Muscle Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What is metabolism?

A

set of chemical processes that occur within a living organism to sustain life

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2
Q

What are the two main metabolic processes

A

anabolism and catabolism

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3
Q

___________ = producing larger molecules from smaller molecules; molecular synthesis
___________ = breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules: energy production, cellular recycling, garbage removal

A

anabolism
catabolism

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4
Q

carbs, fats, and proteins are broken down via catabolism to produce _________

A

co2, h2o, and nh3

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5
Q

proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are built via anabolism by _________

A

amino acids, sugars, and fatty acids

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6
Q

anabolic reactions ______ energy which catabolic reactions _______ energy

A

use
create

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7
Q

______ and _______ use energy to create glycogen

A

glucose and glucose

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8
Q

______ and _______ use energy to create triglycerides

A

glycerol and fatty acids

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9
Q

______ and _____ use energy to create protein

A

amino acids and amino acids

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10
Q

glycogen yields energy when broken down into _______

A

glucose

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11
Q

triglycerides yield energy when broken down into ______- and ______

A

glycerol and fatty acids

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12
Q

protein yields energy when broken down into _______

A

amino acids

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13
Q

What are the main metabolic functions? (4)

A

1 - energy production
2 - molecular synthesis
3 - molecular breakdown
4 - signaling and homeostatic maintenance

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14
Q

energy production is accomplished via?

A

glycolysis
TCA cycle
oxidative phosphorylation

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15
Q

molecular synthesis is accomplished via?

A

anabolism

  • DNA/RNA
  • proteins, lipids, and glycogen
  • synthesis of AA, steroids, cofactors, etc.
  • repairs to DNA/cell membranes, etc.
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16
Q

molecular breakdown is accomplished via?

A

catabolism

  • for energy production
  • dismantling of dysfunctional proteins and organelles, drugs/toxins
17
Q

what type of energy is used for movement, active transport and other cell processes (catabolism, signaling, etc)

A

ATP

18
Q

what type of energy is used for protein synthesis (anabolism) and cell signaling like G-coupled proteins

A

GTP

19
Q

total quantity of ATP in the human body is

A

0.1 mol/L

20
Q

energy used by human cells in an adult requires the hydrolysis of _____ to ______ mol/L of ATP daily, which means a human will typically use their body weight worth of ATP over the course of a day

A

100 to 150

21
Q

G-protein is in an “off” stage when ______ is attached and “on” state when ______ is attached

A

GDP
GTP

22
Q

______ adds a P and turns GDP into DTP. _______ takes away a P and turns GTP into GDP

A

guanine exchange factor (GEF)

GTPase activating protein (GAP)

23
Q

GAP’s job is to….

A

make hydrolysis of inorganic phosphate go faster

24
Q

what are 3 types of long term energy storage

A
  • glycogen
  • lipids
  • protein
25
Q

_______ are lipids in the blood ready to be used immediately for energy, _______ are first line inclusions in muscle cells, _______ are second line use in muscle cells because they need processing to be used

A

fatty acids
lipid droplets
adipocytes

26
Q

what 2 forms of energy have the most storage in the human body

A

1st = protein
2nd = lipids

27
Q
A