q

The overall work of the heart can be determined as follows:

A

D: Wg= O2 consumption x O2 energy equivalence

40
Q

Which parameters is to determine the cardiac output necessary?

A

O2 consumption

41
Q

The pathological increase of the volume of the ventricle decreases the effectiveness of the heart because

A

The larger chamber radius much greater wall tension is needed to the same pressure in the chamber to achieve

42
Q

Which parameters of heart work can be neglected at rest ?

A

Kinetic work

43
Q

The power of the hear

A

D: is the minute volume is equal, if we consider the mean arterial pressure as a constant

44
Q

In the heart of tissue can be differentiated from the electrophysiological point of view mainly three excitable:

A

Working muscle, pacemaker fibres, thrill conductive fibres

45
Q

For the working muscle fibres of the heart, it is characteristic:

A

The action potential in the working muscle fibres has a long plateau phase

46
Q

Which of the factors listed below break away during the development of the action potential in cardiac muscle cells from the shortening of the plateau phase?

A

Potassium efflux

47
Q

What phase of the action potential is due to the slow influx of calcium into existence in the cell?

A

The plateau phases of the action potential

48
Q

Which route of the action potential in cardiac muscle we call absolute refractory period?

A

The distance between threshold potential and the end of the plateau phase

49
Q

By what stretch of Aktionospontentials in the heart muscle may arise fibrillation?

A

super normal phase

50
Q

The value of the excess (overshoot) in the pacemaker calls

A

+15 mV

51
Q

The centre of normotepen impulse formation in the heart is:

A

In sinuatrial node

52
Q

Which ion channels are responsible for the spontaneous diastolic depolarization?

A

Type I and Type-T calcium channels

53
Q

The voltage of a stimulated cardiac muscle fibre decreases as we expand beyond their maximum length, because

A

Calcium is unable so strong contraction as Lmax trigger

54
Q

For the elongation of the heart muscle, it is characteristic in that:

A

thereby increases the number of active cross-bridges

55
Q

The working heart muscle fibres reach their maximum voltage at a sarcomere length of :

A

1.9-2.6 micrometers

56
Q

The end-systolic volume is equal to:

A

stroke volume minus end- diastolic volume

57
Q

Which of the following statements is correct?

A

SV= EDV-ESV

58
Q

The Frank-Starling experiment demonstrates

A

The mechanical adaptability of the heart to the increased load

59
Q

Which of the parameters listed below changes when we make the starling cardiopulmonary preparation higher the reservoir bottle?

A

heart rate

60
Q

Which of the parameters listed below increases the first, if we increase the peripheral resistance of Starling cardiopulmonary preparation?

A

ESV

61
Q

Where the physiological significance of the Frank Starling Law comes into play?

A

In connection with the charge in the venous returns when changing the posture

62
Q

What is the compliance?

A

The charge in volume of the heart as a result of the pressure change per unit

63
Q

Which parameters determine the end-diastolic volume during a cardiac cycle?

A

compliance of the chamber, the chamber preload, diastolic filing time

64
Q

Why is the heart function in older animals a shifted leftward compliance curve characteristic?

A

Direct large venous pressure can not cause the same computer, as in young animals

65
Q

What factors determine the end-systolic volume (ESV) in a cardiac cycle?

A

contractility, aortic

66
Q

What factors determine the heart rate (FR) in a cardiac cycle?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic effects

67
Q

The contractility of the heart depends most of:

A

sympathetic effect from

68
Q

When changing metabolic rate changes in the heart muscle…

A

Sm, and also the Vmax

69
Q

Which of the below parameters can be calculated using the Fick principle?

A

Minute volume

70
Q

According to Fick’s principle

A

PTF = (total O2 consumption) / arteriovenous O2 difference

Physiology (8 decks)

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