Exercise

Question 1

What is the calculation for determining mean arterial blood pressure given systolic and diastolic bp?

Answer 1

Pulse Pressure= SBP-DBP

Mean Arterial BP= DBP + 1/3PP

Question 2

Mean blood pressure dictates the pressure in _______ and ________.

Answer 2

Arterioles
Capillary beds
Thus, large increase in MAP will increase probability of spontaneous hemorrhage

Question 3

What changes does exercise have in terms of ECG?

Answer 3

Shortens the P to T time- representing shortened diastole

Amplitude does not change

Question 4

Does filling time with exercise decrease or increase?

Answer 4

Decreases- filling efficiency of the heart increases resulting in decreased time to actually fill

Question 5

What is peripheral resistance related to in terms of vessel type?

Answer 5

Arterioles

Question 6

How does exercise impact blood flow?

Answer 6

Smooth muscles in the arterioles within the skeletal muscle bed in the area being exercised will sense the increase in CO2 and decrease in O2, and as such, will vasodilate to allow more blood in.

Question 7

During a leg workout, what would happen to the blood supply throughout the body?

Answer 7

To legs: increases
To lungs: Increases
To heart: increases 
To brain: remains constant
To kidneys: decreases
To internal organs: decreases
To inactive muscle: decreases

Question 8

What causes the change in blood supply to inactive muscles during exercise?

Answer 8

Sympathetic innervation causing vasoconstriction

Critical muscles overcome this with metabolite concentration

Question 9

How do static vs dynamic exercise impact mean arterial blood pressure?

Answer 9

Static: causes increase in MAP due to muscle contraction
Dynamic: fall in diastolic pressure due to net vasodilation of the arteriole tree in the body, increased systolic pressure- this causes minimal net changes in mean arteriole pressure.

Question 10

What is an example of static exercise?

Answer 10

Weight lifting

Question 11

What is the Bruce protocol?

Answer 11

A cardiovascular stress test

Every 3 minutes, the stress increases either via speed or grade %

Question 12

How do things like cardiac output, HR, and ejection fraction differ at rest vs during exercise for a normal person and a person with coronary disease?

Answer 12

They will look similar at rest, but significantly lower in person with CAD during exercise

Question 13

How does vessel occlusion impact the heart in terms of an ECG reading?

Answer 13

Increased heart rate increases oxygen consumption which cant be met with great oxygen delivery due to ischemia.
The hypoxia causes electrophysical changes observed in the ST segment (elevation/depression)
Occlusion means part of myocardium will be at metabolic deficit which has net electrophysical changes

Question 14

In terms of polarization of the heart, what do the R wave, ST Segment , and T wave represent.

Answer 14

R wave- atrial depolarization
ST- plateau phase
T wave- ventricular repolarization

Question 15

What causes an ST Depression?

Answer 15

Metabolically challenged impacting ability to repolarize correctly

Question 16

What causes an ST elevation?

Answer 16

Metabolically challenged causing premature repolarization

Question 17

What is the typical and atypical placement for electrodes during an ECG?

Answer 17

Typical: 
Lower right arm (white)- negative 
Lower left arm (black)- positive
Lower right limb (earth)
Atypical:
Positive electrode can be place on lower left leg