Muscle & Nerve Disease Flashcards
What are the symptoms associated with muscle disease?
Weakness of muscle Breathing problems Poor swallowing Cardiomyopathy Cramp Pain, stiffness
What are the signs of muscle disease?
Wasting/ weakness
Reduced reflexes and tone
Motor weakness NOT sensory
What investigations associated with muscle disease would you carry out?
CK
EMG
Muscle Biopsy
What are some of the congenital/ genetic classes of muscle disease?
Muscular dystrophies
Congenital myopathies
Channelopathies
Enzyme
What are some of the acquired causes of muscle disease?
Metabolic (low Ca, K)
Endocrine
Inflammatory muscle disease
Iatrogenic
What is the mutation observed in Duchennes muscular dystrophy?
Dystrophin protein
What are the different types of dystrophies?
Duchennes
Beckers
Myotonic dystrophy
Limb-Girdle
What channels do channel-patties affect
Ca, K, Na, Cl
In metabolic muscle disease, what are the different types?
Exercise induced
Fixed weakness
What are the causes of metabolic muscle disease?
Disorders of CHO/ FA metabolism
Mitochondrial myopathies
What is inflammation of the muscle called?
Polymyositis
What signalling molecule observed at the NMJ?
Ach
What is the clinical presentation of myasthenia gravis?
Fatiguable weakness Limbs Eyelids Muscles of mastication Swallow Talking SOB diplopia
What investigations are useful in MG?
AChR ab
Anti MuSK ab
Neurophysiology
What is the management for MG?
Anticholinesterase
Immunosuppression
Prednisolone
What fibres are present in a peripheral nerve?
Sensory afferent (small fibres - pain & temp, large fibres - touch, pressure, vib)
Motor efferent
Autonomic axons
What general symptoms are observed in peripheral neuropathy?
Motor
Sensory
(Moves from distal to proximal)
What are some of the causes of generalised peripheral neuropathy?
Diabetes Alcohol VitB12 déficiency Drugs Lyme disease HIV Guillain Barre syndrome
What symptoms will be observed in nerve rot disease?
Myotomal wasting & weakness
Reflex change
Dermatomal sensory change
What symptoms are observed in disease of individual nerve?
Wasting & weakness of innervated muscle
What are some of the investigations used for nerve disease?
Blood tests
Nerve conduction studies
Lumbar puncture
Nerve biopsy
What is another name for Motor Neuron disease?
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
What are some characteristic of the symptoms of MND?
Combination of UMN & LMN signs
Sensation spared
No sphincter involvement
What UMN lesions are observed in MND?
Increased tone
Brisk reflexes
What LMN lesions are observed in MND?
Wasting
Fasciculations
Weakness
What supportive treatment can be given in MND?
SALT Physio OT PED feed Non-invasive ventilation
