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Anatomy I Take II > Exam 3 (weeks 5 and 6) > Flashcards

Exam 3 (weeks 5 and 6) Flashcards

1
Q

Boundaries of the anterior abdominal wall

A

Superior: R/L costal margins and the xiphoid process.
inferior: line in either side between ASIS and pubic symphysis
Lateral: lines from the ASIS up
Posterior: lumbar paravertebral musculature

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2
Q

Subcostal plane

A

Most inferior parts of the costal cartilages (10th costal cartilage) and thru the body of L3

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3
Q

Transtubecular plane

A

lines through iliac tubercles at L5

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4
Q

Transpyloric plane (AKA)

A

“Addison’s Plane”
L1
halfway bettered the sternal notch and the pubic symphysis
through the pyloris and tips of the 9th costal cartilages and border of L1

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5
Q

Names of the 9 quadrants

A 
right and left hypochondriac 
epigastric
right and left lumbar
umbilical 
right and left inguinal 
hypogastric
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6
Q

What two planes divide into 4 quadrants

A

transumbilical plane and the median plane

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7
Q

list the fascia and tissue in order from superficial to deep

A

Skin, Campers fascia (fatty fascia), Scarpa’s Fascia (membrenous), EO, IO, TA, Transversalis Fascia (endo-abdominal fascia), extraperitoneal fascia, parietal fascia

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8
Q

what is scarps fascia continuous with

A

the fascia lata of the thigh

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9
Q

External Oblique OINA and the fibers run…

A

fibers run medially and inferiorly

O: external surface ribs 5-12
I: linea alba, pubic crest, iliac crest, pubic symphysis
N: inferior 5 t-nerves, subcostal, iliohypogastric
A: flex and rotate the trunk, laterally rotate the trunk and compress the contents

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10
Q

Internal Oblique OINA and the fibers run…

A

fibers run superiorly and inferiorly

O: thoracolumbar fascia, anterior iliac crest and lateral 1/2 of the inguinal ligament
I: linea alba, pubic crest, inferior surface of ribs T10-12
N: inferior 5 t-nerves, subcostal, iliohypogastric
A: flex and rotate the trunk, laterally rotate the trunk and compress the contents

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11
Q

Transversus Abdominus OINA and the fibers run

A

fibers run horizontally and medially to the midline

O: thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral 1/3 inguinal ligament, internal surfaces of costal cartilages 7-12
I: linea alba, pubic crest and pubic symphysis
N: inferior 5 t-nerves, subcostal, iliohypogastric
A: compress and support the abdominal viscera (and the IST complex)

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12
Q

Rectus abdominus OINA

-is the O+I superior or inferior

A

the origin is inferior, insertion is superior

O: pubic symphysis and crest
I: xiphoid process and costal cartilages 5-7
N: inferior 5 t-nerves, subcostal, iliohypogastric
A: flex the trunk and tense the abdominal wall

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13
Q

Does the EO or the IO rotate contralaterally or ipsilaterally

A

The EO rotates contralaterally and the IO rotates ipsilaterally

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14
Q

what gives you a six pack

A

the tendinous interdigitations of the RA

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15
Q

what supplies most of the anterior abdominal wall (blood)

A

superior epigastric artery

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16
Q

what is the posterior rectus sheath. what lives here

A

runs behind, posteriorly to the RA. this is where the superior epigastric artery lives

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17
Q

what happens at the arcuate line

A

all 3 aponeurosis are anterior to the Ra

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18
Q

the arcuate line is at the level of…

A

umbilicus

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19
Q

Above vs below the arcuate line

A

Above:
Anteriorly, all aponeurosis of the EO and 1/2 aponeurosis IO
Posteriorly, 1/2 aponeurosis of the IO and all the TA aponeurosis

Below:
Anteriorly, all three layers of the aponeurosis
posteriorly, thin fascia remains which prevents the RA from rubbing against the abdominal contents

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20
Q

linea alba

A

where the posterior and anterior walls meet and fuse

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21
Q

what is one of the functions of the abdominal wall

A

stability of the spine

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22
Q

Describe the abdominal and lateral raphe complex

A

the abdominal muscles contract and pull on the lateral raphe (because they are attached here). this pulls the multifidus and the erector spinae and will compress the compartment, which will have an amplifying effect on the compression

