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UofG Medicine Question Bank 2020 > Muscle Origin/Insertion/Nerve/Blood Supply > Flashcards

Muscle Origin/Insertion/Nerve/Blood Supply Flashcards

1
Q

What do extrinsic muscles of the back do?

A

Superficial group: movements of the upper limb.

Intermediate group consists of muscles attached to the ribs and may serve a respiratory function.

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2
Q

What do intrinsic muscles of the back do?

A

Maintain posture and move the vertebral column and head; movements include extension, lateral flexion, and rotation

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3
Q

If there is not much mobility between each vertebra, how does the vertebral column allow for such extensive motion?

A

Movement is additive

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4
Q

How is back musculature divided?

A

Superficial, intermediate and deep

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5
Q

What muscle groups within the back are extrinsic?

A

Superficial and intermediate

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6
Q

What innervation supplies the extrinsic muscles of the back?

A

Anterior rami of spinal nerves

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7
Q

What innervation supplies the intrinsic muscles of the back?

A

Posterior rami of the spinal nerves

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8
Q

What parts of the skeleton do superficial muscles attach?

A

Superior part of appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton

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9
Q

What is the origin of the trapezius muscles?

A

Descending: Superior occipital nuchae and ligamentum nuchae, and spinous process of C1-C7
Transverse: Spinous processes of T1-T4
Ascending: Spinous processes T5-T12

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10
Q

What is the insertion of the trapezius muscles?

A

Descending: Lateral one third of the clavicle
Transverse: medial side of the acromion
Ascending: upper crest of the scapular spine

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11
Q

How many muscle sections make up the trapezoid muscle?

A

6- 2 Descending, 2 transverse, 2 ascending

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12
Q

What motor nerve innervates the trapezius muscles?

A

anterior rami of accessory nerve XI

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13
Q

Where do proprioceptive fibres of the trapezius move through?

A

Move through cervical plexus to C3 and C4 vertebra

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14
Q

Where is blood supply to the trapezius from?

A

Superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery
Acromial branch of the suprascapular artery
Dorsal branches of posterior intercostal arteries.

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15
Q

What movements does the trapezius muscle perform?

A

Assists in rotating the scapula during abduction of humerus above horizontal; upper fibers elevate, middle fibers adduct, and lower fibers depress scapula

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16
Q

What movements does the latissimus dorsi perform?

A

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus

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17
Q

What is the origin of latissimus dorsi?

A

Spinous processes of T7 - L5 and sacrum, iliac crest, ribs 10-12

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18
Q

What is the insertion of latissimus dorsi?

A

Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus

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19
Q

What innervation supplies latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6 to C8)

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20
Q

What is the origin of the Levator Scapula?

A

Transverse process of C1-C4

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21
Q

What is the insertion of the Levator Scapula?

A

Upper portion of medial border of scapula

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22
Q

What nerve(s) innervates the levator scapula?

A

C3-C4 and dorsal scapular nerve

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23
Q

What movements does the levator scapula perform?

A

Elevates scapula

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24
Q

What is the origin of Rhomboid Major?

A

Spinous process of T2-T5

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25
Q

What is the insertion of Rhomboid Major?

A

Medial border of scapula between scapular spine and inferior angle

26
Q

What nerve(s) innervate Rhomboid Major?

A

Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C4, C5)

27
Q

What nerve(s) innervate Rhomboid Minor?

A

Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C4, C5)

28
Q

What is the origin of Rhomboid Minor?

A

Lower portion of ligamentum nuchae and spinour process of C7-T1

29
Q

What is the insertion of Rhomboid Minor?

A

Medial border of scapula at scapular spine

30
Q

What movements does Rhomboid Minor perform?

A

Retracts (adducts) and elevates scapula

31
Q

What movements does Rhomboid Major perform?

A

Retracts (adducts) and elevates scapula

32
Q

What are the most superficial of the intrinsic back muscles?

A

Splenius Muscles

Splenius capitis, and splenius cervicis

33
Q

Where does Splenius Capitis originate?

