Multiple questions Flashcards
The tricuspid valve is located between
The right atrium and the right ventricle
The mitral valve is located between
the left atrium and the left ventricle
A semilunar valve lies between
the left atrium and the left ventricle
Which of the lower findings is correct?
It comes at the beginning of systole first to a slightly spirally twisted shape change of heart
The heart
has the fundamental characteristics that it responds to increasing stress with increased contractility
Which of the following structures is better developed in the cardiac muscle than in skeletal muscles ?
collagen fibers
The contractile component of the heart ( CC)
Is a striated muscle-like, based on actinomyosin filament system, contraction locking unit
The series-elastic component of the heart ( SEC)
is a fibre system that relaxes during diastole and during systole is contracted
The parallel arranged elastic component of the heart (PEC)
is contracted during diastole, stores energy that helps during the next systole in the contraction
The collagen fibre system of the heart
prevents the overstretch
In an isometric contraction:
increases the tone in the muscle fibres, but their length remains uncharged
In an isotonic contraction:
at a constant tone, the cardiac muscle fibres shorten
In an auxotonic contraction
at en ever-increasing tone the muscle fibres shorten
At the maximum filing of the heart
the collagen fibres stretch and suddenly they make a maximum resistance
The passive voltage curve of the heart muscle decreases steeper than that of striated muscle at a certain distance. The reason for that is:
are present in the heart of collagen fibres
The first phase of support contraction (‘preload’):
the isometric contraction
The first phase of the attack contraction (‘afterload’) is:
the isotonic contraction
Which substance is the parasympathetic Co-transmitter in the sinus node?
NPY
At the cellular level whereby the effect can be explained by the vagus nerve on the heart ?
The activation of muscarinic - ACh receptors
Where in the heart, the conduction is slowest?
the atrioventicular node
What does the species conduction from subendocardialen type ?
Cat
Which of the below mentioned species the conduction runs subepicardial:
horse
It is characteristic of the calcium- dependent calcium channels in the heart muscle that
they increase during the electromechanical coupling the outflow of Ca2+ from the SR
Which of the below mentioned proteins has the ability to perceive stress ?
L-type ( DHP-sensitive) calcium channel
Which statement is correct?
The picture of the electrical activity of the entire hear we get when we add the ElectroAtrioGram the ElectrVenticularGram together
What is the correct order of ECG waves in a cardiac cycle?
C: P,Q,R,S,T
Which statement is true for the P-wave of the ECG?
it is wave of atrial depolarisation
The Vorhofrepolarisation lies between the
Q and R waves of the ECG
Which statement is true for the T-wave of the ECG?
The repolarisation of the chamber starts in epicardium and continues toward endocardium. This gives the horse a decisive downward T wave
The Vecto cardiography:
are mainly information on the function and anatomic location of the heart
Which phase of the cardiac cycle is the shortest?
isovolumetric contraction
Which statement is correct for the cardiac cycle?
They systole and diastole of the atria and the chambers separated in time from each other, not quite: The systole of the atria occurs simultaneously with the diastole of the chambers
The diastole the chamber runs:
between sections I and II. the cardiac cycle
The protodiastole can
are perceived before isovolumetric relaxation
The reason for the incision to the pulse waveform of the aorta is:
the closure of the semilunar valve
During the cardiac cycle include the cuspidalen valves in the following order ( starting with the ventricular systole)
Mitral valve closes, the tricuspid valve closes, the tricuspid valve opens, the mitral valve opens
What causes the second heart sound?
by closure of the semilunar valve at the beginning of systole
The diagram shows Rushmer
the proportion of the active and passive components of the external cardiac work on
The overall work of the heart can be determined as follows:
D: Wg= O2 consumption x O2 energy equivalence
Which parameters is to determine the cardiac output necessary?
O2 consumption
The pathological increase of the volume of the ventricle decreases the effectiveness of the heart because
The larger chamber radius much greater wall tension is needed to the same pressure in the chamber to achieve
Which parameters of heart work can be neglected at rest ?
Kinetic work
The power of the hear
D: is the minute volume is equal, if we consider the mean arterial pressure as a constant
In the heart of tissue can be differentiated from the electrophysiological point of view mainly three excitable:
Working muscle, pacemaker fibres, thrill conductive fibres
For the working muscle fibres of the heart, it is characteristic:
The action potential in the working muscle fibres has a long plateau phase
Which of the factors listed below break away during the development of the action potential in cardiac muscle cells from the shortening of the plateau phase?
Potassium efflux
What phase of the action potential is due to the slow influx of calcium into existence in the cell?
The plateau phases of the action potential
Which route of the action potential in cardiac muscle we call absolute refractory period?
The distance between threshold potential and the end of the plateau phase
By what stretch of Aktionospontentials in the heart muscle may arise fibrillation?
super normal phase
The value of the excess (overshoot) in the pacemaker calls
+15 mV
The centre of normotepen impulse formation in the heart is:
In sinuatrial node
Which ion channels are responsible for the spontaneous diastolic depolarization?
Type I and Type-T calcium channels
The voltage of a stimulated cardiac muscle fibre decreases as we expand beyond their maximum length, because
Calcium is unable so strong contraction as Lmax trigger
For the elongation of the heart muscle, it is characteristic in that:
thereby increases the number of active cross-bridges
The working heart muscle fibres reach their maximum voltage at a sarcomere length of :
1.9-2.6 micrometers
The end-systolic volume is equal to:
stroke volume minus end- diastolic volume
Which of the following statements is correct?
SV= EDV-ESV
The Frank-Starling experiment demonstrates
The mechanical adaptability of the heart to the increased load
Which of the parameters listed below changes when we make the starling cardiopulmonary preparation higher the reservoir bottle?
heart rate
Which of the parameters listed below increases the first, if we increase the peripheral resistance of Starling cardiopulmonary preparation?
ESV
Where the physiological significance of the Frank Starling Law comes into play?
In connection with the charge in the venous returns when changing the posture
What is the compliance?
The charge in volume of the heart as a result of the pressure change per unit
Which parameters determine the end-diastolic volume during a cardiac cycle?
compliance of the chamber, the chamber preload, diastolic filing time
Why is the heart function in older animals a shifted leftward compliance curve characteristic?
Direct large venous pressure can not cause the same computer, as in young animals
What factors determine the end-systolic volume (ESV) in a cardiac cycle?
contractility, aortic
What factors determine the heart rate (FR) in a cardiac cycle?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic effects
The contractility of the heart depends most of:
sympathetic effect from
When changing metabolic rate changes in the heart muscle…
Sm, and also the Vmax
Which of the below parameters can be calculated using the Fick principle?
Minute volume
According to Fick’s principle
PTF = (total O2 consumption) / arteriovenous O2 difference