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23
Q

what is the innervation of the anterior abdominal wall

A

ventral primary rami of the inferior 5 t-nerves (T6-T11)
subcostal (T12)
iliohypogastric (L1)
ilioinguinal (L1)

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24
Q

What are these landmarks
T10
T7
L1

A

T10: umbilical
T7: xiphoid
L1: pubic

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25
Q

thoracoabdominal nerve

A

T7-T11

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26
Q

other names for the inguinal ligament

A

“Poupart’s Ligament”

“suspender of the abdominal wall”

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27
Q

the superior epigastric comes from the _____ and the inferior epigastric comes from the _____. They enter the rectus sheath ___ to the RA and go to what muscle

A

the superior comes from the internal thoracic artery and the inferior comes from the external iliac artery
the enter the sheath posterior to the RA and go to the RA

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28
Q

When the external iliac artery goes under the ___ it becomes the ____ artery

A

inguinal ligament becomes the femoral artery

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29
Q

the superficial inferior epigastric goes under the ___ from the anterior abdominal wall and is a branch of…

A

inguinal ligament

from the external iliac

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30
Q

the superior circumflex artery is off of the ___ artery. why?

A

this is off of the femoral artery because it arises from the artery underneath the inguinal ligament

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31
Q

what is caput medusae

A

distended and engorged superficial epigastric veins (palm tree sign)

also the thoracoepigastric vein

portal hypertension (the dilated para vertebral veins, which usually bring blood from mom to baby) this usually closes within 1 week of birth

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32
Q

the inguinal canal is formed by folds of…

A

EO aponeurosis

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33
Q

what is the function of the inguinal canal

A

a passageway for contents from the abdominal wall to the leg

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34
Q

the ligament runs from the

A

ASIS to the pubic tubercle

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35
Q

what is the content of the inguinal canal

A

spermatic cord, round ligament of the uterus inguinal nerve and blood and lymph

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36
Q

below the arcuate line on the posterior wall, the posterior sheath disappears and becomes the

A

transversalis fascia

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37
Q

what is the semilunar line

where is it visible

A

the semilunar line is where the muscle becomes aponeurosis. its only in the posterior rectus sheath, when you dissect away the IO and EO

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38
Q

the genitofemoral nerve travels on the

A

spermatic cord

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39
Q

the lacunar ligament is where the inguinal ligaments attaches to the

A

pubic symphysis

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40
Q

the ___ muscle is around the spermatic cord

A

the cremaster

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41
Q

under the inguinal ligament there is the iliopectineal arch. what is under there?

A

a neural packet for the iliopsoas and the femoral nerve

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42
Q

what are some other names for the inguinal triangle

A

Hesselbach’s, or the medial inguinal fossa

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43
Q

what are the boundaries of the inguinal triangle

A

superior lateral margin; inferior epigastric artery and vein
lateral margin; rectus sheath
inferior border: inguinal ligament

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44
Q

whats a good pneumonic to remember the boundaries of the inguinal triangle

A

RIP
Rectus sheath
inferior epigastric arteries and veins
Poupart’s ligament (inguinal)

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45
Q

where do inguinal hernias happen (what happens during this)

A

in the inguinal triangle

pieces of the small intestine from the abdominal wall pop through

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46
Q

direct vs indirect hernias

A

direct (acquired): weakness int he floor of the inguinal canal, men over 40, small intestine loops through and exits the deep and superficial inguinal ring
indirect (congenital): through the natural weakness of the internal inguinal ring. development of vas deferens and descent of testes in utero while it develops. piece of bowel herniates (usually small intestine ends up in the cremaster muscle)

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47
Q

posterior abdominal wall bones

A

the lumbar vertebrate, wings of the ilium and the lower ribs

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48
Q

posterior abdominal wall muscles

A

diaphragm, iliacus, posts major and minor and the QL

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49
Q

the pelvic girdle is comprised of

A

2 os coxae (hip bones- each wth an ilium, ischium and pubis), and the sacrum

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50
Q

where does fusion of the os coxae happen

A

the femur (acetabulum)

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51
Q

where do each os coxae articulate

A

they articulate together at the pubic symphysis and sacrum and they also articulate with the femur.

