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Anatomy I Take II > Exam 2 (Week 4 Course Notes) > Flashcards

Exam 2 (Week 4 Course Notes) Flashcards

1
Q

Descible the “slings” that happen in the back

A

the slings are the combination of the lats and the gluteus max. when the Left lat fires, so does the R gluteus max. works in these fascial slings.

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2
Q

what are the muscles of the intermediate layer of the back

A

the serratus posterior superior and the serratus posterior inferior

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3
Q

what supplies the serratus posterior and inferior

A

the ventral primary rami

superior: T2-T5 Ventral primary rami
inferior: T9-T12 ventral primary rami

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4
Q

what are the layers of the deep part of the back muscles

A

superficial group: splenius group
intermediate layer: erector spinae group
deep layer: semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores

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5
Q

what are the three layers of the erector spinae group

A

iliocostalis (most lateral)
longissimus
spinalis (most medial)

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6
Q

what is a good saying to remember the order of the erector spinae muscles

A

I love Standing

the iliocostalis is most lateral, then the longissimus then the spinalis

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7
Q

what nerve supplies the erector spinae group

A

the dorsal primary rami

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8
Q

what are the subdivisions of the groups of the Erector spinae muscles

A
  • the iliocostalis group ha the cervicis, thoracis and the lumborum
  • the longissimus group has the capitis, cervicis and the thoracis.
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9
Q

the spinal cord is continuous with the ___ of the ____

A

medulla oblongata of the brain stem

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10
Q

where are the two enlargements that are associated with a plexus

A

cervical and lumbosacral

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11
Q

where does the spinal cord terminate

A

L1-L2

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12
Q

what is the blunt inferior end of the spinal cord called

A

the conus medullaris

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13
Q

where does the spinal cord attach inferiorly? and what is that distal attachment called

A

to the coccyx, via the filum terminale

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14
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there. what are the regional distributions of them

A 
31
8 cervical
12 thoracic 
5 lumbar 
5 sacral and 
1 coccygeal spinal nerve
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15
Q

describe the exit pattern of spinal nerves

  • C1
  • C1-C7
  • C8
  • T1-S4
  • S5 and Co1
A

C1 exits between the occiput and the atlas
C1-7 exit above the vertebral body for which they are named.
C8 exits below C7
T1 to S4 exit below their proper vertebrate
S5 and Co1 exit via the sacral hiatus

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16
Q

what is the cauna equina

-how far down does it go

A

formation of spinal nerves (still within the canal)

Descends to the termination of the spinal cord

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17
Q

in what is the cauna equina housed

A

in the menengies within the lumbar cistern

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18
Q

what kind of nerves pass through the cauna equina

A

lower lumbar, sacral and coccygeal

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19
Q

what two things make up a spinal nerve

A

the ventral and dorsal root

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20
Q

what kind of information is carried on ventral and dorsal roots. where are their cell bodies found

A

the ventral (anterior root) has motor information. cell bodies in grey matter

the dorsal (posterior root) has the sensory information and the cell bodies are in the ganglion.

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21
Q

Where is the ganglion located

A

in the intervertebral foramen

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22
Q

what happens to the roots. where do they pass

A

they merge to make a spinal nerve which passes through the intervertebral foramen

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23
Q

a spinal nerve splits into…

A

a ventral and dorsal primary rami

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24
Q

where do the ventral primary rami travel, and what kind of information do they have
what do they supply

A

they travel anteriorly with sensory and motor information. they form plexuses.