A

Spinous Processes of C7-T3 and lower half of Nuchal Ligament

34
Q

Where does Splenius Capitis insert?

A

Base of skull- Occipital bone and mastoid process

35
Q

What action do the Splenius Muscles aid in?

A

Bilateral neck extension

Unilateral rotation of head (towards muscle)

36
Q

Where does Splenius Cervicis originate?

A

Spinous processes and bottom of nuchale ligaments (T3-T6)

37
Q

Where does Splenius Cervicis Insert?

A

Transverse processes of C1-C3

38
Q

What nerves supply the splenius muscles?

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

39
Q

What is the name of the intermediate layer of the intrinsic back muscles?

A

Erector spinae muscles

40
Q

What is the common origin of the intermediate intrinsic back muscles?

A

Broad tendon attached to sacrum, spinous processes of the lumbar and lower thoracic, and ileac crest

41
Q

What are the 3 grouping of the intermediate intrinsic back muscles?

A

Iliocostal, Longissimus, and Spinalis

42
Q

What is the insertion of the Iliocostal muscles?

A

Inserts angles of ribs, and transverse processes of cervical spine

43
Q

What is the insertion of the longissimus muscles?

A

Insert at cervical and thoracic transverse processes and mastoid process

44
Q

What is the insertion of the spinalis muscles?

A

Thoracic spinous processes and skull base

45
Q

What are the different muscle sections in the ileocostalis muscle group?

A

Lumbar, thoraces, and cervicis

46
Q

What are the types of muscles found in longissimus muscle group?

A

Thoracis, cervicis, capitis

47
Q

What are the divisions of the spinalis muscle?

A

Thoracis, cervicis, capitis

48
Q

What action does the erector spinae muscles aid in?

A

Extend the spine (straighten back and lean back)
Main muscles that work to extend the spine.
Independent unilateral contraction aids in rotation

49
Q

What muscle groups are found in the deep intrinsic back muscles?

A

Transversospinalis muscles and additional muscles

50
Q

What are the muscle types that make the deep transversospinalis muscles as well as the amount of vertebrae that the muscle types cross?

A

Semispinalis (cross 4-5 vertebrae)
Mutifidis (lower region, crosses 3-4 vertebrae)
Rotatores (deep, pass 1-2 vertebrae to connect transverse with spinous processes)

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51
Q

What movement do the transversospinalis muscles aid in?

A

Rotation of spine primarily and back extension

52
Q

What are the additional intrinsic muscles?

A

Levator costarum, interspinalis and intertransversirii

53
Q

What is the origin and insertion of levator costarum?

A

Transverse process down to posterior aspect of ribs, inferior to vertebra of origin

54
Q

What motion does the levator costarum aid in?

A

Lifting the ribs

55
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the interspinalis muscle?

A

Cross 1 vertebra to connect spinous processes of vertebrae.

56
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the intertransversirii muscles?

A

Cross 1 vertebra to attach the transverse processes of vertebrae.

57
Q

What do the tiny muscle spindles in the intrinsic additional back muscles aid in?

A

Proprioception

58
Q

What are some examples of things that may cause back pain?

A

Muscle spasm, strained muscles, poor posture, ligament injury (sprain), nerve pain (prolapsed disc applying pressure to nerves, sciatica), synovial joint arthritis, kidney stones, pancreatic pain, enlarged lymph nodes, enlarged aortic (i.e. aneurism)

59
Q

Moving from lateral to medial, name the intermediate intrinsic back muscles.

A

Iliocostalis, longisimus, spinalis

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60
Q

What are the intrinsic back muscles, moving from most dorsal to most ventral?

A

Splenius Muscles (splenius cervical/capitate)
Intermediate Erector Muscles (Ileocostalalis, Longissimus, Spinalis)
Deep Transversospinalous Muscles (Semispinalous, Multifidus, Rotatores)
Additional Deep Muscles (Interspinous, Intertransverous, Levator costalis)

61
Q

What muscles are found within the transversospinalis group?

A

Multifidus, Rotatores, and semispinalis

UofG Medicine Question Bank 2020 (42 decks)

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