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52
Q

Ischial Tuberosuity attachment sites

A

the semimembranosis muscle
semitendinosis and the LH biceps femoris .
sacrotuberous ligament
adductor Magnus

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53
Q

the articulate surface of the acetabulum is called the

A

lunate surface

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54
Q

is the acetabulum a complete socket

A

no, it is open inferiorly

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55
Q

the Ala of the sacrum are the “___”

A

“wings”

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56
Q

what attaches to the ASIS

A

the inguinal ligament and the sartorius

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57
Q

what attaches to the ischial spine

A

the sacrospinous ligament

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58
Q

what does the sacrotuberous ligament attach

A

the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity

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59
Q

what does the sacrospinous ligament attach

A

the sacrum with the ischial spine

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60
Q

what attached to the AIIS

A

the rectus femoris

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61
Q

psoas major OINA

A

O: TP bodies and IVD of T12-L5
I: lesser trochanter (with iliacus)
N: Ventral primary rami L2-L4
A: flexion of the thigh, lateral flexion of the trunk and trunk flexion

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62
Q

psoas monir OINA

A

O: bodies of T12-L1 and the disc in between
I: pubic bone
N: vernal primary rami of L1
A: flexion of the pelvis and vertebral column

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63
Q

Iliacus OINA

A

O: iliac fossa
I: lessen trochanter (with the psoas major)
N: femoral nerve (which passes in front of this muscle, and behind the psoas major)
A: flex the thigh

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64
Q

Quadratus Lumborum OINA

A

O: iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament, TP of the lower L-vertebrates
I: rib 12, TP of upper L-vert
N: subcostal and upper L-vert ventral primary rami
A: lateral flexion of the trunk, extension of the vertebral column, elevate the hip and stabilize the 12th rib (really its a stabilizer muscle)

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65
Q

what root does the iliohypogastric come from

A

L1

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66
Q

ilioinguinal

A

L1

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67
Q

genitofemoral

A

L1-2

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68
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

A

L2-3

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69
Q

Femoral nerve

A

L2-4

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70
Q

Obturator nerve

A

L2-4

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71
Q

what is the lumbosacral trunk

A

the ventral primary rami of L4 and L5 join with the sacral plexus (S1-S4)

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72
Q

superior gluteal

A

L4-S1

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73
Q

inferior gluteal

A

L5-S2

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74
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

L4-S3
common perineal (L4-S2)
tibial (L4-S3)

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75
Q

Pudendal nerve

A

S2-S4

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76
Q

Twigs to the Pirifromis

A

S1-S2 (S4)

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77
Q

N to obturator internus

A

also supplies superior gemmelus

L5-S2

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78
Q

N to quadratus femoris

A

also supplies inferior gemmelus

L4-S1

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79
Q

where does the pudendal nerve travel

A

out of the greater sciatic nerve and in through the lesser sciatic nerve

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80
Q

the genitofemoral nerve is what in relation to the psoas

A

on top of, sits superficially to.

81
Q

the descending thoracic aorta becomes the ___ after passing through the diaphragm

A

abdominal aorta

82
Q

the abdominal aorta will split at spinal level ____ and become right and left

A

at L4, right and left common iliac arteries

83
Q

the common iliac artery will divide into

A

the external and internal iliac artery

84
Q

what does the internal iliac artery supply

A

the viscera in the pelvic cavity

85
Q

what happens to the external iliac artery? where does it go? what does it become?

A

it goes under he inguinal ligament to become the femoral artery that supplies the anterior thigh compartment

86
Q

the inferior epigastric artery arises from the ____ before it enters the….
what does it supply

A

from the external iliac before it enters the anterior thigh. supplies the inferior aspect of the abdominal wall

87
Q

what is a triple A

A

an abdominal aorta aneurism. usually happens by the inferior mesenteric artery. This is when the abdominal aorta becomes distended and bursts

88
Q

from what areas of the body does the IVC return blood from

A

the lower extremities, and the abdominal wall and abdominal viscera.

