Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neurology > Diseases of spinal cord > Flashcards

Diseases of spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

What are disorders of the spinal cord called?

A

Myelopathies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are diseases of the nerve root called?

A

Radiculopathies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Diseases of the UMN are called _____

A

Myelopathies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diseases if LMNs are called _____

A

Radiculopathies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the signs of UMN lesion?

A

Weakness
Increased tone (spasticity)
Increased reflex
Positive Babinski reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are signs of LMN lesions?

A

Weakness
Decreased reflexes
Decreased tone
Flexor plantar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What syndrome is associated with Hemicord lesion?

A

Brown - Sequard syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What sensory loss will be observed with radiculopathy?

A

Dermatomal sensory loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If there is C5 lesion, what symptoms will be observed?

A

Wasting of muscles innervating C5

UMN lesion symptoms will be observed in the lower limbs.
Brisk reflexes
Increased tone (spasticity)
Sensory level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some of the acquired causes of myelopathy?

A

Inflammation
Infective
Vascular
Metabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In ischaemic myelopathy, where is the infract commonly observed?

A

Anterior spinal artery

Thoracic spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some of the causes of spinal cord ischaemia?

A 
Artheromatous disease
Thromboembolic disease
Arterial dissection 
Systemic hypotension 
Vascultis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What ares of the s & s’s of spinal cord stroke?

A

Pain in back, radiating
Weakness - paraparesis
Numbness
Urinary symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What treatment can be administered in cases of spinal cord stroke?

A

Reduce vascular risk factors:
Maintain BP
Antiplatelet therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is demyelinating myelitis usually caused by?

A

Multiple sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What area of the spinal cord does MS affect?

A

White matter tracts in spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What eye related condition is associated with MS?

A

Optic neuritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What treatment can be given in MS myelitis?

A

Steroids

Supportive therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a metabolic cause of myelitis?

A

Vit B12 deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is VitB12 absorbed from the gut?

A

By intrinsic factor complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is pernicious anaemia?

A

Autoimmune condition whereby ABs are produced against Intrinsic factor preventing B12 absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How can VitB12 deficiency affect the NS?

A

Myelopathy
Peripheral neuropathy
Brain
Eye/optic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the different parts of the intervertebral disc called?

A

Annulus fibrosis

Nucleus pulposus

24
Q

What are the different ligaments associated with the vertebral column?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Ligamentum falvum

25
What type of fibres are present in ventral/dorsal rami?
Mixed - sensory & motor
26
What type of fibres are present in spinal nerve?
Mixed
27
What type of fibres are present in dorsal root?
Sensory
28
What type of fibres are present in ventral root?
Motor
29
Where does the spinal cord extend from/to?
C1-L2
30
``` What are the signs of an UMN lesion? Weakness Atrophy Reflexes Tone Fasciculations Babinski ```
``` Present Absent Increased Increased Absent Present (extensor) ```
31
``` What are the signs of an LMN lesion? Weakness Atrophy Reflexes Tone Fasciculations Babinski ```
``` Present Present Decreased Decreased Present Absent (Flexor) ```
32
Where are LMNs found?
Ventral horn of spinal cor
33
If the spinal cord is lesioned at C5, what will be observed?
Myelopathy (UMN Lesion) | Signs of UMN lesion will be observed in the legs
34
If there is a lesion of the nerve root at L4 what will be observed?
Radiculopathy (LMN lesion) Numbness in L4 dermatome Reduced knee jerk reflex Weakness in ankle dorsiflexion
35
What is a disc prolapse?
An acute herniation of the IV disc causing compression of the spinal roots or cord
36
If there is central IV disc prolapse in the lumbar region what will be observed?
CES
37
If there is central IV disc prolapse in the CERVICAL region what will be observed?
Cervical myelopathy
38
Where are the most common areas in the spine for disc prolapse?
Cervical & lumbar (most mobile)
39
If there is lateral herniation of IV disc what will be observed ?
Radiculopathy
40
What symptoms will be experienced in disc prolapse?
Numbness & weakness in nerve distribution | Acute pain down leg/arm
41
What treatment can be administered for disc prolapse?
Rehabilitation -physio Nerve root injection Lumber/ cervical discectomy
42
What are the 3 red flag signs of Cauda Equina?
Bilateral sciatica Urinary dysfunction Saddle parasthesia
43
What treatment is required for CES?
Emergency lumber discectomy
44
What is Cauda equine syndrome?
Disc herniation in lumbar region results in compression of the roots
45
What is cervical spondylosis?
Degenerative disease of the cervical spine resulting in spine & nerve root compression
46
In what disease is spinal claudication observed? (pain down both legs)
Lumber spinal stenosis
47
What are the different types of spinal tumours?
Intramedullary Intradural Extradural
48
What are some of the causes of intramedullary tumour?
Astrocytoma | Ependymoma
49
What are some of the causes of intradural tumour?
Meningioma Neurofibroma Lipoma
50
What are some of the causes of extradural tumour?
Metastasis to bone (lung, prostate & breast) Primary bone tumours
51
What are the different spinal infections?
Osteomyelitis Discitis Epidural Abscess
52
What are the 3 main presenting complaints of epidural abscesses?
Back pain Pyrexia Focal neurological - weakness/ numbess
53
What bacterial orgs cause epidural abscesses?
E. coli S. aureus Streptococcus
54
What are the risk factors for epidural abscess?
IV DUs Alcoholics Chronic kidney disease Diabetes
55
What is the treatment for epidural abscess?
Surgical decompression | IV ABIs
56
What is osteomyelitis?
Infection of the vertebral body
57
What are the risk factors for osteomyelitis?
``` Diabetes IVDU CKD Alcoholism AIDs ```

Neurology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions