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Physiology > immunology > Flashcards

immunology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary (central) organs of the immune system?

A

Thymus, bursa of Fabricius (Bursa equivalent organ)

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2
Q

What are the secondary (peripheral) organs of the immune system?

A

Lymph nodes, spleen, MALT, SALT

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3
Q

The humoral factors of ‘natural immunity’ are …

A

complement Lysosim, C-reactive protein, interferon

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4
Q

For the development of natural immunity is characteristic that …

A

It comes in hours

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5
Q

To which operating system include the NK cells?

A

The natural immune system

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6
Q

This term characterises the natural immunity:

A

Prompt response

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7
Q

It is part of the natural immune system:

A

Complement system

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8
Q

The afferent phase of the acquired (adaptive) immunity consists of ..

A

the recognition and presentation of the antigen, antigen and lymphocytes interaction

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9
Q

The central phase of the acquired (adaptive) immunity consists of ..

A

proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes, production of antibodies

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10
Q

Is the conventional route of the complement cascade

A

activated by the antibody-antigen complex.

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11
Q

The alternative pathway of the complement cascade

A

is caused by microorganisms, where B and D are activated complement components

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12
Q

The role of complement factor C3a is …

A

causing inflammation

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13
Q

The way of the complement cascade

A

run the complement component C3, which in turn leads through C3b to the terminal reaction C5-C9, together

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14
Q

In the final phase of Complement Activation cascade

A

causes the C9 membrane drill cytolysis, as a result of the C5-C9 response chain

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15
Q

The forms of specific ( adaptive, acquired) immune response are…

A

Humoral immunity, cellular immunity

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16
Q

During the active immunity…

A

are produced due to an antigen stimulus antibodies and memory cells

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17
Q

While passive immunisation, the animals are..

A

treated with antibodies

18
Q

During the humoral immunity…

A

Protein appear special structures (immunoglobulins) in the serum or on the surface of immune cells (BCR,TCR)

19
Q

The flexible hinge region of the immunoglobulin

A

composed of disulfide bonds between the heavy chains of the constant regions

20
Q

The Fab portion of the immunoglobulin

A

is responsible for the binding of the antigen by the hyper-variable region,

21
Q

The Fe portion of the immunoglobulin

A

is responsible for the effect function (biological activity ) is responsible and is located at the C-terminal of the molecule.

22
Q

The immunoglobulin isotypes (classes) are ..

A

The constant region of the heavy chain determined

23
Q

The IgA immunoglobulin…

A

is a dimer which has a J-component and can bind to a secretory component

24
Q

The primary antibody stock…

A

the inventory of immunoglobulins, which was produced without exposure to an antigen and capable of more than 109 different antigenic determinants can be seen

25
Q

What is the explanation for the diversity of the immunoglobulins?

A

random gene rearrangements (restructuring ) of Ig genes, which affects only a limited numbers of genes

26
Q

In which Ig class of the not yet activated by an antigen B lymphocyte belongs (plasma cell)?

A

IgM because Cu located right next to the variable VDJ gene treks

27
Q

While the primary immune response…

A

the majority of produced immunoglobulins IgM

28
Q

It is characteristic for the secondary immune response that…

A

required to those emergence 2-3 days

29
Q

What is the importance of formation of memory cells?

A

The secondary immune response is faster, less antigen, as during the primary immune response are required to activate the memory, it will be antibodies with higher affinity for the antigen produced.

30
Q

What are the causes of the self-restraint?

A

the antigen is eliminated; the number of participating in the immune response lymphocytes reduced, feedback (feedback)

31
Q

The properties of the MHC-I..

A

MHC-I localise the surface of all nucleated cells, virus infected cells and MHC-I are recoginized by the cytotoxic Tc lymphocytes

32
Q

The properties of MHC-II

A

MHC-II is localised at the surface of all antigen presenting cells (APC), MHC-II and foreign antigen recognised by T-helper lymphocytes

33
Q

The differentiation of ‘self’ and ‘foreign’ is regulated by the following factors:

A

MHC system

34
Q

Be tied to what structures viral antigens usually presented to the T lymphocytes ?

A

MHC-I

35
Q

Which structure is required for the presentation of exogenous protein antigens?

A

MHC-II

36
Q

In the thymus of destroying or inactivating the T lymphocytes

A

Recognise bound to MHC own structure, its own antigen

37
Q

The ‘virgin’ B lymphocytes develop:

A

regardless of the antigen

38
Q

Which cells destroy the virus-infected cells?

A

T- cells zytotixische

39
Q

What structure mediate uptake by antigen during phagocytosis?

A

Fc-gamma receptors

40
Q

For the humor elle immune response is characteristic that

A

is in the primary response of the major portion of the antigen-specific IgM antibodies in the blood

41
Q

What immunoglobulin class constitutes the majority in the secondary immune response ?

A

IgG

Physiology (8 decks)

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