89
Q

where does the IVC arise (from the union of what two vessels)

A

from the common iliac veins at the level of L5

90
Q

the diaphragm separates what two cavities

A

the thoracic and abdominal

91
Q

what is the boomerang portion of the diaphragm called

A

the central tendon (where peripheral muscles attach)

92
Q

what are the 3 peripheral muscle portions

A

the sternal, costal and the lumbar

93
Q

where does the sternal part of the diaphragm extend

A

the xiphoid process to the central tendon

94
Q

where does the costal part extend

A

from the internal surface of the lower 6 ribs and costal cartilage and lateral and medial arcuate lines

95
Q

where does the lumbar part extend

A

from the L-vert in the form of a right and left crus
Right crus- L-vert 1-3 and IVD
Left crus- L-vert 1-2 and IVD

96
Q

looking at the diaphragm from anterior to posterior, what are the openings (from anterior superior to posterior inferior

A

anterior opening is the sternocostal part
the anterior superior opening is the IVC
the middle part is the esophagus
the lower part is the aorta

97
Q

what passes through the sternocostal hiatus

A

the superior epigastric artery (which comes from the internal thoracic artery (and supplies the anterior abdominal wall) and lymph

98
Q

what passes through the Foramen for the IVC

A

the IVC and the Right phrenic nerve

99
Q

what passes through the esophageal opening

A

the esophagus and the vagal trunks

100
Q

what passes through the aortic opening

A

the aorta and the thoracic ducts

101
Q

what is the nerve supply of the diaphragm

A

the phrenic nerve
right: goes long the heart to supply the superior diaphragm
the left: along the left side of the heart and goes through the esophageal opening and supplies the underside of the diaphragm

102
Q

the pelvis is comprised of

A

2 os coxa, the sacrum, coccyx and the pubic symphysis

103
Q

what are the boundaries for the pelvis

A

the superior opening is the inlet, and the inferior opening (enclosed by the diaphragm) is the outlet.
the anterior pelvic wall is the bodies of he public rami and the pubic symphysis
the lateral wall are the hip bones and the obturator interns
and the posterior pelvic wall is the sacrum, coccyx and the SI joint and ligaments

104
Q

what is the greater (_____) pelivs

A

AKA the false pelvis, above the inlet, which is housed within the ilium bones and has the lower abdominal wall

105
Q

what is the lesser (_____) pelvis

A

true pelvis between the inlet and the outlet

106
Q

male vs female pelvis

A

the male pelvis has more of a heart shape inlet and is thicker and heavier. it also have a more narrow arch and the acetabulum is larger. For female, more oval shaped, larger outlet, has a wider arch (child birth)

107
Q

Pelvic floor is formed by the (which has what parts)

A

pelvic diaphragm (levator ani and coccygeus

108
Q

what are the boundaries of the pelvic floor

A

the pubic symphysis anteriorly to the coccyx posteriorly and laterally, the walls of the pelvis

109
Q

what are the components of the levator ani

A

the pubococcygeus, puborectalis and the iliococcygeus

110
Q

the coccygeus is ___ to the sacrospinous ligament

A

deep (superior too?)

111
Q

the piriformis comes from the ___ surface of the sacrum and out of the ____

A

anterior

grater sciatic foramen

112
Q

the fascia over the obturator internus acts as a…

A

sling to keep things in

113
Q

from posterior to anterior, what are the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm

A

you have the piriformis, then the coccygeus, then the iliococcygeus then the pubococcygeus and then the puborectalis.

114
Q

what are the OINA for the levator ani

A

O: body of the pubis, obturator fascia, ischial spine
I: coccyx
N: nerve to levator ani ( S3-4)
A: muscular sling to support abdominopelvic viscera, holds pelvic viscera in place and helps the abdominal cavity compress (during coughing, sneezing and vomiting)

115
Q

Coccygeus OINA

A

O: ischial spine
I: sacrum
N: N to levator ani (S3-4)
A: support pelvic viscera and for part of the pelvic diaphragm

116
Q

list the following in order, from superficial to deep
sacrotuberous
coccygeus
sacrospinous

A

superficial: sacrotuberous
sacrospinous
coccygeus

117
Q

what happens at the perineal body

A

where the criss cross happens

118
Q

what is the anorectal angle

A

usually about 80 degrees. the puborectalis is contracted when at rest, and forms a sling. when you need to poop this muscle relaxes. think squatty potty.

