Muscle Metabolism Flashcards
What is metabolism?
set of chemical processes that occur within a living organism to sustain life
What are the two main metabolic processes
anabolism and catabolism
___________ = producing larger molecules from smaller molecules; molecular synthesis
___________ = breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules: energy production, cellular recycling, garbage removal
anabolism
catabolism
carbs, fats, and proteins are broken down via catabolism to produce _________
co2, h2o, and nh3
proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are built via anabolism by _________
amino acids, sugars, and fatty acids
anabolic reactions ______ energy which catabolic reactions _______ energy
use
create
______ and _______ use energy to create glycogen
glucose and glucose
______ and _______ use energy to create triglycerides
glycerol and fatty acids
______ and _____ use energy to create protein
amino acids and amino acids
glycogen yields energy when broken down into _______
glucose
triglycerides yield energy when broken down into ______- and ______
glycerol and fatty acids
protein yields energy when broken down into _______
amino acids
What are the main metabolic functions? (4)
1 - energy production
2 - molecular synthesis
3 - molecular breakdown
4 - signaling and homeostatic maintenance
energy production is accomplished via?
glycolysis
TCA cycle
oxidative phosphorylation
molecular synthesis is accomplished via?
anabolism
- DNA/RNA
- proteins, lipids, and glycogen
- synthesis of AA, steroids, cofactors, etc.
- repairs to DNA/cell membranes, etc.
molecular breakdown is accomplished via?
catabolism
- for energy production
- dismantling of dysfunctional proteins and organelles, drugs/toxins
what type of energy is used for movement, active transport and other cell processes (catabolism, signaling, etc)
ATP
what type of energy is used for protein synthesis (anabolism) and cell signaling like G-coupled proteins
GTP
total quantity of ATP in the human body is
0.1 mol/L
energy used by human cells in an adult requires the hydrolysis of _____ to ______ mol/L of ATP daily, which means a human will typically use their body weight worth of ATP over the course of a day
100 to 150
G-protein is in an “off” stage when ______ is attached and “on” state when ______ is attached
GDP
GTP
______ adds a P and turns GDP into DTP. _______ takes away a P and turns GTP into GDP
guanine exchange factor (GEF)
GTPase activating protein (GAP)
GAP’s job is to….
make hydrolysis of inorganic phosphate go faster
what are 3 types of long term energy storage
- glycogen
- lipids
- protein
_______ are lipids in the blood ready to be used immediately for energy, _______ are first line inclusions in muscle cells, _______ are second line use in muscle cells because they need processing to be used
fatty acids
lipid droplets
adipocytes
what 2 forms of energy have the most storage in the human body
1st = protein
2nd = lipids