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25
Q

what are the levels of the 4 plexuses

A

cervical c1-c4
brachial c5-t1
lumbar t12-l5
sacral l4-s5

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26
Q

spinal cords travel along the ribs as

A

intercostal nerves

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27
Q

where do the dorsal primary rami travel, and what kind of information do they have
what do they supply

A

travel to the back to provide the muscles between the angles of the ribs, the skin over the back and other structures of the back

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28
Q

what are the three layers of the menengies and describe each one

A
  1. the dense fibrous dura mater is the outermost layer
  2. the arachnoid mater is next, delicate layer that with the Pia mater make up the subarachnoid space, where projections of the arachnoid mater travel to the Pia mater. filled with CSF
  3. finally the very intimate inner layer the Pia mater. Directly around the spinal cord and continuous with the Pia mater of the brain.
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29
Q

dermatomes and myotomes

A

the area of skin or the mass of muscle innervated by a single spinal nerve

30
Q

c3 dermatome

A

lateral base of neck

31
Q

c4 dermatome

A

over AC joint

32
Q

c5 dermatome

A

lateral aspect of the arm

33
Q

c6 dermatome

A

dorsal aspect of the thumb web space

34
Q

c7 dermatome

A

dorsal aspect of the middle finger

35
Q

c8 dermatome

A

medial border of the fifth metacarpal

36
Q

T1 dermatome

A

medial forearm

37
Q

T2 dermatome

A

medial arm and axilla

38
Q

L1 dermatome

A

inguinal

39
Q

L2 dermatome

A

anterior thigh

40
Q

L3 dermatome

A

medial knee

41
Q

L4 dermatome

A

medial malleolus

42
Q

L5 dermatome

A

distal medial dorsal of the foot

43
Q

S1 dermatome

A

lateral border of the foot

44
Q

S2 dermatome

A

medial/posterior calcaneus

45
Q

C3-4 myotome

A

scapular elevation

46
Q

C5 myotome

A

shoulder abduction

47
Q

C6 myotome

A

elbow flexion and wrist extension

48
Q

C7 myotome

A

elbow extension, wrist flexion and finger extension

49
Q

C8 myotome

A

finger flexion

50
Q

T1 myotome

A

finger abduction and adduction

51
Q

L2-3 myotome

A

hip flexion

52
Q

L3-4 myotome

A

knee extension

53
Q

L4-5 myotome

A

ankle dorsiflexion

54
Q

L5-S1 myotome

A

great toe extension, knee flexion and ankle eversion

55
Q

S1-2 myotome

A

plantarflexion

56
Q

S2-3 myotome

A

toe flexion

57
Q

C5,6,7 muscle stretch reflex

A

C5: biceps brachii
C6: biceps brachia and brachioradialis
C7: Triceps

58
Q

L3-4 and S1-2 muscle reflexes

A

L3-4: quads

S1-2: gastroc-soleus

59
Q

neurodynamics looks at

A

movement and movement dysfunction of the CNS

60
Q

what does neurodynamics rely on

A

the continuous nature of the nervous system

61
Q

what two things do neurodynamic tests test for

A

for the mechanical tolerances and sensitivity to the nervous system

62
Q

true or false: it is normal to experience stretch or discomfort or even paresthesias during neurodynamic testing

A

TRUE

63
Q

what might be evident with a positive neurodynamic test

A
  1. reproduction of familiar symptoms
  2. responses on both sides differ
  3. structural differentiation (trying to figure out if it is a mobility or sensitivity issue)
64
Q

is the vertebral canal longer in flexion or extension and by how much

A

in flexion, by 7-10 cm.

65
Q

how is the spinal cord neurodynamically sufficient

A

it can stretch and elongate and also relax to changes in tension and position. the neural contents can slide within he canal

66
Q

can the spinal nerves slide in the canal

A

yes

67
Q

which part of the spinal cord is more folded and twisted

A

the posterior part

68
Q

is the posterior part of the spinal cord closer or further away from the instantaneous axis or rotation

A

further away

69
Q

does the anterior or posterior part of the spinal cord have more inbuilt slack to accommodate spinal flexion. what makes this so

A

the posterior part

the dura mater and its elastin content

70
Q

does the anterior or posterior part of the dura mater have more elastin content

A

posterior (has about 14%) whereas the anterior has about 7

71
Q

what happens to the spinal cord during spinal extension

A

shortens the cord. and folds the spinal cord

Anatomy I Take II (7 decks)

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