119
Q

what is the difference between rectocele and cystocele

A

rectocele is when the anus and rectum form a pocket for feces to collect and stay
cystocele is when the bladder falls through

120
Q

what is the main blood supply to the pelvic region

A

the internal iliac artery

121
Q

what are the two divisions of the internal iliac artery. what are their components

A 
the anterior and posterior 
anterior:
-obturator artery
-pudendal artery
-inferior gluteal artery (inferior to the piriformis)
posterior:
-superior gluteal artery (superior to piriformis)
-iliolumbar artery 
-lateral sacral artery
122
Q

what does the inferior gluteal artery supply. where does it exit to supply what region

A

the main supplier of blood to the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm. exits through the greater sciatic foramen to supply the gluteal region

123
Q

what bones make up the lower leg

A

femur, tibia, fibula, and patella

124
Q

what are the boundaries of the femoral triangle

A

superior: inguinal ligament (ASIS to pubic symphysis)
lateral: sartorius (the medial side of this muscle)
medial: adductor longus
roof: fascia lata
floor: iliopsoas and pectinous

125
Q

what are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
the femoral nerve
femoral artery, and vein (in the sheath)
profunda femoris artery

126
Q

what does the profound femoris artery give rise to…

what do they supply

A

the lateral and medial femoral circumflex arteries
they wrap and wind around the neck of the femur to supply the neck and the grater and lesser trochanter and the intertrochenteric notch

127
Q

what is the main blood supplier of the thigh

A

the profunda femoris artery

128
Q

what is the main blood supplier of the head and neck of the femur

A

the lateral and medial femoral circumflex artery

129
Q

the femoral nerve is just _____ to the femoral sheath (which houses…?)
it innervates what compartment

A

the femoral nerve is just lateral to the femoral sheath, which houses the femoral artery and vein and lymph. It supplies the anterior thigh compartment

130
Q

what is another name for the adductor canal

A

Hunters canal

131
Q

where does the adductor canal begin and end

A

begins where the sartorius passes over the adductor longus

ends at the adductor hiatus (the opening in the adductor Magnus)

132
Q

what are the contents of the adductor canal

A

the femoral artery and vein (when they leave they become the popliteal artery and vein)
the great saphenous nerve (a branch off the femoral nerve)
also the nerve to the vests medialis

133
Q

what divides the thigh into compartments

A

the intramuscular septa (of the extensions of the deep fascia lata)

134
Q

what supplies the following?

  • anterior compartment
  • medial compartment
  • posterior compartment
A

anterior: femoral nerve
medial; obturator
posterior: sciatic

135
Q

cutaneous innervation supplied by the subcostal nerve

A

lateral aspect of the thigh, anterior to the greater trochanter

136
Q

cutaneous innervation supplied by the iliohypogastric nerve

A

the lateral part supplies to the superior and lateral part of the butt
the anterior branch supplies the skin superior to the pubis

137
Q

cutaneous innervation supplied by the ilioinguinal nerve

A

through the superficial inguinal ring, inferior to the pelvis, also the proximal medial aspect of the thigh

138
Q

cutaneous innervation supplied by the genitofemoral nerve

A

branches extend to the pelvis. innervates the skin of the thigh inferior to the inguinal ligament on the medial aspect

139
Q

cutaneous innervation supplied by the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

A

lateral and anterior portions of the thigh (passes under the lateral aspect of the inguinal ligament, and goes distally from the greater trochanter to the knee)

140
Q

cutaneous innervation supplied by the femoral nerve

A

skin of the anterior and medial thigh

141
Q

cutaneous innervation supplied by the anterior femoral cutaneous nerve

A

from the femoral nerve, runs along the path of the sartorius and innervates the skin of the anterior and medial thigh

142
Q

does the RF attach to the femur

A

no, goes from he AIIS to the quad tendon

143
Q

Rectus femoris OINA

A

O: AIIS and the rim of the acetabulum
I: tibial tuberosity via the patellar lig.
N: femoral
A: flex the thigh and extend the leg

