Muscle OINA

Question 1

serratus posterior superior

Answer 1

O: ligamentum nuchea and SP C7-T3
I: ribs 2-5
N: first 4 thoracic nerves (ventral primary rami)
A: to elevate the first 4 ribs to help increase thoracic volume

Question 2

serratus posterior inferior

Answer 2

O: the SP of T11- L2
I: the inferior 3-4 ribs
N: the last 4 thoracic nerves (ventral primary rami)
A: Depress the last four ribs (present the diaphragm from moving superiorly

Question 3

what are the superficial, intermediate and deep layers of the intrinsic muscles of the back

Answer 3

Superficial: splenius (capitis and cervicis)
Intermediate: Erector spinae (iliocostalis, longissimus and spinalis)
Deep: semispinalis, multifidus and rotatores

Question 4

splenius capitis

Answer 4

in the superficial intrinsic deep back muscle layer

O: ligamentum nuchea and SP C7-T3
I: mastoid process occipital bone
N: dorsal primary rami
A: bilaterally, extend the head and neck. Unilaterally, it will laterally flex and rotate the head ipsilaterally

Question 5

Splenius cervicis

Answer 5

O: the SP T3-T6
I: TP C1-C4
N: dorsal primary rami
A: bilaterally, extend the head and neck. Unilaterally, it will laterally flex and rotate the head ipsilaterally

Question 6

what is the innervation and the role of the muscles in the superficial layer of the intrinsic muscles of the back

Answer 6

dorsal primary rami and the actions are to
Bilaterally: extend the head and neck
Unilaterally: ipsilateral lateral flexion and rotation

Question 7

what two muscles originate on the ligamentum nuchea and C7-T3 SP

Answer 7

the splenius capitis and the serratus posterior superior

Question 8

what is the common origin of the intermediate layer of the intrinsic back muscles

Answer 8

the erector spinae all seem to originate from the iliac crest, the sacrum, the sacroiliac ligament and the inferior lumbar and sacral SP’s

Question 9

common innervation and action of the intermediate intrinsic layer muscles

Answer 9

innervation would be the dorsal primary rami

action:
bilaterally, extend the column
unilaterally: ipsilateral lateral flexion

Question 10

three layers of the intermediate intrinsic layer

Answer 10

the erector spinae have the following layers

• iliocostalis (most lateral)
• longissimus
• spinalis (most medial)

Question 11

describe the locations of the three subunits of the most lateral segment of the intermediate intrinsic layer muscles

Answer 11

so, the erector spinae most lateral is the iliocostalis. The three layers are the lumborum, thoracis and the cervicis.

• the lumborum goes from the iliac crest, and attaches to the inferior 6 ribs
• the thoracis goes from the 6 lower ribs to the 6 upper ribs
• the cervicis goes from the upper 6 ribs to the TP of the lower vert (C4-C6)

Question 12

describe the locations of the three subunits of the middle segment of the intermediate intrinsic layer muscles

Answer 12

the middle layer is the longissimus which has the thoracis, cervicis and capitis

• the thoracis goes from the lower lumbar SP’s and the sacrum and inserts on the lower 9 ribs with their associated TP’s
• the cervicis goes from the TP T1-4/6 and inserts on the TP C2-6
• the capitis goes from lower 4 cervical vertebrate to the mastoid process on the temporal bone

Question 13

what muscles attach on the mastoid process

Answer 13

the splenius capitis and the longissimus capitis

Question 14

Spinalis O and I

Answer 14

O: SP T11-L1
I: SP upper 4-8 Thoracic vertebrate

Question 15

what is another name for the deep intrinsic muscles and why? what are the number of groups and names

Answer 15

the transversospinalis group. they go from the TP to the SP of the vertebrate

semispinalis, multifidus and the rotatores

Question 16

the semispinalis has three groups
-names and OINA

Where is this group most developed

Answer 16

thoracis, cervicis and the capitis (which goes from TP T1-T6 and inserts on the occiput)

N: dorsal primary rami
A: capitis
-bilaterally: extends the head
-unilaterally: ipsilateral head rotation

most developed in the c-spine

Question 17

multifidus
-where (which spinal segments)
-where is it most prominent
OINA

Answer 17

in the deep layer from C2 to S4

most prominent and topical in the lumbar

O: vertebral arches
I: SP (spanning 1-3 spaces)
N: dorsal rami
A: bilaterally: extend the column
unilaterally: ipsilateral lateral flexion and contralateral rotation

Question 18

rotatores
-found
-observable where
OINA and function too

Answer 18

found along the entire length

O: from TP
I: base of the SP to the superior vertebrate
N: dorsal rami
A: contralateral rotation

function: proprioception

Question 19

Muscles of the Sub-occipital region

Answer 19

rectus capitis posterior major
rectus capitis posterior minor
obliquus capitis inferior
obliquus capitis superior

Question 20

Rectus capitis posterior major

Answer 20

O: SP C2
I: occipital bone 
N: suboccipital nerve
A: bilateral head extension
unilateral ipsilateral rotation

Question 21

Rectus capitis posterior minor

Answer 21

O: posterior arch of C1
I: occipital bone
N: suboccipital nerve
A: Bilateral extend the head and unilateral ipsilateral rotation

Question 22

Obliquus Capitis Inferior

Answer 22

O: SP C2
I: TP C1
N: suboccipital nerve
A: rotate head ipsilaterally

Question 23

Obliquus Capitis Superior

Answer 23

O: TP C1
I: occipital bone
N: suboccipital nerve
A: bilaterally extend the head and unilaterally lateral flexion of the head ipsilaterally

Question 24

which of the sub occipital muscles do not attach to the occipital bone

Answer 24

the obliquus capitis inferior

Question 25

Boundaries of the occipital triangle and contents

Answer 25

Superior medial: the rectus capitis posterior major
Superiolateral: obliquus capitis superior
Inferior: obliquus capitis inferior

the vertebral artery and the sub-occipital nerve

Question 26

which direction do the fibers of the external intercostals run. where is it membranous and where is it muscular

Answer 26

they run anteriorly and inferiorly

membranous in the front by the costal cartilages

Question 27

which direction do the fibers of the internal intercostals run. where is it membranous and where is it muscular

Answer 27

they run obliquely at right angles to that of the external intercostal fibers

muscular in the front, membranous in the back

Question 28

which direction do the fibers of the innermost intercostals run. where is it membranous and where is it muscular

Answer 28

they run like the internal however it is muscular in the middle and membranous both anteriorly and posteriorly

Question 29

where do the intercostal arteries and nerves run

Answer 29

between the internal and innermost intercostals

Question 30

subcostal muscles

-run in the same direction as…

Answer 30

run in the same direction as the internal intercostals.

from the internal surface of the rib at the angle to the internal surface of a rib below (2 intercostal spaces)

Question 31

transverse thoracis

Answer 31

from the xiphoid and sternum to span superiorly and laterally to the 2-6 costal cartilages

Question 32

Levatores Costorum

-how many

Answer 32

12
from the TP C7-T11
attach on the ribs

Question 33

what are the intercostal nerves (what kind of rami)

first 11 vs the 12th

Answer 33

ventral primary rami

the first 11 are thoracic spinal nerves, and the 12th is the subcostal nerve

Question 34

each intercostal space is supplied by a large ____ arising from the aorta, and a small _____ from the ____

Answer 34

posterior intercostal artery from the aorta and a small anterior intercostal artery from the internal thoracic artery

Question 35

what does the internal thoracic artery arise from

Answer 35

the subclavian