144
Q

vastus Intermedius OINA

A

O: anterior femur
I: tibial tuberosity via the patellar lig.
N: femoral
A: extend the leg

145
Q

Vastus Lateralis OINA

A

O: lateral femur
I: tibial tuberosity via the patellar lig.
N: femoral
A: extend the leg

146
Q

Vastus Medialis OINA

A

O: medial femur and the tendon of adductor Magnus
I: tibial tuberosity via the patellar lig.
N: femoral
A: extend the leg

147
Q

what controls tracking of the patella

A

the VM, which pulls the patella medially

148
Q

sartorius OINA

A

O: ASIS
I: superior end of the medial surface of the tibia (pos anserine)
N: femoral
A: flex and laterally rotate the thigh, weak leg flexor and weak ABD

149
Q

Iliopsoas OINA

A

O: combo of the iliacus (iliac fossa) and the psoas major (TP, bodies and IVD of T12-L5)
I: lesser trochanter
N: femoral
A:

150
Q

pectineus OINA

A

O: pectineal line superior to the rams pubis
I: pectineal line of the femur
N: femoral and obturator
A: flex and adduct the thigh

151
Q

adductor longus OINA

A

O: body of the pubis
I: distal 2/3 linea aspera
N: obturator
A: ADD and flexion of the thigh

152
Q

Adductor Magnus OINA

A

O: tubercle and ramus of the ischium
I: linea aspera and adductor tubercle
N: obturator nerve and tibial portion of the sciatic
A: ADD and flex the thigh, and extend the thigh

153
Q

Adductor Brevis OINA

A

O: inferior ramus of the pubis
I: femur
N: obturator
A: ADD and flex the thigh

154
Q

Gracilis OINA

A

O: inferior ramus of the pubis
I: medial surface of the tibia inferior to the condyle (pos anserine)
N: obturator
A: ADD the thigh and flex the leg

155
Q

how can you tell the difference between the adductor and hamstring part of the adductor Magnus

A

the adductor part has all the holes and the hamstring part is a little more straight (up and down)

156
Q

the perforations in the adductor Magnus are for the passing of..

A

the profunda femoral arteries

157
Q

the adductor hiatus is formed by which two muscles

A

really the adductor and the hamstring part of the adductor Magnus muscle

158
Q

what attaches at the pos anserine? whats another name? how do you remember the order

A

the sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosis (SGT)

also Called the gooses foot

159
Q

the external iliac artery gives off

A

the superior epigastric artery

160
Q

under the inguinal ligament, the external iliac becomes the…
what does it give off

A 
femoral artery 
gives off...
-superficial external iliac arteries 
-deep and superficial external pudendal arteries 
- profunda femoris artery
161
Q

under the adductor hiatus, the femoral artery becomes the…

A

popliteal artery

162
Q

the profunda femoris artery gives off ___ perforating arteries and goes into the ___ artery

A

4

popliteal

163
Q

the femoral artery is first visible when it goes behind the ___ and in front of the ____ (really, its in between these two)

A

behind the psoas major and in front of the iliacus

164
Q

what do the anterior and posterior divisions of the femoral nerve do

A

the anterior division is cutaneous innervation of the anterior and medial thigh
the posterior division is the nerve to innervate the muscles of the anterior thigh

165
Q

the obturator nerve supplies what compartment and travels through what muscle

A

the medial

through the obturator externus

166
Q

what parts of the adductors are supplied by the posterior and anterior branches of the obturator nerve

A

the posterior branches supply the Magnus, and the anterior branches supply the braves and longus

167
Q

what are the boundaries of the gluteal region

A

superior: crest of the ilium
medial: sacrum and coccyx
inferior; sacrotuberous ligament and ischial tuberosity
laterally: greater trochanter

168
Q

where does the cutaneous innervation of the gluteal region come from

A

the superior cluneals (dorsal primary rami first 3L N)
the middle cluneals (DPR first 3 sacral N)
the inferior cluneals (from the posterior femoral cutaneous)
branches of the subcostal (T12), iliohypogastric (L1) and the lateral femoral cutaneous (L2-3)

169
Q

where does the sacrotuberous ligament go

A

from the PIIS, sacrum and coccyx to the ischial tuberosity

170
Q

where does the sacrospinous ligament go

A

from the sacrum and coccyx to the ischial spine

171
Q

which is more anterior to the other

A

the sacrospinous is more anterior to the sacrotuberous

172
Q

the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments make the.

A

greater and lesser foramina

173
Q

Gluteus Maximus OINA

A

O: ilium (posterior to the gluteal line), sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament, and the coccyx
I: gluteal tuberosity and the ITB
N: inferior gluteal
A: extend thigh (run and climb), sit to stand and laterally rotate the hip

174
Q

Piriformis OINA

A

O: pelvic surface of the sacrum
I: greater trochanter
N: N. to piriformis (s1-2)
A: laterally rotate and extend the thigh

175
Q

Gluteus Medius OINA

A

O: ilium between the iliac crest and superior gluteal line
I: greater trochanter
N: SUPERIOR GLUTEAL
A: ABD and medially rotate

176
Q

Obturator Internus OINA:

A

O: obturator membrane
I: greater trochanter
N: n. to obturator internus
A: laterally rotate and extend the thigh

177
Q

why are the obturators external rotators

A

because they attach posteriorly to the trochanter

178
Q

superior gemellus OINA

A

O: ischial spine
I: greater trochanter
N: N t obturator internus
A: laterally rotate and extend thigh

179
Q

inferior gemellus OINA

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: greater trochanter
N: N to quadratus femoris
A: laterally rotate and extend thigh

180
Q

quadrates femoris OINA

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: intertrochenteric crest
N: N to quad femoris
A: laterally rotate and extend thigh

181
Q

Gluteus Minimus OINA

A

O: ilium between superior and inferior gluteal lines
I: greater trochanter
N: superior gluteal nerve
ABD and medially rotate thigh

182
Q

Obturator Externus OINA:

A

O: obturator membrane
I: trochenteric fossa
N: obturator N
A: ADD and laterally rotate thigh

183
Q

TFL OINA

A

O: iliac crest
I: ITB
N: superior gluteal
A: ABD and flex the thigh

184
Q

a trendelenburg tests what muscles

A

the gluteus medius

185
Q

when you stand on one leg the gluteus medius contracts to…

A

ABD the hip and keep you level

186
Q

if you have a weak gluteus medius, you have a hip drop on which side

A

the contralateral side

187
Q

how might a compensated trendelenburg look

A

bring the trunk over the hip /leg

188
Q

what is the purpose of the TFL and ITB

A

to support the lateral hip and knee

189
Q

what causes snapping hip syndrome

A

the ITB rubbing over the greater trochanter

190
Q

the superior gluteal nerves and vessels pass ___ to the piriformis. has branches to what

A

superiorly

to the gluteus max, and passes between the med and min to get to the TFL

191
Q

the inferior gluteal nerves and vessels pass ___ to the piriformis. has branches to what

A

inferiorly

the deep surface of the gluteus Maximus

192
Q

the sciatic nerve passes through the ____ foramen, ___ to the piriformis

A

greater sciatic foramen

inferior

193
Q

the sciatic nerve descends ___ to the obturator internus, gemelli, and QF

A

posteriorly

194
Q

the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve passes __ to the sciatic nerve

A

medially

195
Q

what are the two portions of the sciatic nerve

A

the common fibular (peroneal) and the tibial

196
Q

sciatic alternatives

A

87% normal (under the piriformis)
12% (thru the piriformis, (the common peroneal component)
.5% over the piriformis (common peroneal) and the tibial inferior to the piriformis

197
Q

the pudendal nerve exits what foramen and enter what. How does it pass in relation to the QF, obturator internus and gemelli

A

exits the greater sciatic, enters the lesser sciatic,. passes just anteriorly to the QF (deep to the obturator internus and gemelli)

198
Q

the superficial and deep branches of the superior gluteal artery and vein

A

(above piriformis)

superficial: top half of the gluteal max
deep: between the medius and minimus

199
Q

the medial femoral circumflex artery passes ___ to the head of the femur, and the lateral femoral circumflex artery passes ___ to the head

A

medial (posterior)

lateral (anterior)

Anatomy I Take II (7 decks)

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